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1、暨南大号JINANUNIVERSITY2023年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题A卷*招生专业与代码：英语语言文学（050201）,外国语言学及应用语言学（050211）考试科目名称及代码：外语（英）水平考试考试科目代码：706考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。PartI.GrammarandVocabulary（30points）Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthissection.Foreachsentencethereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonetha
2、tbestcompletesthesentenceandwriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.1. Thesuspectwasofthecrimewhenhewasfoundtnotguilty”bythecourt.A.adjournedB.acquittedC.ambushedD.appeased2. ButthemedicationproducedandIfeltconstantlyonthevergeofnausea.A.larkB.ledgeC.lassitudeD.loiter3. HeavyrainfallinthesouthofEnglandmeans
3、thatfloodingis.A.imminentB.momentousC.transientD.prospective4. Mrs.Hartleyhasahabitofaskingquestions.A. butthennottolistentotheanswersB. andthennotlistentotheanswersC. andthennotlisteningtotheanswersD. andthendoesn,tlistentotheanswers5. Whentheragehadpassedandhehadcometohimself,hewouldshowadeepandag
4、reehumblytoanypunishmentitwasproposedtoinflictonhim.A.penitenceB.perfidyC.perjuryD.pillage6. Heredityaccountsfor50%to60%ofawoman,stoalcoholism,aboutthesameasformen.A.devastationB.vulnerabilityC.pharmacyD.fibrosis7. Themurderofyoungchildrenwasacrimeandshouldbepunishedseverely.A.hoarseB.hecticC.haught
5、yD.heinous8. Thefloorisanwhite,almostbeautiful,and-mostimportant-empty.A.immaculateB.immenseC.impregnableD.impartial9. Thegreatestobstacletoeconomicandenvironmentalimprovementsinthedevelopingcountriesistheirforeigndebts.A.reminiscentB.degenerativeC.mammothD.ethical10. Itseemsthatallthosesubwaytokens
6、becamewhenNewYorkstartedusingmagneticcardsinstead.A.obsequiousB.obsoleteC.odiousD.ostensible11. Theytheirweekendsinthesuburb.A.nearlyalwaysspendB.nearlyarealwaysspendingC.spendnearlyalwaysD.nearlyalwaysarespending12. However,peopleremainedconcernedaboutthehighcostoffoodandothergoodsduetoinflation.A.
7、radicalB.remorsefulC.rampantD.remunerated13. Doctorsconsidergoingtobedearlytobemorehealthful.A.thantostayuplateB.thanstayinguplateC.tostayinguplateD.thanstayinguplate14. SeveraltimesadayinalabintheSwedishcityofLinkoping,roadaccidentsareandtheconsequencesareanalyzed.A.simulatedB.slanderedC.smearedD.s
8、nubbed15. Fear,whetherduetoaworkenvironment,jealousco-workers,oryourpersonalinsecurity,doesnotenhanceperformance.A.tipsyB.treacherousC.temporalD.tangible16. GeneralMotors,onceregardedasanE.V.leaderamongtraditionalcarmakers,wastracklastyearbyarecallofitselectricBolt.A.kickedoffB.turnedoffC.cutoffD.kn
9、ockedoff17. Thespherewasconstructedfromfiveconcentricrings,eachinscribedwithsymbols-thebull,thescorpion,etcetera-andseeminglyrandomnumbersandletters.A.zephyrB.zodiacC.zymeD.zest18. Thebulletsrainover,theyarenotfired,butshrewdlyaimedfromallsides.A.haphazardB.odiousC.haughtyD.handicapped19. thefinanci
10、almeanstoremainindependent,ThomasEdisonwascompelledtoseekemploymentasanighttelegraphoperator.A.HewasdeprivedofB.DeprivedofC.ThathewasdeprivedofD.Althoughhewasdeprivedof20. Fiveminuteslater,Zoehadmeoutfittedinaflannelshirtandjeansthreesizestoobig,brightredsneakers,andafloppyrainbowhat.A.oozedB.ragged
11、C.moppedD.mocked21. Soon,asweetsmokethroughtheairandintoitsnostrils.A.interceptedB.detestedC.saturatedD.wafted22. WhenJoeneedsatallladder,hewillborrow.A.hisneighborladderB.ladderofhisneighbor,sC.thatofhisneighbor,sD.onefromhisneighbor23. Recognizingillintentionsandmotivesinotherscanbedifficultforus.
12、A.ulteriorB.stationaryC.vulgarD.toxic24. Thelawalsoexpandedthepaymentstofamilieswithlowornoincome,providingfinancialforfamilies,manystillreelingfromflood-relatedjoblosses.A.tornadoB.salvationC.delinquencyD.momentum25. Theimaginationisimportant,asitallowsustoallkindsofpossibilitiesinthefutureandtound
13、erstandthepastinawaythathasrealsurvivalvalue.A.speakofB.complainofC.conceiveofD.approveof26. SecuritiesandExchangeCommissionswebsitehasawarningthatcanusesocialmedia“toappearlegitimate,tohidebehindanonymity,andtoreachmanypeopleatlowcost.”A.splintersB.sponsorsC.swindlersD.successors27. Moderna,whichha
14、smadebillionsofdollarsfromaCOVID-19vaccinebasedonmessengerRNAtechnology,lastweekaccuseditsmainrivalofthecompanyspatentsforasimilarmRNAshot.A.wadingB.invokingC.mufflingD.infringing28. Withtheintroductionoftheelectroniccomputer,thereisnocomplicatedproblemcanbesolvedinafewhours.A.thatB.whichC.butD.what
15、29. Whilethenewmodelmayhaveprovedcapableofhumanodorperceptionwhengivensinglemolecules,itwouldnotfaresowellintherealworld.A.embroideringB.riggingC.yelpingD.mimicking30. Yettheresearchonlivertransplantsandsurvivalratesforcannabisusersisfrustratingly.A.scribbledB.scrumptiousC.sedateD.scantPart II CIoze
16、(20points)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.Humansareluckytoliveahundredyears.Oaktreesmayliveathousand;mayflies,intheiradultform,asingleday.Buttheyareallaliv
17、einthesameway.Theyare1cellswhichembodyflowsofenergyandstoresofinformation.Theirmetabolismsmakeuseofthatenergy,2itfromsunlightorfood,tobuildnewmoleculesandbreakdownoldones,usingmechanismsdescribedinthegenesthey3andmay,ormaynot,passon.Itisthisendlesslyrepeated,neverquiteperfect4whichexplainswhyoaktree
18、s,humans,andeveryotherplant,fungusorsingle-celledorganismyouhaveeverseenorfeltthe5ofareallaliveinthesameway.Itisthemostfundamentalofallfamilyresemblances.Gofarenough6anycreature,sfamilytreeandyouwillfindanancestorthatsitsinyourfamilytree,too.Travelfurtherandyouwillfind7scientistscallthelastuniversal
19、common8,luca.Itwasnotthefirstlivingthing.Butitwastheonewhich9thelifethatexiststoday.Andthenthereareviruses.Invirusesthe10betweenmetabolismandgenesthatbindstogetheralllife11youarerelated,frombacteriatobluewhales,isbroken.Viralgeneshavenocells,nobodies,nometabolismoftheirown.The12particles,“virions”,i
20、nwhichthosegenescomepackaged-thedot-studdeddisksofcoronaviruses,thesinister,sinuouswindingsofEbola,thebacteriophageswiththeirscience-fictionlanding-legsthat13microbes-areentirelyinanimate.Anindividualanimal,orplant,embodiesandmaintainsthe14metabolismthatmadeit.Avirionisjustanarrangementofmatter.Thev
21、irusisnotthevirion.Thevirusisaprocess,notathing.Itistrulyaliveonlyinthecellsofothers,avirtualorganism15borrowedhardwaretoproducemorecopiesofitsgenome.Somebidetheirtime,lettingthecelltheysharethelifeof16.Othersimmediatelysetaboutproducingenoughvirionstosplittheirhostsfromstemtostem.Thevirushasnoplano
22、r17.Thesimplestpurposesofthesimplestlife一tomaintainthedifferencebetweenwhatisinsidethecellandwhatisoutside,to18onechemicalorawayfromanother-areentirelybeyondit.Itcopiesitselfinwhateverwayitdoessimplybecauseithascopieditselfthatwaybefore,inothercells,inotherhosts.Thatiswhy,askedwhethervirusesarealive
23、,EckardWimmer,achemistandbiologistwhoworksattheStateUniversityofNewYork,StonyBrook,offersayes-and-no.Viruses,hesays,tt19betweennonlivingandlivingphases”.Heshouldknow.In2002hebecamethefirstpersonintheworldtotake20nonlivingchemicalsandbuildavirionfromscratch-avirionwhichwasthenabletogetitselfreproduce
24、dbyinfectingcells.1.A.madefromB.madeforC.madeupofD.madeuseof2.A.beingB.tobeC.beenD.be3.A.inheritedB.influenceC.indicateD.in4.A.motionB.reproductionC.generosityD.blessing5.A.presenceB.wildnessC.preferenceD.regard6.A.ofB.inC.upD.with7.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where8.A.attendantB.avengerC.ancestorD.ancilla
25、ry9.A.adjustintoB.adapttoC.setthesealonD.setthetemplatefor10.A.operationB.linkC.eternityD.disease11.A.inwhichB.forwhichC.towhichD.aswhich12.A.heartyB.tinyC.hostileD.prudent13.A.takeoverB.digoutC.spongedownD.preyon14.A.restlessB.enlightenedC.fascinatedD.relentless15.A.runningtoB.runningatC.runningaga
26、instD.runningon16.A.liveonB.livingonC.liveatD.livingat17.A.argueB.desireC.gatherD.deny18.A.movetowardsB.moveonC.moveagainstD.moveover19.A.separateB.alternateC.balanceD.differentiate20.A.awayofB.akindofC.anarrayofD.asortofPart III ReadingComprehension(30points)Directions:Inthissection,therearethreepa
27、ssagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosethebestanswerandwritetheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.Questions1-5arebasedonthefollowingpassages.Passage1isadaptedfromJamesPlatt,Poverty,originallypublishedin1884.Passage2isadaptedfromWillReason,P
28、overty,originallypublishedin1909.Associetiesbecamemoreindustrializedandurbaninthelatenineteenthcentury,discussionsaroseregardingtherootcausesofpoverty.Passage1Theaimofcharitablepersonsshouldnotbesomuchthegivingwithmoneyinhand,orreligiousteachingontheirlips,asthesympathetic,friendlyintercourseofmanwi
29、thman,womanwithwoman,irrespectiveofclass,andactuatedbythedesiretostimulatehopeandenergy,andtoshowthelowestoutcastthattheworld,eventothem,maybemademoreenjoyable,iftheyhavethedesiretolivealifemoreinharmonywiththebetterpartoftheirnature;andsointime,bydegrees,asthechildistaughttowalk,stepbystep,wemayimp
30、rovethelowesttypesofhumanity.Toobtainbetterdwellingsforthepoor,itisessentialforthepoorerclasstofeelawantfor,andadesiretohave,housesbetter,cleaner,andmorewholesomethanthosetheynowinhabit.Toomany,atpresent,wantonlyandmaliciously,butmorefrequently,throughneglectandapathy,injurethehousesinwhichtheylive.
31、ManyOfthemPrefertobeuncomfortable.Themanormenthatarewantedtosolvethisdifficultquestion,theonlytrueorrealreformers,willbethosewhostudyhowtoalterthecharacter,estimateoflife,theidealofexistenceamongstthepoor.Fromtheclergyofalldenominations,fromeverymanwhohasinfluenceoverthemasses,wewantthemoralcouraget
32、otellthepoornottomarryuntiltheyareinapositiontosupportawifeandfamily,tobereasonablyindustrious,uniformlythrifty,andunswervinglysober.Therealreformer,theonlysaviorofsociety,isthemanwhowilltellthepoorhowtheymaybecomelessso,byteachingthemhowtoearnmoreorspendless,notbyrobbingothersofwhattheyhave.Wemustr
33、aisethestatusofthepoorerclass,improvetheirindividuality,givethemahighercharacter,andthuspreparethewayforawell-workinghumanitythatshouldresultinwell-workinginstitutions.Wemustregeneratetheentiresocialfabric,throughtheworkingofjusterlaws,pureraims,noblerinstincts-throughindividualcooperationofthemany,
34、asone,incontributingtothewelfareofall.Passage2Itisclear,therefore,thatthereadjustmentofdistributionmustbeeffectedthroughareadjustmentoftheownershipandmanagementoftheessentialfactorsofproduction.Itisnotpossibletoeffectthisreadjustmentonthebasisofunrestrictedcompetition,becauseinthecaseontheprimefacto
35、rofproduction,thelandmonopolyiscaused,notbyanyartificialarrangement,butbythesimplenaturalfactthatitisessentialandrestrictedinquantity.Theonlycoursethatremainsistofindsomewayofdemocratizingthemonopolyvalue,sothateveryonebenefitsbyhisdueshareofwhathasnotbeenmadebytheindustryofanyandisindispensabletoth
36、eindustryofall.Thiscannotbeeffectedbyparcelingitouttoindividuals,forveryobviousreasons.Itwouldhavetobecontinuallyredistributed,itwouldbeimpossibletoequatethevalueofthedifferentparts,andsuchdistributionwoulddestroyitsproductiveefficiency.Wethereforemustlooktosomemeansofcollectiveownershipanduseofthes
37、enaturalforces,andalsoofallthevaluethataccruesnotfromindividualenergy,industryorskill,butfromtheconditionswhichsocietyitselfaffords.uTodealwithcauseswemuststrikeattheerrorofdistribution,bygraduallysubstitutingpublicownershipforprivateownershipofthemeansofproduction.Innootherwaycanwesecureforeachwork
38、erinthehivethefullrewardofhislabor.Solongasbetweentheworkerandhisjustwagestandstheprivatelandlordandtheprivatecapitalist,solongwillpovertyremain,andnotpovertyalone,butthemoraldegradationswhichinevitablyarisefromthedevotionoflabortotheserviceofwaste,“writesL.G.ChiozzainRichesandPoverty.”Herewetouchth
39、egreatestcontroversyofthepresenttime,andanothervolumewouldbeneededtoexamineallthereasonsforandagainstsuchasocialadjustment.Butitisclearthatunlesssomewayofeffectingitisfound,consistentwithfairnesstoall,poverty,undeservedandunavoidable,mustbethelotofmany,whileequallyundeservedincomewillcontinuetoberea
40、ped,withoutconsciousorintentionalfraudontheirpart,bymanyothers.Asthepovertyreactsonthecharacterforilleffect,soalsoitistobefearedthattheunearnedrichesalsoproducequalities,ofadifferentandmoresubtlenature,butequallyinimical（不利的）tothetruewell-beingbothoftheindividualsconcernedandofthecommunity.1. InPass
41、age1,PlattsuggeststhatonewayasocietycanreducepovertyistoA.providein-demandtechnicaltrainingtocitizensinneedofmarketableskills.B.redistributewealthdirectlyfromcertaintypesofrichmen.C. teachthatthebenefitsofbudgetingoutweighthebenefitsofhandouts.D. instructchildreninfinancialmattersfromayoungage.2. In
42、Passage2,Reasonimpliesthatevenlydistributingwealthandpropertyamongindividualswouldhavewhatconsequence?A. Neithertherichnorthepoorwouldreapbenefits.B. Allpartiestotheeconomywouldimprovetheirposition.C. Therichwouldtakeadvantagetocreatetheirownmonopolies.D. Thepoorwouldbeabletopurchasepropertyatdecrea
43、sedvalue.3. ReasoninPassage2wouldmostlikelycharacterizethepositiontakenbyPlattintheunderlinedsentence(tManyof.UnCOmfbrtable)asA. anaccuratedescriptionoftherootcauseofthecurrenteconomicsituationofthepoorerclass.B. aflawedassumptionthatgeneralizesthenegativebehaviorofafew.C. asurprisingbutrealisticsta
44、tementconsistentwiththeeconomictrendsofthetimes.D. anoffensivecharacterizationoftherichthatisnotapplicabletootherclassesofsociety.4. BothauthorswouldmostlikelyagreethatanysocialchangesundertakentofightpovertywouldbeA. likelytocompletelysolvetheproblemsoffinancialinequality.B. astopgapmeasureneededto
45、preventthewealthyfromkeepingtheirmoney.C. unsuccessfulwithoutadrasticchangeinthemindsetofthepoor.D. partialsolutionsthatwouldpresentnewsetsofchallenges.5. Whichchoicebestdescribesthewaythetwoauthorscharacterizeeffectivewaystoreducepoverty?A. Plattbelievesthatfinancialeducationisthekeytoreducingpover
46、tyinasociety,whileReasonbelievesthatfinancialeducationisirrelevantifindividualsdonotparticipate.B. Plattbelievesthatpovertywillbereducedonlyifthosewhoarepoortrulydesiretoliftthemselvesoutofpoverty,whileReasonbelievesthatpovertywillbereducedonlyifsociety,swealthisredistributed.C. Plattbelieveswagereg
47、ulationfrommajorindustryisastepintherightdirection,whileReasonbelievesthatsuchregulationwillbeineffective.D. Plattbelievestrainingclergytoministertothepooristhemosteffectivewayofimprovingthelivesofthoseinpoverty,whileReasonbelievesthatunearnedrichesareanecessaryfeatureofasociety.Questions6-10arebase
48、donthefollowingpassageandsupplementarymaterial.ThispassageisexcerptedfromDanGlass,tWhatHappensifGPSFails?”2016byTheAtlantic.Despiteitsname,theGlobalPositioningSystemisnotaboutmaps;it,sabouttime.Eachsatelliteintheconstellation(24areneeded,plustheU.S.hasseveralspares)hasmultipleatomicclocksonboard,synchronizedwithea
