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1、目录,1.你课前预习了吗2.学一学2.练一练3.轻松一刻4.考考你,你知道下列各词的过去式及过去分词吗？,SleepSpendPaySell HearLoseMakeFinddrawBuildKnow,概念,表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。Eg:Chinese is spoken by many people.,构成,助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 构成。被动语态在人称，数，和时态的变化是通过be 的变化表现出来的。,请以build为例说出被动语态的各种时态变化形式：,(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以speak为例
2、，列表如下：一般现在时：am/is/are+built 一般过去时：was/were+built 一般将来时：shall/will+be+built 一般过去将来时：should/would+be+built 现在进行时：am/is/are+being+built 过去进行时：was/were+being+built 现在完成时：have/has+been+built 过去完成时：had+been+built 将来完成时：shall/will+have been+built,含有情态动词的被动语态：should/must/can+be+built,被动语态的用法,不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行
3、者是谁：如：My bag was stolen yesterday.This bridge was built in 1985.,2.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。如：The glass was broken by Tom.,We bought some books.,主动句与被动句之间的转换,Some books were bought(by us),主语 谓语动词主动语态的过去式 宾语,主语 谓语动词被动语态的过去分词 介词+宾语,主动句变为被动句所遵循的3个步骤：,1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语.,2.把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而
4、动词的时态则保持不变。,3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它 的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。,被动语态的几种句型,1 肯定句 主语+be+过去分词+(by),A sweet song was sung by her on the stage.,2 否定句 主语+be+not+过去分词+(by),3 一般疑问句 Be+主语+过去分词+(by),A sweet song wasnt sung by her on the stage.,Was a sweet song sung by her on the stage?,4 特殊疑问句 疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by)
5、,Where was a sweet song sung by her?,语态转换时所注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.(正确)A new computer have been bought.(错误)2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I wa
6、s given a present on my birthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：A present was given to me yesterday.,保留宾语,3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：不及物动词+介词，如:agree to,ask for,laugh at,operated on,listen to,look after,think of,talk about 等。The patient is being operated
7、on.The problem is solved.It neednt be talked about.及物动词+副词：如：bring about,carry out,find out,give up,hand in,make out,pass on,point out,put away,put off,think over,turn down,work out,turn out 等。His request was turned down.The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.,4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为
8、被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is always kept clean.She told us to follow her instructions.We were told to follow her instructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listen to,look at,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语
9、补足语不存在省略to 的问题。We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.,有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook 等。如：The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗。The new product sells well.这新产品很畅销。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写字
10、很流畅。对比：The books sell well.(主动句)The books were sold out.(被动句)The meat didnt cook well.(主动句)The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat.(被动句),请把下列的主动句变为被动句,1.He wrote an article last week.,An article was written by him last week.,2.The people make history.,History is made by people.,3.Do people
11、 use Chinese only in China?,Is Chinese used by people only in China?,4.They didnt visit the city two years ago.,The city wasnt visited by them two years ago.,5 Where did you make them?,Where were they made by you?,1.The woman asked the policeman for help.2.The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday.3
12、.Do they use the box as a table?4.She sent me a collection last week.5.The teacher doesnt teach us math this term.,练习：请把下列主动句变为被动句,就下列句子的画线部分提问：,1.Q:_ A:The stove was invented in 1896.2.Q:_ A:The Wright brothers invented the plane.3.Q:_ A:The washing machine is used for washing clothes.,When was the
13、 stove invented?,Who invented the plane?,What is the washing machine used for?,就划线部分提问,用所给动词的正确形式填空：,1)The bike _(fix)up by Xiao Ming yesterday.2)Sunglasses _(use)for protecting peoples eyes.3)A picture _(put)up on the blackboard.4)French_(speak)in France.5)Teenagers should _(allow)to choose their own clothes.,was fixed,are used,is put,is spoken,be allowed,Good luck,完成“被动语态”专项练习,
