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1、Module1OurBodyandHealthyHabits-Vocabulary学案iwordstudyl.diet:（l）nc.sortoffoodthatisusuallyeatenbyaperson,community,etc;limitedvarietyoramountoffoodthatapersonisallowedtoeat,e.g.formedicalreasonsorinordertoloseweight.日常饮食；规定食谱（如为治疗疾病或减轻体重）e.g.abalanceddietisgoodforourhealth.均衡的饮食对我们的安康有好处。mydaughterdo
2、esn,tlikearichdiet.我女儿不宠爱油腻的饮食。（2）vi.（beallowed）toeatonlysomefoodsoralittlefood,especiallytoloseweight.只（准）吃某类食物或少量食物；（尤指为减轻体重）节食e.g.iadviseyoutodietandtakemoreexercise.我建议你节食并多熬炼身体。（3）常用短语：beonadiet/goonadiet节食e.g.thedoctorsaidishouldbeonadiet.大夫说我应当节食。Shedecidedtogoonalow-fatdietfromthismonday.她决心
3、从本周一起先进展低脂肪的饮食疗法。辨析:food和diet二者均表示食物；但food是一般用语，指任何可吃的东西，diet通常指维持安康的特定或定量的饮食；diet是可数名词，food是不行数名词,但在强调种类时为可数名词。egmanywesternerslikeChinesefood.许多西方人宠爱中国食物odaddidntwantmylittlesistertogoonadietthoughshewasveryheavythen.爸爸不想让我的小妹妹减肥尽管她那时很胖。构词解析：diet:n饮食，日常食物；dieter:n承受食物疗法的人;减肥者;dietary:adj饮食的，规定饮食的P
4、raCtiCePUtthefoIlOWingsentencesintoChinese.1.shedidnteatmuchdinnerbecausesheisonadietnow._2.thedoctortoldhimtotakeafat-freediet_keyforreference!.她这顿饭没吃多少，因为她此时此刻正在节食。2.大夫让他进展无脂饮食疗法。2.fit:(l).adj.ingoodhealth,especiallybecauseofregularphysicalexercise;suitableorsuitedforsb/sth;goodenoughforsbsth.安康的；
5、相宜的；相宜的e.g.dortyoufeelfit?你身体状况不好吗？thewaterisn,tfittodrink.这水不适合喝o(2).vi,vttobetherightsizeandshapeforsomeoneorsomething;toputasmallpieceofequipmentintoaplace,oranewpartontoamachine,sothatitisreadytobeused相宜；安装e.g.thisjacketfitsherWeH.她的夹克特别合身。shefittedanewlampinherbedroom.她在卧房安装了一盏新灯o常用短语：keepfit保持
6、安康befitfor./befittodo适合做e.g.mygrandfatherkeepsfitbytakingawalkeveryday.我祖父通过每天闲逛来保持安康。Whatkindofjobishefitfor?他适合做什么样的工作?（4）.词语辨析：fit和SUitfit作动词时，多指大小、形态相宜，吻合；SUit多指符合须要，合（某人）之意，或（衣服、型式等）与相配。fit作形容词时，可与SUitabIe（相宜的）互换,befitfor/todo.=besuitablefor/todo.oe.g.trythiskeyandseewhetheritfits.试试这把钥匙，看看是否相宜
7、。（指thekey和thekeyhole是否吻合）Vmafraidthistimedoesntsuitme.生怕这个时间对我来说不相宜。构词解析：fit,vtvi相宜；adj.相宜的；n合身；合身的衣服；fitness,n,适当，适合；安康；Unfitadj.不适当的；Vt.使不适当practicecorrectthemistakesinthefollowingsentences.l.herjeanssuitalittlebittighter.2. thecoloroftheshirtdoesntfityou.keyforreferencel.suit改成fit,（她的牛仔裤有点紧）2.fit
8、改成suit（这件衬衫的颜色不适合你）3.rare.adj.notoftenhappeningorseen,etc;unusual稀有的；宝贵的rarelyadv,notoften,seldom很少；难得rarely和hardly,never,Iittle7none,nothing等词一样，属于否认意义的词，表否认意义的词或短语置于句首时，后面的句子应当局部倒装，即主语要放在be动词、情态动词、助动词的后面。e.g.snowisquiterareinmyhometown.在我的家乡下雪是罕见的。weshouldprotectrareanimals.我们应当疼惜珍稀动物。itisrareforh
9、ertowearskirts.她很少穿裙子。irarelywatchtvnow.我此时此刻很少看电视。heisrarelyIate.他很少迟至rarelydoessheeatmeat,她很少吃肉。rarelydoidrinkwinethesedays.这些天来，我很少喝酒。构词解析：rare,adj,罕见的；稀有的；rarely,adv,很少；难得；rareness,n,稀有；珍奇；（空气等的）淡薄拓展：表示频率的副词：always总是，usually通常，frequently/Often经常，sometimes有时，occasionally有时，seldom/rarely彳艮少，never从
10、不practicerewritethefollowingsentenceswithoutchangingthemeaning.l.ihaverarelyseensuchabeaut讦Ulsunset.seensuchabeautifulsunset.2.heisrarelyill.ill.keyforreferencel.rarelyhavei2.rareishe.4.toothachen.czupaininatoothorteeth.牙痛e.g.vegotatoothache.我牙痛。hehadabadtoothache.他的牙痛得厉害。构词解析：ache（n）难受，和表示身体部位的单词结合
11、构成复合词，例如：aheadache头痛，（a）toothache牙痛，（a）backache背（腰）痛，（an）earache耳痛，（a）stomachache胃痛practiceputthesesentencesintherightordertomakeupadialogue.a.p:imustseethedentist（牙医）now,nurse.b.n:Vmafraidhecan,t.can/tyouwaittillthisafternoon?c.p:that,sverylate,canthedentistseemenow?d.n:thedentistisverybusyatthemom
12、ent,canyoucomeat2.p.m.?e.p:icanwait,butmytoothachecan,t!l.2.3.4.5.keyforreferencel._a2._d_3._c_4.b_5._e5.unhealthyadj.nothavingornotshowinggoodhealth；harmfultohealth担忧康的;有害安康的。e.g.thatisanunhealthydiet.那是担忧康的饮食。theairinthisareaisunhealthyforPeOPIe.这地区的空气对人们的安康不利。构词解析：unhealthy.adj.担忧康的；health,nu安康；h
13、ealthy.adj.安康的practicecompletethefollowingsentences1.theyarewellfedsotheyarevery.（安康的）.2.mygrandmotherenjoysgood（安康）thoughsheisover80.3.manychildreninthisvillagelookthin,paleand(担忧康的)keyforreferencel.healthy2.health3.unhealthy.6.wealthyadj.havingwealth,rich富有的；有财产的e.g.shewantstomarryawealthyman.她想嫁一
14、个有钱人。mygoalinlifeisnottobewealthybecausetruewealthcomesfromgoodhealth.我生活中的目标不是变得富有，因为真正的财产来源于好的安康。构词解析：wealthy.adj.富有的;wealth,n.u财产awealthOf大量的practicetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoenglish.1.学问就是财产。2.他哥哥是个富有的生意人。keyforreferencel.knowledgeiswealth.2.hiselderbrotherisawealthybusinessman.7.anxious
15、,(l)adj.feelinganxiety;worried;uneasy;stronglywishingSthJeagerforsth.忧虑的,担忧的；渴望的e.g.sheisveryanxiousabouthermothershealth.她很担忧母亲的安康状况。weareanxiousforyoursafereturn.我们渴望你平安归来。常用短语：beanxiousaboutfor.为担忧beanxiousforsth/todosth渴望某事/做某事beanxiousforsbtodosth渴望某人做某事e.g.thesestudentswereanxioustoknowtheresu
16、ltoftheexam.这些学生急于知道考试成果。sophiawasanxiousforallherfriendstoattendherbirthdayParty.索菲娅渴望她全部挚友参与她的生日聚会。构词解析：anxious.adj.忧虑的；渴望的;anxiety,n.忧虑，担忧；渴望;anxiously,adv.忧虑地；practicetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.kenisanxioustoseehisgirlfriend.2.“areyouallright?”Sheaskedanxiously.3. iamanxiousabou
17、thersafety.4.hisgreatanxietyforknowledgeledhimtoworkhard._keyforreference1.肯渴望见到他的女挚友。2-你还好吗？她担忧地问道。3.我担忧她的平安。4.他猛烈的求知欲促使他努力学习。8.injure.(1)vt.hurt(sb);harm使受伤；损害e.g.luckily,hewasonlyslightlyinjuredinthisaccident.幸运的是，他在这次事故中只受了一点轻伤。ihopeididntinjureyourfeeling.我盼望我没有损害你的感情。(2)定冠词(the)+形容词(adj.)表示一类人
18、或事物，因此，theinjured表示受伤的人、e.g.thenumberoftheinjuredamountedtoover101.受伤人数总idfc百零一多。构词解析：injurevt损害，受伤;injury.n.损害，损害;injured.adj.受伤的，受损害的词语辨析：hurt,injure,harm,damage和WOUndhUrt平凡用语，既可指肉体上的损害，也可精神上，感情上的损害。e.g.thedriverhurthimselfbadlyintheaccident.那位司机在那次事故中伤得很重。injure比hurt正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure那么指损害安康，成就，
19、容貌等，强调功能的损失。e.g.abulletinjuredhislefteye.一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。harm用于肉体或精神上的损害均可，有时可指引起担忧或不便，还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。e.g.don,tharmyoureyesbyreadingindimlight.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损害眼睛。damage主要指对于物的损害，强调对于价值，用途，外观等所造成的损失，这种损失或因自然灾难所致,或因人为造成。e.g.hedamagedmycarwithastone.他用石头砸坏了我的汽车。WOUnd指枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的，紧要的伤，特指战场上受伤，它可以
20、指肉体上的损害，也可指人们精神上的创伤。e.g.thebulletwoundedhisarm.子弹打伤了他的一只胳膊。practicecompletethefollowingsentencesl.thisstrongearthquake（使受伤）manypeopleinjapan.2.atleastsevenpeople（受伤的）inthisexplosion.3.hebecamedisabledasaresultofan（损害）thatyear.4.all21（受伤的人）weresenttohospitalimmediately.keyforreferencel.injured2.werei
21、njured3.injury4.injured9.pain（l）nsuffering;greatdiscomfortofthebodyormind难受；苦痛e.g.theboywascryingwithpain.这男孩正因犯难受而哭着。theyoungmanbrokehisarmandcriedwithPain刃B个年轻人摔断手臂，痛得大叫。固定构造：beinpain处于难受中e.g.sheisingreatPain.她深为苦痛。（3）.vt.tocausetofeelpaininthemind,hurt.使难受；使苦痛e.g.itpainsmetohavetoleave,butimust.不
22、得不离开,我很苦痛,但是我必需这样。myfootisstillpainingme.我的脚还在痛。pains.n.辛苦；努力常用句型：takepainstodosth:tomakeaspecialefforttodosth,ortobeverycarefulindoingSth.不辞劳苦做某事e.g.shetookgreatpainstoloseweight.她挖空心事得减肥。构词解析：pain,n;vt.难受；使苦痛;PainfIlI.adj.引起苦痛的；使难受的；PainIeSS.adj.无痛的;PainfUHyadv.难受地;苦痛地;painkillern止痛药;painstakingad
23、j.不辞劳苦的词语辨析：Pairbache和hurt这三个词都和难受有关。ache和Pain多作名词,hurt只能作动词。作动词时，hurt多用作不及物动词，作及物动词时，表示“（外物）损害（某人）；使难受；ache为不及物动词，指（人）身体难受，往往用于持续的难受或因一些小病引起的感觉；Pain为及物动词，指“（肉体或精神上的）苦痛、哀思，比ache要紧要些。e.g.myinjuredarmhurtsalot.我受伤的胳膊很疼。theshoesaretightandhurtmyfeet.这双鞋很紧使我的脚感至U难受。hiSbaCkPainShimmUch.他的背很痛。（非外物导致，故本句不宜
24、用hurt）practicerewritethefollowingsentenceswithoutchangingthemeaning.1.ihaveapaininmyheadihavea.1.shehasanearache.shehaskeyforreferencel.headache2.apaininhisear.10.normal（l）adj,accordingtowhatisexpected,usualoraverage;（ofaperson）developingintheexpectedway.正常的，标准的；智力正常的e.g.heisanormalchildineveryWay.他
25、在各方面都是一个正常的孩子。weepingisanormalresponsetoPain.哭泣是苦痛的正常反响。（2卜常用短语及句型：above/belownormal高出/低于正常水平returntonormal/bebacktonormal复原正常itisnormalforsbtodosth做某事对某人来说是正常的e.g.hertemperatureisabovenormal.她的体温高于正常标准。everythinghasreturnedtonormalaftertheearthquake.地震过后，一切已经复原了正常。itsperfectlynormaltogetdepressedso
26、metimes.有时候心情消沉是完全正常的。构词解析：normal,adj.正常的；normalize.v.使正常化;使标准化;normally.adv.通常,一般情形（USUaHy）;normalityn.正常，常态；normalization,n.标准化；正常化;abnormal.adj.反常的；不正常的PraCtiCemultiplechoice.1.trainservicesarenowbacktoafterlastweek,sStrike（罢工）anormalb.normallyc.normalityd.normalize2.thefactorynowisrunningagain.a
27、.normalb.normallyc.normalityd.normalizekeyforreferencel.a2.b.11.lifestylen.c.uawayofliving,awayofIife.生活方式e.g.hehastherighttochoosehisownlifestyle.他有权选择自己的生活方式。构词解析：IifeStyIe是life(生活)和style(方式)构成的合成词，又如：hairstyle(hairdo)发型lifetime生涯；终生lifeboat救生艇etc.practicetranslatethefollowingcompoundsintochinese.
28、l.lifelike2.lifelong3.life-sized4.lifeguard5.Iifeworkkeyforreferencel.生动的，活灵活现的2.终生的，一生的3.与实物大小一样的4.救生员5.终身事业12.breathe(l)vt.vi.totake(air,gas,etc,)intothelungsandsenditoutagain.呼吸e.g.fishcannotbreatheoutofWater.鱼离开了水无法呼吸。thedoctortoldmetobreatheindeeplyandbreatheoutslowly.医生告知我先深吸一口气然后渐渐呼出来。hebecam
29、eillafterbreathing(in)coaldustformanyyears.因常年吸入煤粉，他病了。(2)常用短语：breathein吸入；吸气breatheagain/freely(惊惶后)松一口气“breathe的名词形式breath可构成以下短语：takeadeepbreath做一次深呼吸；holdonesbreath屏住呼吸；SaVeone,sbreath不要白费唇舌;wasteonesbreath奢侈唇舌；loseonesbreath喘不过气来；outofbreath/shortofbreath喘不过气来构词解析：breathev呼吸；喘气；breath.n.呼吸；气息；b
30、reathless,adj.喘不过气的；心惊胆战的practicetranslatethefollowingintochinese.l.heransofastthathewasoutofbreath.2.Iefsgooutandbreathethefreshair.3.thepatientsbreathgrewstronger._4.hetookadeepbreathandjumpedintothewater.keyforreferencel.他跑的太快以至于喘不过气来。2.咱们出去呼吸新奇空气吧！3.病人的呼吸强些了。4.他深吸了一口气，然后跳入水中。ii.backgroundasoundw
31、aydevelopasensibleapproach(1)toeating,thereareseveralstepsyoucantakeforahealthyfoodattitude(2):1. eatslowly2. eatatregulartimes3. holdyourbetween-mealsnacking(3)toaminimum4. chooseamixofnutritious(5)foods5. picklower-fatoptions(6)whenyoucan,suchaslow-fatmilkinsteadofwholemilk.6. watchthesizeofyourpo
32、rtions(7)(nottoomuchortoolittle)7. resist(8)goingbackforadditional(9)food8. keepawayfromfastfoods9. keephealthysnackslikefruitinyourroom10. replace(10)empty-caloriesoftdrinkswithwaterorotherhealthierdrinkseatbreakfasthealthexperts(11)warnthatyourmemoryandiq(12)getlowerifyoudonteatinthemorningforsome
33、time,itisabadhabitthatwillplantabadseedinyourbodyandyouwillpayforitinyourlateryears,remember,eatingwellinthemorningwillgiveyouenoughenergyfortheday;otherwiseyourstudyandworkefficiency(13)willlower.avoidgaining(14)weightgoodhabitslikeabalanceddiet,regularexerciseandgettingenoughsleeparegoodforyou.the
34、ycanalsohelpyoustayhealthyandavoidproblemslater.adopting(15)somesimplepracticescanhaveabiginfluence(16)todayandyearsfromnow.avoidbadhabitstakecontrolofyourlifestyle,limittheamountofalcohol(17)youdrink,nevermakeexcusesforexcessdrinking,goodcommunicationskillsandawidehumannetworkhavenothingtodowithexc
35、essdrinking,ifyoudodrink,doitinsmallamounts(18).excessdrinkingwillnotonlyleadtohealthproblems,buttoalowermood(19)wheneveryoufaceanyproblems,anditcanthelpsolvetheproblemyoumayhave.smokingisanotherbadhabit,justlikedrinking,althoughsomepeoplesaycigarettescan,tosomedegree,reducethestress(20)andmakethemm
36、anly,cigarettescanalsodestroyyourappetite,smokingcanmakeexerciseandevennormalactivitysuchaswalkingacrossschoolorclimbingstairsmoredifficult?nottomentioncausingheartandlungproblemsandincreasingyourriskofcancer,manysmokerswhogiveitupfindtheyhavemoreenergy,sodonotthinkthatSrnOkingiSintereSting.注解:.明智方法
37、.看法(3).小吃(4).最小程度(5).养分的(6).选择.(食物的)一份.抗拒(9).额外的(IO).替代(11).专家(12).智商(13).效率(14).增加(15).接受(16)影响(171酒（18）.数量（19卜心情（20）,压力iii.languageStudyl.whenzhoukai,smothersawhimheadingtowardsthefrontdoorwithoutajacketonsheeyedhimanxiously.=whenzhoukai,smothersawhimwalkingtowardsthefrontdoor,shelookedathimworrie
38、dlybecausehedidntwearhisjacket.妈妈看到周凯没穿夹克就向前门走去，担忧地盯着他。（1）headvi.vt.togoormakesomethingdoinacertaindirection走向，朝方向前进；使朝方向前进e.g.weheadedtheboatouttosea.我们把船驶向外海。-whereareyouheadingfor?-shanghai.-你去哪里？-上海heisheadingfortrouble.他会遭受麻烦的。herealizedthathewasheadinginthewrongdirection他意识到他正朝错误的方向走。（2）withou
39、tajacketon:notwearingajacket,没穿夹克，其中On是副词，表示穿戴着。With（WithoUt）+名词（代词）+分词（形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语），表示一种伴随状态,在句中作状语。e.g.theyoungmanwalkedinwithahuntingdogfollowinghim.这个年轻人走了进来，后面跟着一条猎犬。don,tspeakwithyourmouthfull.不要满嘴食物说话。heranoutwithoutshoeson.他没穿鞋子跑了出来。thebosshadahardtimewithmanytoughproblemstosolve.有许多麻烦问题
40、要解决，这位老板日子很难受。Shesaidgood-byewithtearsinhereyes.她眼含泪水说再见。practicetranslatethesentencesintoChinese.1.theyareheadinghome.2.shewasheadingtowardsthepostoffice.3.wemanagedtogetitbackwithoutherknowing.4.johnsonboughtamagazinewithmanypicturesinit.keyforreferencel.他们朝家的方向走。2.她正朝邮局走去。3.我们设法把它放回去，没让她知道。4.约翰逊买
41、了一本杂志，里面有许多图画。2.youcanatleastgoandgetyourjacket,=ifyouinsistongoingouttoplayfootball,goandgetyourjacket.你至少可以去拿上你的夹克衫。at(the)least至少at(the)most至多not(in)theleast(notatall)一点也不e.g.youshouldatleasthaveatry.至少你应当试一试。theboyisatmosttenyearsOId.这男孩至多十岁。-doyoumindifismoke?-no,notintheleast.-我吸烟你介意吗？-不,一点也不。
42、practicetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.evenifyoucannothelphim,youcangivehimencouragementatleast.2. thebookwillcostmeatleast10dollars.3. youarenotdisturbingmeintheleast.4. -一areyoucold?-一no,notintheleast.keyforreference.就算你不能帮助他，至少你可以鼓舞他。2.这本书至少要10美元。3.你一点也没有打搅我。4.-你冷吗？-一点也不冷。3.mymotherh
43、asalwaysmadesureweeatveryhealthily,=mymotherhasalwaystriedherbestsothatwecanhaveahealthydiet.我妈妈总是想方设法让我们吃得安康。makesure:tofindoutifsomethingistrueorcheckthatsomethinghasbeendone;.todosomethingsothatyoucanbecertainoftheresult把某事请弄清晰；,确保常用构造：makesureof.makesure(that).makesuretodo.e.g.hesaidhewoulddoany
44、thinghecouldtomakesureofmyhappiness.他说他将尽其所能来确保我的华蜜。mothermadesurethatshehadturnedoffallthelightsbeforeshewenttobed.母亲在睡觉前确定她已经关掉了全部的灯。makesuretolockthedoorbeforeyougoOUt出去之前必须要锁上门。拓展：besureof和besurethat一样，主语是人，主语感到“有把握；确信；besuretodo的主语可以是人，也可以是物，表示说话人推想“必需；势必会。e.g.i,msureofwinningthegame.我有把握能赢得竞赛。
45、we,resurethathewillbebacksoon.我们确信他会很快回来。sallyissuretorefusehim.沙莉必需会拒绝他的。thismovieissuretorelaxyou.这部电影必需会让你放松的。practicetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoenglish.l请你查明他是否回来了，好吗？2到达时,你必须要给我打电话。3他必需会胜利。4这些故事必需会逗笑她的。keyforreferencelwillyoumakesureofhisreturn?2makesurethatyouphonemewhenyouarrive.3heiss
46、uretosucceed.4thesestoriesaresuretoamuseher(makeherlaugh).4.idonthaveasweettooth.=idontlikeeatingsweetorsugarythings.我不爱吃甜食。haveasweettooth:likeeatingsweetorsugarythings.爱吃甜食e.g.ihaveasweettooth.我爱吃甜食。practicetranslatethefollowingsentencesintochinese.l.ihadameattooth.2.hehasarunningnose.keyforrefere
47、ncel.我偏爱肉类食物。2.他流鼻涕。5.drathereatanicepieceoffruit.=iprefertoeatanicepieceoffruit.我宁愿吃一片美味的水果。wouldratherdosth:prefertodosth宁愿做做某事e.g.iwouldrathergiveupthischance.我宁愿放弃这次时机。hewouldrathergothereonfoot.他宁愿步行去那里。whichwouldyouratherdo,gotothecinemaorgoforameal?你宁愿做什么，去看电影还是去吃饭？拓展：(2)WOUldratherdo.thando.
48、宁愿做而不愿做e.g.iwouldrathertakeabusthantakeataxi.我宁愿坐公交车也不愿坐计程车。(3)wouldrathersbdidsth宁愿某人做某事e.g.shewouldratherherfriendcameonsunday.她宁愿她的挚友星期天来。iwouldratheryoudidnztsmokeinmyroom.我盼望你不要在我的房间吸烟。(4)ratherthan而不是(通常连接两个并列构造)e.g.ithinki,llhaveacolddrinkratherthancoffee.我想喝冷饮，不想喝咖啡。Ydprefertogoinsummerrathe
49、rthaninwinter.我宁愿夏天去，也不愿冬天去。shewouldtakemoreexerciseratherthangoonadiet.她宁愿多做运动也不愿节食。practicecorrectthemistakesinthefollowingsentences.l.Iisawouldratherarrivinghomelatethanstayinahotel.2. iwouldrathershegivesmeabook.3. hewouldratherstartingoffearlytomorrowmorning.4.iwouldrathersaysorrytohimthanlostagoo
