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1、句子类型,句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old.She didnt hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating?How old is he?Is he six or seven years old?Mary can swim,cant she?,3）祈使句：Be careful,boys.Keep silent,please.Dont talk in class.Tom,dont waste your time!4）感叹句：How clever th
2、e boy is!=What a clever boy!How beautiful the dress is!=What a beautiful dress!What a fine day!,2、按句子的结构分：简单句、并列句和复合句。1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。He often reads English.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.,2)并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（
3、;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。You help him and he helps you.The future is bright;the road is tortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。,3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.,句子成分包括：主、谓、宾、表、定、状主语：是一个句子中所要表达描述的对象，可以是名词、代词、数词
4、、动词不定式、动名词、名词化形容词、短语、从句等。The house is big.You are students.Two is the second number.,谓语：用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语一般是动词，放在主语的后面。（有时态、人称等变化）We come to school five days a week.I have homework to do today.Anne kept a diary.Does he work hard every day?I will go to the part tomorrow.,宾语：谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者,宾
5、语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任，一般放在谓语后面。Jim likes football very much.He gave me a book.We call her Anne.I find it difficult to stay awake when Im really sleepy.,表语：用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。You are a student.Mary looks pretty in red.玛丽穿红色衣服很好看。The chicken sme
6、lls tasty.鸡肉闻起来很香。We stay friends for many years.我们是多年的好友了。,常见的系动词：be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等become(变成),turn(变成),grow(变得),get(变得)等,定语：用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由
7、名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。She likes red coats best.她最喜欢红色的外套。the coats that she likes best她最喜欢的外套,状语说明事物发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果方式、条件或伴随情况、程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词、短语以及从句来担任。I work hard in my room from 7:00 to 9:00,reading and writing,in order to better understand my lessons.
8、,简单句的五种基本句型：一、主语不及物动词 Spring is coming.This factory opened in 1989.二、主语及物动词宾语 She has bought a new house.,三、主语连系动词表语 She looked worried.Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the school.,四、主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语（双宾语结构）My father bought me a lot of books.My teacher gave us two classes today.She show
9、s Tom her new pen.John passes the ball to Tim.,五、主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语 They made him their monitor.We consider him very capable.They call her Anne.,句子成份练习,1、You should study hard.2、The teacher got very angry.3、The boy told me his story.4、We elected him our monitor.5、The sun keeps us warm.6、I told him to ope
10、n the window.7、We watched the train leaving the station.,状语,表语,间语+直宾,宾语+宾补,宾语+宾补,宾语+宾补,宾语+宾补,8.I think it difficult to finish the work this morning.9.There seems little hopes of success.10、To our joy,they arrived safe.11、The fact is very clear that our team will win the game.12.After graduation he w
11、ill work where he came from.,宾语+宾补,主语,状语,同位语,状语,Exercises把下列句子译成英语，并指出各属于哪种基本句型。1.这些花闻起来很香。These flowers smell good.2.这里夏天经常下雨。It always rains here in summer.,主系表,主不及物动,Exercises3.李平逗得婴儿笑起来了。Li Ping made the baby begin to laugh.4.刚才她给了我一些墨水。Just now she gave me some ink.主及物动间宾直宾,主及物动宾宾补,1.Give me on
12、e more minute _ Ill be able to finish it.A.and B.or C.if D.so2.-Your uncle isnt an engineer,is he?-_.A.Yes,he isnt B.No,he isntC.No,he is D.He is,3._ joyful he was to meet his brother again!A.How B.What C.What a D.What an4.Let us pass,_?A.shant we B.shall we C.wont we D.will you5.I suppose he isnt s
13、erious,_?A.do I B.dont I C.is he D.isnt he,6.You had better not smoke here,_?A.will you B.had you C.shall you D.have you7.Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competition.A.then B.but C.and D.or,8.Im sorry to have to say this,_ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room la
14、st night.A.and B.but C.so D.because9.John has not yet passed the driving test,and _.A.Henry hasnt too B.Henry also has not either C.neither Henry has D.neither has Henry,10.There are many sports lovers in his office.Some love climbing,_ others enjoy swimming.A.or B.For C.while D.so11.-Do you feel li
15、ke going out _ would you rather have dinner at home?-Id like to go out.A.or B.and C.but D.so,补充：there be句型：A.there be 结构中的be 可运用各种时态。1.今晚有个会议。There is going to be/will be a meeting tonight.2.有个女孩一直在等你。There has been a girl waiting for you.3.你来之前就有过很多起这样的事故。There had been many such accidents before y
16、ou came.,B.There be 结构变形。1.There used/seem/happen/appear to be1).看来没人愿意帮忙。There appeared to be nobody willing to help.2).过去这儿有一座楼房。There used to be a building here.,3).碰巧有个人在此经过。There happened to be a man walking by.4).好象没有太大的希望。There doesnt seem to be much hope.,B.There be 结构变形。2.在there be的 be 前还可以
17、加上各种情态动词.1).一定有问题。There must be something wrong.2).不应该有这么多的人。There ought not to be so many people.3).可能还有点希望。There might still be hope.,C.“there be”结构中的特殊动词：1.除用动词be之外，还可以用和be意义相近的其他动词：live,exist,stand,lie,occur,come,follow,remain等。1).很久很久以前，有一个国王。Long,long ago,there lived a king.,2).然后有人敲门。Then the
18、re came a knock at the door.3).然后是传来了可怕的声音。There followed a terrible noise.4).突然进来了一个奇怪的人。Suddenly there entered a strange man.,D.“there be”的特殊的表达方式 1.There is no sense in doing 做某事是没有意义的 There is no sense in making him angry.跟他生气是没有用的。,2.There is no use/good doing 做某事是没有用的 There is no good/use going there.去那儿是没有好处的。3.There is no need to do 没有必要做某事 There is no need to give him so much money.根本没有必要给他那么多的钱。,
