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1、第三章 汉译英的过程,Company Logo,2,Teaching objectives：使学生了解汉译英的过程Teaching Focus：翻译的一般程序，汉译英中的理解与表达，指称意义和蕴涵意义Time Allocation：90 minutes Teaching Methods and Strategies:teacher presentation and class discussion,Company Logo,3,Teaching Procedures,1、翻译的一般程序2、汉译英中的理解与表达3、翻译单位4、符号学三角理论（the Semiotic Triangle）5、指称意
2、义和蕴涵意义,Company Logo,4,1、翻译的一般程序,译前准备工作(preparation)理解与表达(working)校核(checking),Company Logo,5,2、汉译英中的理解与表达,原文表层结构 Source languageSurface structure 解读（分析）Analyzing 信息（意义）Message(meaning),译文表层结构Target languageSurface structure,组织（重构）restructuring,Company Logo,6,3、翻译单位,词(word)短语(phrase)句子(sentence)段落(pa
3、ragraph)篇章(text),Company Logo,7,关于段落：应尽量保持原状关于句子：语义是判断依据 句子内部的信息点,Company Logo,8,子夜片段,从西南开来到南京路口的一路电车正冲着那对头风挣扎；它那全身的窗子就象害怕了似的扑扑地跳个不住。终于电车在华懋饭店门口那站头上停住了，当先下来一位年青时髦女子，就象被那大风卷了去似的直扑过马路，跳上华懋饭店门前的石阶级。,A No.1 tram running from the southwest towards the Bund to the end of Nanjing Road was battling with the
4、 powerful head-wind and its windows rattled noisily as if trembling with fear.It finally came to a halt at the stop in front of the Cathay Hotel,and a fashionably-dressed young woman got off.She ran straight across the road as if driven forward by the wind and flew up the stone steps in front of the
5、 hotel.,嘎嘎作响,止步；停,Company Logo,9,4、符号学三角理论,Thought or Reference（思想或所指关系）概念 Symbol 间接的联系 Referent(符号）（所指）语言 客观世界,Company Logo,10,符号学的三分法,句法学（研究言内意义）语义学（研究指称意义）语用学（研究语用意义）,词语成分之间、句子成分之间和篇章成分之间的关系所反映的意义。它在语音、词汇、句子和篇章等层次均有体现,词语、句子和篇章反映的客观世界,语言符号与使用者的关系，是语言符号对人产生的影响,Company Logo,11,言内意义,音系层面：平仄；双声；叠词；头韵；
6、押韵语法层面：最不突出，因为可以预见词汇层面：双关语；一语双叙；词语的前后呼应句子层面：平行结构；反复；排比；对偶；顶真；回环篇章层面：篇章的层次、段落的排列组合、句式的变化、布局的和谐、语义的连贯、自然的衔接等。,Company Logo,12,指称意义,词的确切和字面的意义（strict and literal meaning）-陆国强现代英语词汇学包袱指称意义和字面意义的重叠与交错 Indian meal 印第安饭-玉米粥；玉米粉 Indian summer 印第安夏天-小阳春 American Beauty 美国佳丽-月月红 German wool 德国毛线-细毛线,用布包起来的包儿,
7、相声等曲艺节目中的笑料,指称意义也不完全等同于“词典意义”。,如：玉,Company Logo,13,语用意义,表征意义：话语中揭示发讯人身份及其地理、历史和阶级背景、年龄、在交际中的态度等等的成份。表达意义：语言符号的情感内容及其表达发讯人个性或个人创造性的成份。联想意义：语言符号唤起的联想以及它所暗示的、或者作为它一部分的概念和印象。祈使意义：发讯人企图改变收讯人行为或心态的意向，具体表现为命令、敦促、说服或乞求。社交意义：又叫“情境意义”、“人际意义”，是语言符号同建立、保持某种社会关系有关的方面。,Company Logo,14,符号学的翻译原则,在译语句法和惯用法规范以及具体接受者能
8、够接受的限度之内，采用适当的变通和补偿手段，以保证特定上下文中最重要的意义优先传译为前提，尽可能多和正确地传递原语信息的多重意义，以争取原文和译文最大限度的等值。,Company Logo,15,5、指称意义和蕴涵意义,指称意义也叫所指意义、认知意义，指词与所指客体、思想或行为之间的直接关系。蕴涵意义，也称情感意义，指词内含的情感和联想意义.主要体现在词语的修辞色彩、文体特征、文化内涵等方面。,denotation,designative meanings,cognitive meaning,referential meaning,conceptual meaning,connotation,
9、affective meaning,implied meaning,suggested meaning,Company Logo,16,指称意义的理解和表达,英军胜利地登上了小岛。a.The British army climbed onto the island successfully.b.The British army landed on the island successfully.他对事情的进展情况也还满意。He is quite satisfied with the way things went.南京的风俗：但凡新媳妇进门，三日就要到厨下收拾一样菜，发个利市。这菜一定是鱼，取
10、“富贵有余”的意思。The custom in Nanjing is for all brides to invite good luck by going to the kitchen on the third day and cooking a fish,which stands for fortune.,Company Logo,17,蕴涵意义的理解和表达,从贴切表达词语蕴涵意义的角度比较以下几组译文：他是个纸老虎。He is a paper tiger.咱们俩的事，一条绳上拴着两只蚂蚱-谁也跑不了！Were like two grasshoppers tied to one cord,
11、neither can get away!去设埋伏我们都没有信心，想他一定在昨天晚上就早溜了，今天去也是瞎子点灯白费蜡。We had no confidence in todays ambush because we were sure he had escaped last night.It seemed as useless as a blind man lighting a candle.,伏击，埋伏,Company Logo,18,蕴涵意义的理解和表达,克明：觉新哪，你听着！Keming:Juexin,I want you to pay particular attention to
12、this.在我的后园，可以看见墙外有两株树，一株是枣树，还有一株也是枣树。Behind the wall of my backyard you can see two trees.One is a date tree,the other is also a date tree.客人一走进大门，扑鼻的是一阵幽香，入目的是绿蜡似的叶子和红霞或白雪似的的花朵 As guests entered the gate,they would first smell a sweet fragrance and then see the waxy green leaves and the rainbow red or snow-white flowers.,似蜡的,Company Logo,19,Feedback from Students,今后需将课堂讲解的例子和要求学生自己完成的练习分开，各得其所。,
