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1、几组代词的用法,other,the other,another与others的用法这些不定代词不仅在含义上有单复数之分,而且在用法上有泛指(无the)和特指(有the)之别。其用法区别可归纳如下:1.指单数时的区别若泛指用another,若特指用 the other。如:Give me another(one).另外给我一个。Shut the other eye,please.请把另一只眼睛也闭上。2.指复数时的区别若泛指用 other(后接复数名词),若特指用the other(后接复数名词)。如:There are other ways of doing it.Where have the
2、 other students gone?,3.others的用法它永远表示复数意义(且其后不能再接名词)。其用法大致相当于“other+复数名词”,同样地 the others 大致相当于“the other复数名词”。如:Other people Others may not think that way.别的人可能不这样想。He is cleverer than the others the other students in her class.他比班上其他学生聪明。4.another的用法一般只能表单数,且其后接名词也只能接单数名词。但是若其后有数词或 few 修饰时,则也可接复数名
3、词。如:We need another few chairs.我们还需要几把椅子。In another two weeks itll be finished.再过两个星期就可做完了。,替代词it,that,(the)one(s),those的用法1.it和that的用法两者都可替代“the+单数名词(可数或不可数)”,均表特指,但it指前面提到的“同一”事物,而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。如:The Parkers bought a new house but _will need a lot of work before they can move in.A.they B.it C.
4、one D.which解析:答案选B。it替代“the+house”,指的就是前面提到的the Parkers所买的那座新房子。Few pleasures can equal _ of a cool drink on a hot day.A.some B.any C.that D.those解析:答案选C。that替代the pleasure,指与前面提到的同属“快乐的事”。,2.替代词one的用法one用以替代“a单数可数名词”,表示泛指。特指的the one相当于that;the one复数形式the ones,在口语中也常用those代替;当后面有of短语时,一般用that或those,
5、当有前置修饰语时,只能用one(s),如the red one。one(s),the one(s),those,that都是替代“同类”事物,其中只有that可替代不可数名词。如:We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen.So Peter made _ from some wood we had.A.it B.one C.himself D.another解析:答案选B,one替代a cupboard。,Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _who had already taken
6、them.A.the ones B.ones C.some D.the others解析:答案选A,后面的定语从句是特指,the ones替代 the pupils。此处也可用those。,替代词that与those的用法区别that用作替代词主要用于替代“the+单数名词(可数或不可数)”,表特指。如:A dogs intelligence is much greater than that of a cat.狗的智慧比猫的高得多。A grandparents job is easier than that of a parent.祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。those用作替代词主要
7、作于替代复数名词,表特指。Its up to us to help those in need.我们有责任帮助那些有困难的人。It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy.据说吃得最多的人身体最差。Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in.只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。,注:替代词that与代词it的用法不同,it主要指前面提到的“同一”事物,而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。同样地,替代词those与代词they用法也不同,they主要指前面提到的“
8、同一”事物,而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。,替代词ones与the ones的用法区别ones主要用于替代复数名词,表泛指;若需特指,则用the ones。如:If you havent got a big plate,two small ones will do.如果没有大盘子,两个小盘也行。We still have shortcomings,and very big ones too.我们还有缺点,而且是很大的缺点。Do you know the ones who moved here recently?你认识最近搬到这儿来的那些人吗?The top front teeth ar
9、e the ones which are most at risk from tooth decay.上门齿是最容易受到腐蚀的牙齿。,关系代词as与which的用法区别引导非限制性定语从句时,有时两者可互换。如:I live a long way from work,as which you know.我住得离工作单位很远,这你是知道的。1.通常要用as的场合当从句位于主句前面时,只用 as。如:As is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.月球每月绕地球转一周,这是每个人都清楚的。用于su
10、ch,as,the same后引导限制性定语从句时,只能用as。如:I never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过他讲那样的故事。This is the photo which shows my house.这张照片拍的是我的住宅。,2.两者的细微区别as引导的非限制性定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致,which无此限制。如:He went abroad,as which was expected.他出国了,这是大家预料到的。He went abroad,which was unexpected.他出国了,这让大家感到很意外。(不用as)as引导非限制
11、性定语从句时,先行词通常不能是主句中某个具体的词,而应是整个句子、整个短语或某个短语推断出来的概念,而which 则无此限制。如:The river,which flows through London,is called the Thames.这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as),当as引导非限制性定语从句作主语时,其谓语通常应是连系动词,而不宜是其他动词,而 which则无此限制。如:She has married again,as which seemed natural.她又结婚了,这似乎很自常。She has married again,which delighted us.她又
12、结婚了,这使我们很高兴。(不用as),替代词one与the one的用法区别one 用作替代词主要用于替代“a单数可数名词”,表泛指;若需特指,则用 the one。如:A fast train is one that goes fast.快车是一种行驶快的火车。The accident was similar to one that happened in 2008.这个事故与发生在2008年的事故类似。Open the drawer on the left,the one with a key in it.打开左边的抽屉,上面有钥匙的那个。Here are six rings.Pick o
13、ut the one you like best.这里有六枚戒指,选出你最喜欢的一枚。I want very much to see these films,especially the one you mentioned.我很想看这些电影,特别是你提到的那一部。注:the one与that均可表特指,但前者只用于替代单数可数名词,而后者则可用于替代可数或不可数名词。,no one,nobody与none 的用法区别1.从所指代的名词来看no one=nobody,两者均只能指人不指物,且其后不可接表示范范围的of短语;而none 既可指人也可指物,且其后通常要接表示范围的of短语。如:Alm
14、ost no one nobody believed her.几乎没有人相信她的话。None of the keys would open the door.这些钥匙哪一把也开不开这个门。2.从单复数意义来看no one=nobody均表示单数意义,用作主语时,谓语动词也用单数;而none用作主语时,若指不可数名词,谓语只能用单数,若指可数名词,则谓语可用单数(较正式)也可用复数(用于非正式文体)。如:None of this money is mine.这钱都不是我的。None of my friends is are interested.我的朋友没有一个感兴趣。,3.从否定的范围来看no
15、ne通常否定的是一种数量,即指数量上“一个也没有”,而 no one 或 nobody 则往往表示一种全面否定,即指“谁都没有”。如:I wanted some more coffee but there was none left.我想再喝点咖啡,但一点都不剩了。You mustnst spend so much money.Yousll soon have none left.你不要花这么多钱,很快你就会一文莫名的。“Is there any milk left?”“No,there is none left.”“还有没有剩下牛奶?”“没有,一点儿也没剩。”注:正因为none否定的是一种数
16、量,所以在回答 how many 或 how much 的提问时,通常用 none,而在回答 who 的提问时,通常用 no one 或 nobody。,2.常用惯用表达one.the other表示“(两者中的)一个另一个”。如:What I say goes in at one ear and out at the other.我说话他是一只耳朵进,另一只耳朵出。one.the others表示“(好几个中的)一个其余都”。如:Of their five children,one is in China and the others are abroad.他们有五个小孩,一个在中国,其余的
17、都在国外。注:若为三者,想要表示“一个另一个剩下的一个”,可用one.another.the other the third.;若为四者,可用one.another.another a third.the other the fourth,the last。,some.the others表示“一些其他一些的”。如:The search party was divided into two groups.Some went to the right,the others went to the left.搜寻小组一分为二,一部分向右,另一部分人向左。someothers表示“有的有的”。如:S
18、ome people build while others destroy.有些人建设而另一些人则破坏。注:该结构也可说成somesome。如:Some of us agree,some disagree.我们有些人同意,有些人不同意。,有关人称代词排序的几点说明请看下面这个句子:_ are of the same age.A.You,he and I B.I,you and heC.I,he and youD.He,I and you 此题应选A。其余都可能被误选。关于人称代词的排列,这是一个比较复杂的问题,有时可能根据不同的语境或说话的强调点等的不同,而有所变化。但是作为一般的原则,以下几
19、点排列习惯是英语学习者要注意的。如:1.单数人称代词的排列,通常是二、三、一。如:You,he and I are all middle school students.你,他和我都是中学生。They will come to see you,Jim and me off.他们要来为你,吉姆和我送行。,2.复数人称代词的排列,通常是一、二、三。如:We,you and they are all good citizens.我们,你们和他们都是好公民。We,you and they can go together.我们,你们和他们可以一起去。3.第三人称单数男女并排时,通常是男先女后。如:Nobody wanted to go except him and her.除了他和她外,没有一个人想去。4.当要承担责任或涉及不好事件时,通常是一、三、二。如:I,he and you will be punished for doing that.我,他和你都要因做这事而受惩罚。I,he and you made the mistakes.这些错误是我,他和你犯下的。,