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1、情态动词与高考(复习课),一、情态动词的基本特征:情态动词本身有词义，表示说话的语气或情态，但不能单独在句中作谓语，只能同动词原形一道构成句子谓语，它们没有人称和数的变化，大多用于所有人称。,二、常见的情态动词：can/could,be able to,may/might,must,have to,need,dare/dared,should,ought to,shall,will/would,三、情态动词考点分布情况：,、常见情态动词的基本用法：can/could：“能、会”“可以”（用于现在、过去和将来三种时态）cant/couldnt：“不能、不可以”be able to：“能、会”（用
2、于多种时态）may/might：“可以（=can/could）”must：“必须、一定”（表主观看法，）have to：“必须、不得不”（表客观需要，有人称、数、时 态的变化）mustnt：“一定不、千万不”表禁止之意 neednt=dont have to：“不必”,1.A computer _ think for itself,it must be told what to do.(91)A.cant B.couldnt C.may not D.might not2.-Will you stay for lunch?(99)-Sorry,_.My brother is coming to
3、see me.A.I mustnt B.I cant C.I neednt D.I wont3.-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes,of course you _.(92)A.might B.will C.can D.should4.Johnny,you _ play with the knife,you _ hurt yourself.(96)A.wont;cant B.mustnt;may C.shouldnt;must D.cant;shouldnt,5.How _ you say that you really understand the who
4、le story if you have covered only part of the article?A.can B.must C.need D.may(2001上海)6.A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time,especially at a railway station.A.should B.can C.must D.will（2003）7.I dont mind telling you what I know.(2004江苏)-You _.Im not asking you for
5、 it.A.mustnt B.may not C.cant D.neednt8.Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library.（2004上海）A.must B.may C.can D.need,9.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.(97)A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to,注意：could：表
6、过去的能力作“能、会”讲时，可与was/were able to互换，但在表示过去经过努力才完成的事情时（即：managed to do sth.），只用was/were able to，不可用could；,2、shall：用作情态动词：A、用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见或 向对方提出建议；-Shall Tom/I sweep the floor today?-Ok./Thats a good idea.B、用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的“命 令”“禁止”“警告”“许诺”“威胁”等。如：You shall do as I say.（=must 表命令）He sha
7、ll be sorry for it one day,I tell you.（表警告）Tell him that he shall get the book tomorrow.(许诺）,10.The room is so dirty._ we clean it?-Of course.(2003北京春)A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do,3.should的用法.should=ought to：应当、应该（表义务、责任）You shouldnt be so careless.你不应当这样粗心大意。.should：“竟然”表惊奇、遗憾等It is astonishing that
8、 we should find violence here.我们这儿竟然有有暴力行为，真令人震惊。.should：可能、该（表可能性、推测或推论）They should have arrived in Beijing by this time.他们这时候应该已到北京了。The report is written after careful investigation,so it is should be reliable,11.Im surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an)_ trick.（2001春）A.ordinary
9、 B.easy C.smart D.simple12.Its nearly seven oclock.Jack _ be here at any moment.(95)A.must B.need C.should D.can13.-When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon.(98)-They _ be ready by 12:00.A.can B.should C.might D.need14.I _ pay Tracy a visit,but Im not sure whether I will have ti
10、me this Sunday.（2004浙江）A.should B.might C.would D.could,.should：“应该”（表虚拟）句型一：insist等+that-clause（“should+动词原形”或“动 词原形”）能用此句型的动词有：二命令：order,command 三建议：suggest,advise,propose 四要求：require,request,demand,desire但是：insist（坚持说/坚持认为），suggest（暗示/表明）后的宾语从句用陈述语气。The Arab insisted that he had never seen the ca
11、mel.The dark clouds suggest that it is going to rain soon.,.can/could,may/might和must表推测：,1、must：“一定是、准是”只用于肯定，其结构如下：must+动词原形：对现在情况的推测；must+be doing：对现在情况的推测；must+have done：对过去情况的推测；2、can/could：用于否定和疑问，cant/couldnt+动词原形：“不可能”cant/couldnt+be doing：“不可能在做”cant/couldnt+have done：“不可能已经”3、may/might：“也许、
12、可能”用于肯定、否定，may/might+动词原形：may/might+have done：may/might not+动词原形：may/might not+have done：,15.Peter _ come with us tonight,but he isnt very sure yet.(93)A.must B.may C.can D.will16.-Are you coming to Jeffs party?(2000)-Im not sure.I _ go to the concert instead.A.must B.would C.should D.might 17.I did
13、nt hear the phone.I _ asleep.(89)A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been18.-There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.(95)-It _ a comfortable journey.A.cant be B.shouldnt be C.mustnt have been D.couldnt have been19.-Do you think our basketballers
14、 played very well yesterday?-_.（2001上海）A.They were not nervous at all B.They were still young C.They played naturally D.They couldnt have done better,20.Is John coming by train?（2002）-He should,but he _ not.He likes driving his car.A.must B.can C.need D.may21.Naturally,after I told her what to do,my
15、 daughter _ go and do the opposite!(2003春)A.may B.can C.must D.should22.I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.-It _ true because there was little snow there.A.may not be B.must C.could D.would(2002北京)23.You _ be tired;youve only been working for an hour.(2004)A.must not B.wont C.cant
16、 D.may not24.Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?-Sorry,I am not sure.But it _ be.A.might B.will C.must D.can(2004湖北)25.Isnt that Anns husband over there?(2004安徽)-No,it _ be him.Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.A.cant B.must not C.wont D.may not,注意：must/can/may表推测时，其反意疑问句的构成如下：He must
17、 be in the classroom,isnt he?He must have seen the film,hasnt he?He must have seen the film last month,didnt he?,、情态动词表虚拟时的结构情态动词后接完成体的四个句型：、could/might have done：“本来可以”、should/ought to have done：“本应该”、should not/ought not to have done：“本不该”、neednt have done：“本不必”注意：以上四个结构都指过去的情况,表并未如此,在客观陈述事实时要用一般过
18、去时.,26.Sorry Im late.I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A.might B.should C.can D.will（2000春）27.-I stayed at a hotel while in New York.(98)-Oh,did you?You _ with Barbara.A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed 28.I told Sally how to get here,but
19、perhaps I _ for her.(94)A.had to write it out B.must have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out29.I was really anxious about you.You _ home without a word.A.mustnt leave B.shouldnt have left(2001)C.couldnt have left D.neednt leave30.Tom ought not to _ me your secret,but
20、 he meant no harm.A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.having told(93),2.含if条件句的复合句中：句型一：If（过去式/were），主句(should/would/could/might+动原)“愿意、会/能/也许”句型二：If（had done），主句(should/would/could/might+have done)“愿意、会/能/也许”,31.If my lawyer _ here last Saturday,he _ me from going.(89)A.had been;would have prevented
21、B.had been;would prevent C.were;would prevent D.were;would have prevented32.-If he _,he _ that food.(93)-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have taken C.would be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken,33.I didn
22、t see your sister at the meeting.If she _,she would have met my brother.(94)A.has come D.did come C.came D.had come34.You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.(96)A.drove;didnt get B.drove;wouldnt get C.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got35.Without electricity human l
23、ife _ quite different today.(91)A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be,可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、dare,情态动词(+动词原形),行为动词,.,need,dare,1.无人称和数的变化;,2.尤其用于：,*否定句及疑问句中;,*在if/whether之后;,*或与hardly,never,no one,nobody连用;,3.常以neednt 和darent 的形式出现;,4.dare有其过去时dared.,多用于肯定句;(sb.)need to do dare to do(sth.)need to b
24、e done(sth.)need doing,注意对need问句的回答:-Need I finish the work today?-Yes,_.No,_.No,_.,you must,you neednt,you dont have to,neednt 对其它情态动词的回答:-Shall I tell John about it?-No,you _.-Must we do it now?-No,you _.,neednt(dont have to),neednt(dont have to),表示推测情态动词的重要用法.,肯定的推测可能的推测否定的推测疑问的推测,must,对将来 对现在 对过去,情态动词,may,might,cant,couldnt,can,could,+V.+V.+have done常见must be+be doing,+V.+V.+have done+be doing 可以用not表示“可能不”,+V.+V.+have done+be doing,+V.+V.+have done+be doing,
