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1、Pride and Prejudice-Chen Yao“It is a truth universally acknowledged,that a single man in possession of a good fortune,must be in want of a wife.,Jane Austen was born at Steventon Parsonage,Hampshire,England,on December 16th,1775,the seventh of eight children.At first,she was sent to Oxford to be edu
2、cated.A few years later,she had returned home because the Austens could not afford to send her to school.Austen acquired the remainder of her education by reading books,guided by her minister-father.Her father apparently gave Austen unfettered access to his large and varied library,and provided her
3、with expensive paper and other materials for her writing and,drawing.Austen had a close relationship with her sister-Cassandra Elizabeth.Austen never married.In 1796,she had a short relationship with Tom Lefroy,who was the Irish supreme judge.It is said that he is Mr.Darcys prototype in Pride and Pr
4、ejudice.In 1816,Austen got a serious illness and died in Winchester on 18th,July 1817,at the age of 41.She was buried in the north aisle of the nave of Winchester Cathedral.,StatusFrom 18 century to the early 19th century,sentimental novel and Gothic novel are full of British Literature.But Austens
5、novel destroys the old and establishes the new.Unconventionally shows that British rural middle class life which has not been under capitalist industry revolution impact.Her works,often through the comedic scenes of mocking peoples stupidity,selfishness,snobbery and blindly confident weakness.Austen
6、s novel appeared in the early 19th century.She broke the false romanticism trend,inheriting and developing the excellent tradition of realism in the 18th century in the UK.She opens the climax of the realistic novels of 1830s.,Jane Austen is one of the very few famous female writers in the world.She
7、 is a domestic novelist and novelist of manners.She is mentioned in the same st atus with Shakespeare.,Austens literary concern,Austens main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationship.She is particular preoccupied with the relationship between men and women in love.Stories
8、 of love and marriage provide the major themes in all her novels,in which female characters are always playing an active part.,Novel of Manners(社会风俗小说）,work of fiction that re-creates a social world,conveying with finely detailed observation the customs,values,and mores of a highly developed and com
9、plex society.The conventions of the society dominate the story,and characters are differentiated by the degree to which they measure up to the uniform standard,or ideal,of behaviour or fall below it.The range of a novel of manners may be limited,as in the works ofJane Austen,which deal with the dome
10、stic affairs of English country gentry families of the 19th century and ignore elemental human passions and larger social and political determinations.,Domestic Novel,domestic Novel refers to a type of novel popular with women readers during the middle of the nineteenth century.The genre began with
11、Catharine SedgwicksNew-England Tale(1822)and remained a dominant fictional type until after 1870.,Features,1.Plot focuses on a heroine who embodies one of two types of exemplar.2.The heroine struggles for self-mastery,learning the pain of conquering her own passions 3.The tales generally end with ma
12、rriage.4.The novels may use a language of tears that evokes sympathy from the readers.,List of Works,Novels:Sense and Sensibility(1811)Pride and Prejudice(1813)Mansfield Park(1814)Emma(1815)Northanger Abbey(1818,posthumous)Persuasion(1818,posthumous)Short fiction:Lady Susan(1794,1805)Unfinished fict
13、ion:The Watsons 1804)Sanditon(1817)Other Works:Sir Charles Grandison(adapted play)(1793,1800)Plan of a Novel(1815),A Brief Introduction of Pride and Prejudice,Pride and Prejudice is the masterpiece of Jane Austen.This work takes the daily life as the source material.Contrary to popular sentimental n
14、ovels of the community content and affectation of writing methods.Vividly reflects the end of the 18th century to the early 19th century British township life in a conservative and occlusion state and the ways of the world.,Social Background,1.The story of Pride and Prejudice took place in nineteent
15、h century.At that time,Britain was at the period of transition from the earlier stage of Capitalism to Capitalist Industrialization.In the countryside,the aristocratic family still held great power and right that country squires were likely to fawn upon them.However,as the development of Capitalism
16、and the expand of the rank of rich people,the distinction between social strata was becoming smaller and smaller,while money was getting more and more important in peoples mind about social value.England consented to accommodate the aspirations of the rising middle classes by permitting intermarriag
17、e with commomers.,2.The story took place in the times between 18th and 19th centuries in UK;it was universally regarded that a single wealthy man must be in a want of a wife.3.It is a common practice during Austens time for women to marry a husband to save her from spinsterhood or to gain financial
18、security.So generally speaking,a woman in middle class can change her life only by a successful marriage.,The Relationship Between Main Characters,Social Hierarchy,Plot,Mr and Mrs Bennet live with their five daughters at Longbourn near London.Because they have no son,their property will have to pass
19、,according to the law at that time,to a cousin,William Collins.Hoping to secure their daughters position in society,they both want to marry them to some wealthy gentlemen.It so happens that Charles Bingley,a single man in possession of a good fortune,comes to settle in the neighborhood with his two
20、sisters and his friend Fitzwilliam Darcy,who is also rich and unmarried.Bingley and Jane fall in love with each other almost at first sight.And Darcy is attracted to Janes sister Elizabeth,but he offends her by his insolent behavior and rude remarks at a ball.The dislike and repulsion is increased b
21、y the pride of the one and the prejudice of the other.,However,Darcy continues to be attracted to her,in spite of himself,till he proposes to her but is rejected indignantly.Later on,on a trip to north of England with her uncle and aunt,Elizabeth chances to meet Darcy,who receives them very warmly a
22、nd shows greatly improves manners.Thus pride is checked and prejudice removed.Just at this point,news reaches Elizabeth that her youngest sister Lydia has eloped with Wickham.By Darcys help,their marriage is finally brought about.And through his influence,the former tie between Bingley and Jane is r
23、enewed,which leads to their engagement.Darcy and Elizabeth also become engaged despite the intervention of Lady Catherine de Bourgh.The story then ends happily with the marriages of Jane and Elizabeth.,Characters Lists,Elizabeth BennetThe protagonist of the novel and the second oldest of five sister
24、s,Elizabeth is lively,quick-witted,sharp-tongued,bold and intelligent.She is the most logical of the Bennet daughters and that makes her her fathers favorite.Elizabeth is especially distinguished by her fine eyes.The importance of her eyes may be symbolic of her abilities of perception.She has pride
25、 in her abilities to perceive the truth of situations and of peoples characters.However,her perceptive abilities fail her frequently because she is influenced by vanity and judges people rashly.By the end of the novel she overcomes her prejudice through her dealings with Darcy.Elizabeth is concerned
26、 with propriety,good-manners,and virtue,but is not impressed by mere wealth or titles.,Mr.DarcyAn extremely wealthy aristocrat,Darcy is proud,haughty and extremely conscious of class differences at the beginning of the novel.He does,however,have a strong sense of honor and virtue.Elizabeths rebukes
27、after his first proposal to her help him to recognize his faults of pride and social prejudice.It is,in fact,precisely because Elizabeth is not so awed by his high social status as to be afraid to criticize his character that he is attracted to her.The self-knowledge acquired from Elizabeths rebukes
28、 and the desire to win Elizabeths love spur him to change and judge people more by their character than by their social class.,Jane BennetJane is the oldest in the family.Beautiful,good-tempered,sweet,amiable,humble and selfless,Jane is universally well-liked.She refuses to judge anyone badly,always
29、 making excuses for people when Elizabeth brings their faults to her attention.Her tendency to give people the benefit of the doubt leads her to be hurt by insincere friends such as Caroline Bingley,although in the end her judgments seem to be more accurate than Elizabeths overall and to do her much
30、 less harm.Jane is a static characteras she is basically a model of virtue from the beginning,there is no room for her to develop in the novel.,Charles BingleyMr.Bingley,much like Jane,is an amiable and good-tempered person.He is not overly concerned with class differences,and Janes poor family conn
31、ections are not a serious deterrent to his attachment to her.Bingley is very modest and easily swayed by the advice of his friends,as seen in his decision not to propose to Jane as a result of Darcys belief that Jane is not really attached to him.Also like Jane,Bingley lacks serious character faults
32、 and is thus static throughout the novel.His character and his love for Jane remain constant;the only thing that changes is the advice of Darcy,which leads him not to propose to Jane in the beginning of the novel but to propose to her in the end.,Mr.WickhamAn officer in the regiment stationed at Mer
33、yton,Wickham is quickly judged to be a perfectly good and amiable man because of his friendliness and the ease of his manners.He initially shows a preference for Elizabeth,and she is pleased by his attentions and inclined to believe his story about Darcy.Yet while Wickham has the appearance of goodn
34、ess and virtue,this appearance is deceptive.His true nature begins to show itself through his attachment to Miss King for purely mercenary purposes and then through Darcys exposition of his past and through his elopement with Lydia,deceiving her to believe that he intends to marry her.,Lydia BennetT
35、he youngest of the Bennet sisters,Lydia is foolish and flirtatious,given up to indolence and the gratification of every whim.She is the favorite of Mrs.Bennet,because the two have such similar characters.Lydia is constantly obsessed with the officers in the regiment,and sees no purpose to life beyon
36、d entertainment and diversion.She lacks any sense of virtue,propriety or good-judgment,as seen in her elopement with Wickham and her complete lack of remorse afterward.,Mrs.BennetMrs.Bennet is a foolish and frivolous woman.She lacks all sense of propriety and virtue and has no concern for the moral
37、or intellectual education of her daughters.From the beginning of the novel her sole obsession is to marry off her daughters.She is perfectly happy with Lydias marriage,and never once censures her daughter for her shameful conduct or for the worry she has caused her family.Her impropriety is a consta
38、nt source of mortification for the Elizabeth,and the inane nature of her conversation makes her society so difficult to bear that even Jane and Bingley decide to move out of the neighborhood a year after they are married.,Mr.BennetAn intelligent man with good sense,Mr.Bennet made the mistake of marr
39、ying a foolish woman.He takes refuge in his books and seems to want nothing more than to be bothered as little as possible by his family.His indolence leads to the neglect of the education of daughters.Even when Elizabeth warns him not to allow Lydia to go to Brighton because of the moral danger of
40、the situation,he does not listen to her because he does not want to be bothered with Lydias complaints.,Mr.CollinsA clergyman and an extremely comical character because of his mix of obsequiousness and pride,Mr.Collins is fond of making long and silly speeches and stating formalities which have abso
41、lutely no meaning in themselves.For Mr.Collins,speech is not a means to communicate truth but a means to say what he thinks the people around him want to hear or what will make the people around him think well of him.He is in line to inherit Longbourn once Mr.Bennet dies,and wants to marry one of th
42、e Miss Bennets to lessen the burden of the entailment.When Elizabeth refuses him,he considers his duty discharged and transfers his affections to Charlotte Lucas.,Charlotte LucasCharlotte acts as a foil to Elizabeth by embodying the opposite view of marriage.Charlotte makes no attempt to find a husb
43、and whom she loves and esteems,but simply gives in to the necessity of acquiring financial security through marriage.She deals as well with Mr.Collins as is possible,but Elizabeth doubts their long-term happiness.,Mr.Bennets MarriageMoral Marriage,In contrast to Elizabeth,her father,Mr.Bennet,is an
44、example of living with ones mistakes“He had married a woman whose weak understanding and illiberal mind,had very early in their marriage put an end to all real affection for her.Respect,esteem and confidence,had vanished forever;and all his views of domestic happiness were overthrown.”Mrs.Bennets ma
45、in interest in life is to find suitable husbands for her five daughters,while Mr.Bennet would like to islolate himself from his family and refugee in his library or in mocking his wife.Mr.Bennet also can be considered as an irresponsible father because lacks of responsibility towards his family and
46、he encourges his younger daughter to elope with Wichham.So from every point of view,their marriage is a common one,like hundreds of thousand couples.,Charlottes Marriage-Based on Economics,In Pride and Prejudice,Charlotte and Collins are the first young couple to get married.Their marriage is out of
47、 any expectation.At first,Collins proposes to his cousinElizabeth,because he would inherit Mr.Bennets wealth，and he is kind of admiring her.Unexpectedly,Elizabeth refuses him with sharp tongue.Then Charlotte get a chance to step in.She is not very pretty,and there is not much money for her to inheri
48、t.Collons find comforts from Charlotte,and Charlotte finds a wealthy man she wants.They get married as quickly as lightening.But on the other hand,this is also very dull.,Lydias marriageWith neither love or money,Elizabeths little sisterLydias marriage is another bad marriage.Lydia is impulsive,vain
49、 and immature.She is crazy about Wichhams handsome appearance and his boast,even elopes with him.She doesnt consider her later life,forgetting that anyhow she is a poor girl.Elopement is an embarrassment at that time.Only Wichham married her can save her reputation.Actually Wichham has no intention
50、of marrying her until Darcy promises to pay all his debts,to secure him a commission and present Lydia another one thousand pounds.After marriage,they dont love each other as much as before.This marriage is another one without love.They dont know the real meaning of love and marriage.,Elizabeths Mar
