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1、状 语 从 句 详 解,状语从句,用作状语的从句叫做状语从句。引导状语从句的关联词是一些从属连词。例：When you cross the road,you must be careful.当你过马路时要小心。（when是从属连词）I was late because I missed the bus.我迟到了，因为我误了公共汽车。（关联词是从属连词because）.If she asks me,Ill tell her.她如果问我，我就告诉她。（关联词是从属连词if）You look as if you need a rest.你像是需要休息似的。（关联词是从属连词as if）.,从上面的例
2、子可以看出，状语从句的位置比较灵活，有时可以放于句首，有时可以置于句末。状语从句位于句首时，其后常用逗号与后面的句子隔开。状语从句可以根据其用途分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、程度状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句及方式状语从句。,because,as,for,since这几个词都是表示“原因”的连词，语气由强至弱依次为：becausesinceasfor;其中because,since,as均为从属连词，引导原因状语从句；而for 是并列连词，引导并列句。1.because表示直接原因，它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的，其语气最强。在回答why的
3、提问时或原句有just,only,notbut all等副词强调原因时必须用because.例如：(1)Because Lingling was ill,she didn”t come to school.玲玲因病，没有上学。(2)-Why is she absent?她为什么缺席？-Because she is sick.因为她病了。此外，在强调句型中，只能用because。例如：(3)It was because I missed the early bus that I was late for school.我上学迟到是因为我没有赶上早班汽车。,不与so连用,2.since侧重主句，从
4、句表示显然的或已为人所知的理由，常译为“因为”、“既然”，语气比because稍弱，通常置于句首，表示一种含有勉强语气的原因。例如：(1)Since he asks you,you”ll tell him why.他既然问你，那就告诉他为什么吧。(2)Since everyone is here,let”s start.既然大家都到齐了，我们就出发吧！(3)Since I understood very little Japanese,I couldn”t follow the conversation.我日语懂得不多，因而听不懂对话。,3.as是常用词，它表示的“原因”是双方已知的事实或显而
5、易见的原因，或者理由不是很重要，含义与since相同，但语气更弱，没有since正式，常译为“由于，鉴于”。从句说明原因，主句说明结果，主从并重。例如：(1)We all like her as she is kind.我们都喜欢她，因为她善良。(2)As I had a cold,I was absent from school.因为我感冒了，所以没去上课。(3)As Xiaowang was not ready,we went without him.由于小王没有准备好，我们只好不带他去了。,4.for用作连词时，for不表示直接原因，表明附加或推断的理由，因此for被看作等立连词，它所引
6、导的分句只能放在句子后部(或单独成为一个句子)，并且前后两个分句间的逻辑关系不一定是因果关系，其间用逗号隔开，且for不可置于句首，for的这一用法常用在书面语中，较正式。例如：It must have rained,for the ground is wet.(从“地面潮湿”作出“下过雨”的推测，但地湿并不一定是下雨所致,for不可以换为because。),注：,because of和because的区别 because of后加名词代词或动名词，不加句子，而because加句子，例：Because of his illness,he didnt go to work.因为生病，他没上班。B
7、ecause he was ill,he didnt go to work.,2.让步状语从句,让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管，即使”等概念，常用的关联词有：though,although,even though等。Though he was ill,he was still working.他虽然有病，但仍然继续工作。Although it is difficult,we shall do it.此事虽难，但我们还是要做。Even though you say so,I do not believe it.即使你这样说，我也不信。,注：,though和although可以互换，只是altho
8、ugh比较正式。不可以与连词but连用，但可以与yet，still,never,the less连用，例：Though he worked hard,he couldnt pass the exam.虽然他很努力，但还是没通过考试。as部分倒装 good student as he is/good a student as he is though可倒可不倒 although不倒装,即使，纵使，even if 即使，强调假设 even though尽管，强调以事实为基础Whetheror不论是否,不管是还是,3.结果状语从句,结果状语从句常用so that,such that等关联词引导。e.
9、g.He is so young that he cant go to work.他如此小以致于他不能上班。He got so little pay that his family had to live on welfare money.他工资很少，他的家人不得不靠救济金生活。Its such a good chance that we mustnt miss it.机会这样好，我们决不能失掉。,so+adj./adv.so+adj.+a+n.such+a+adj.+n such+adj.+n(复数)such+adj+n(不可数)So+many/much/little/few+n.Such+
10、a lot of/lots of,4.目的状语从句,目的状语从句常由so that(不能用句首),in order that等词引导，目的状语从句常用助动词may（might）,shall（should）,will（would）,can(could)。目的状语从句常放于主句之后，例：Speak clearly so that they may understand you.你要讲得清楚，他们才听得懂。He spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand.他讲得很慢以便人人能听懂。,5.条件状语从句,条件状语从句表示条件，关联词常用if
11、或unless,as(so)long as.If it snows tomorrow,we will build a snowman.明天如果下雪，我们就堆雪人。Youll catch a cold unless you put on your coat.你会感冒的除非你穿上大衣。He will do anything as long as it is interesting.只要有趣，他什么都愿意干。,7.比较状语从句,比较状语从句常用than或asas引导，than表示两者的比较，asas表示程度相同的比较。例：He is taller than I.他比我高。That book is m
12、ore interesting than this one.那本书比这本有趣。He runs as fast as I（do）.他和我跑得一样快。He is older than me.,注：1,比较状语从句后面的主语在口语中常用宾格。如果后面的句子主语为主格时，可以加助动词、情态动词等。He can jump higher than I can.他能比我跳得高。He came later than LiLei did.他比李磊来得晚。,when的用法小结,2.可用作并列连词，其意义为“这时,突然”，相当于and then suddenly。常用于下列句式：be doing be about
13、to do sth be on the point of doing I was about to go out when the door bell rang.One evening I was having my dinner when an unexpected friend knocked my door.,+when,3.还可以表示原因“既然”，相当于since;considering that。如：It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.How can
14、 he get good grades when he wont study?,4.When 的省略句型:当when引导的从句与主句主语一致,且从句中包含be动词时,可省略从句主语和be动词。I have tried to keep this advice in mind when(I am)writing the book.He gave good practical advice when(he was)asked.When at Rome,do as the Romans do.When still a youth he witnessed the rising dissatisfact
15、ion of the masses.We will do that only when(it is)necessary.,小结:当.的时候 当的时候 when 这时,正在这时 while 而,然而 既然 趁着时候 当.的时候 as 一边.一边.随着.,2.一就引导的时间状语从句:1.-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?-Yes.I gave it to her _ _ _ _(一.就)_ _ I saw her.,as soon as,the moment,the minute,the instant,immediatel
16、y,directly,2.-Did Linda see the traffic accident?-_had she gone_it occurred.(=_ had she gone _ it happened.)3.till/until“直到.为止”1.Mother waited for Tom till/until far into the night.(持续性动词)2.Tom didnt get back till/until everything was all right.(短暂性动词)=_ everything was all right _.=_ everything was
17、all right _ Tom got back.,No sooner,than,Hardly,when,Not until,did Tom get back,It was not until,that,till,until和notuntil,1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词,表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间,意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：We waited until he came.直到他来,我才买了这本书。2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：I did
18、nt buy this book until he came.,3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：Until you told me I had no idea of it.4notuntil句型中的倒装和强调说法：Not until he came did I buy this book.It was not until he came that I bought this book.,连接词before的小结：一、含义1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.2 We hadnt run a mi
19、le before he felt tired.3 Please write it down before you forget it.4Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.,“才”,“不到就”,“趁”,“还没来得及”,二Before从句中谓语不用否定式。如：Before they reached the station,the train had gone.,三1）句型It will be/was段时间before“还要过多久才”如：It will be two years before he leaves the country.
20、2）句型It will be/was not一段时间before“不多久就”如：It wasnt two years before he left the country.,2.句型It is/has been段时间sinceIt is/has been three years since she joined the army.It is/has been three years since she was in the army.,before/when/since/that,It was 8 pm._ they got to the village.It was 8 hours _ th
21、ey got to the village.Its a long time _ I met you last.It was at 8 pm._ they got to the village.,when,before,since,that,小结,1一些词，如the moment,the minute,the instant,等也可引导一个时 间状语从句，相当于as soon as的意思。He jumped off the couch the moment the telephone rang.2.immediately,directly,instantly,也可引导时间状语 They phon
22、ed me immediately they reached home.3.hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,no soonerthan 引导时间状语，相当于as soon as 的意思。如果hardly或no sooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必 须用部分倒装结构。主句使用过去完成时，从句使用一般过去时。Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.4.一些含有time的名词短语，如every time,each time,next time,the first time等，以及the day,the year,the mor
23、ning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。The day he returned home,his father was already dead.Next time you come,please bring your composition.,【状语从句的省略】,1 Though _ many times,David oftendrives after drinking.(warn)2 Look out while _ the street.(cross)3 He arrived home half an hour earlier than _.(expect),warned,crossing
24、,expected,if necessary;if possible;when necessary;if any,1.(04北京春)We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started.A.when B.while C.until D.before2.(04年江苏)_ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.A.While B.Since C.Before D.Unless3.(05福建)Did Jack come back early last n
25、ight?Yes.It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home.A.before B.when C.thatD.until,A,A,B,4.(01北京春)Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?Yes.I gave it to her _ I saw her.A.while B.the moment C.suddenly D.once 5._ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report.A.
26、He hardly had B.Had he hardly C.Hardly had heD.Hardly he had 6.A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.A.when B.unless C.after D.until,B,C,D,7.(03年北京)He made a mistake,but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.A.until B.when C.before D.a
27、s 8.(06天津)The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain,_ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.A.since B.when C.as D.while9.(1998上海)I thought her nice and honest _ I met her.A.first time B.for the first time C.the first time D.by the first time,C,D,C,10.(05北京春)It is almo
28、st five years _ we saw each other last time.A.before B.since C.after D.because 11.(06辽宁)He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.A.why B.where C.when D.while 12.(06四川)Why didnt you tell him about the meeting?He rushed out of the room_I could say a word.A.before B.unt
29、il C.when D.after,B,C,A,13.(05上海)He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it.A.where B.when C.that D.until 14.-How long do you think it will be _ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?-Perhaps two or three years.（06福建）A.when B.until C.thatD.before15.Im going to t
30、he post office.youre there,can you get me some stamps?A.AsB.While C.Because D.If,B,D,B,16.Mother was worried because little Alice was ill,especially _ Father was away in France.(94)A.as B.that C.during D.if17.Generally speaking,_ according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.(03上海)A.when t
31、akingB.when taken C.when to take D.when to be taken18.Several weeks had gone by _I realized the painting was missing.(04)A.as B.before C.since D.when,A,B,B,19.That was really a splendid evening.It s years _ I enjoyed myself so much.(05 安徽)A.when B.that C.before D.since20.How can you expect to learn anything _ you never listen?（06山东）A.in case B.even if C.unless D.when,D,D,Homework,1.Go over the key points.2.Finish the exercises for the adverbial clause.,
