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1、第01讲 技术分析概论,张增伟南开大学经济学院金融学系,南开大学金融学科技术分析课程(2013年秋季),本PPT的版权仅为南开大学经济学院金融学系教师张增伟本人所有,仅供学术交流之用。未经本人书面许可,任何机构和个人不得以任何形式翻版、复制、刊登、发表或引用。本PPT中的信息均源自公开资讯,本人对这些资讯的准确性、完整性、及时性不作任何保证。任何声称依据本PPT中的信息或观点所从事的证券投资活动,其损益均与本人无关。,版权及免责声明,版权人张增伟联络方式,课前调查大纲解析参考书目股票投资概论技术分析及其流派,CONTENTS,目 录,5,4,3,2,1,1 课前调查,你个人是否有股票投资经历?
2、是否持有个人股票账户?你个人是否去过证券营业部?你对技术分析和我国股市了解多少?,依照南开大学“技术分析”课程的教学大纲,本课程的教学目的为:使学生熟练掌握主流证券分析软件的基本原理及其使用;熟悉股票、期货、基金、外汇等主要金融工具的投资操作策略;使学生熟悉证券、基金、期货等行业技术部门的运行原理;为学生在相关领域的就业和金融创业奠定坚实基础。”,2 大纲解析,本课程无指定教材,以下书目仅供参考或个人收藏:1 李向科 编著,证券投资技术分析(第四版),中国人民大学出版社,2012年4月版。2(美)阿佩尔 著,蔡庆丰,李鹏 等译,技术分析实战工具机械工业出版社,2008年1月版。3(美)迈吉、巴
3、塞蒂著,郑学勤、朱玉辰译,股市趋势技术分析(原书第9版),机械工业出版社,2008年5月版。4(美)墨菲著,丁圣元译,期货市场技术分析:期(现)货市场、股票市场、外汇市场、利率(债券)市场之道,地震出版社,1994年5月版。5(美)鲍里斯斯克斯伯格著;冯亮,徐晓琳译,外汇市场技术分析,广东经济出版社,2009年5月版。6 路透 编著,张帆,武锋 译,技术分析导论,北京大学出版社,2001年8月版。7 曹仁超:论势,中国人民大学出版社,2009年5月版。,3 参考书目,4-1 深不可测的股市4-2 随堂讨论1:把握股市的方法4-3 随堂讨论2:投资股市的目的?动机?,4 股票投资概论,4-1 深
4、不可测的股市,股市类似自然界的生态系统。靠近食物链上层的种群拥有更多生存优势。,股价指数和个股价格的主要影响因素之一是资金供求。健康的股市来自成熟灵活的制度设计。,中小散户作为投资群体,是股市中资本实力、资讯鉴别力最弱势的种群。换个视角来看,群体的劣势并不否定个体优势的存在。,各类金融市场的联动性,增加了股市投资的复杂性。关键时刻大的失误,轻则重度套牢,重则导向万劫不复的境地。,股市参与者的动机和实力各异,中小散户极易陷入他人精心构筑的骗局。投资者的分析策略大多来自教科书,策略的趋同性是骗局得逞的前提之一。,4-2 随堂讨论1:把握股市的方法,建议同学们就此问题展开讨论我的个人观点:熟悉政策动
5、向,明确上市及交易规则。(规则)辨识分析流派,选择操作手法。(技术)从股谚中感悟规律。(哲理)从市场的成败战例中积累经验。(经验)从盯盘中体验股市脉动。(功课),熟悉政策动向,明确上市及交易规则相关议题1:政策能否成为股市的投资风向标?(“炒股跟?走”)相关议题2:机构投资者如何对待规则?规则示例:涨跌停板制度涨跌停板制度源于国外早期证券市场,是证券市场上为了防止交易价格的暴涨暴跌,抑制过度投机现象,对每只证券当天价格的涨跌幅度予以适当限制的一种交易制度,即规定交易价格在一个交易日中的最大波动幅度为前一交易日收盘价上下百分之几,超过后停止交易。,我国证券市场现行的涨跌停板制度是1996年12月
6、13日发布、1996年12月26日开始实施的。制度规定,除上市首日之外,股票(含A股、B股)、基金类证券在一个交易日内的交易价格相对上一交易日收市价格的涨跌幅度不得超过10%,超过涨跌限价的委托为无效委托。我国的涨跌停板制度与国外的主要区别在于股价达到涨跌停板后,不是完全停止交易,而是在涨跌停价位或涨跌停价位之内的交易仍可继续进行,直到当日收市为止。涨跌停板制度在现实中极易成为庄家误导中小投资者的工具。,辨识分析流派,选择操作手法相关议题1:基本分析和技术分析有何异同?相关议题2:基本分析的可靠性和优劣势何在?相关议题3:技术分析可靠吗?“越是在不成熟的市场,技术分析就越是有效!”约翰布林格,
7、从股谚中感悟规律相关议题1:股谚的来源渠道有哪些?相关议题2:如何看待股市谚语?股市谚语示例:顺大势者昌,逆大势者亡不要把鸡蛋放在一个篮子里涨时重势,跌时重质股市没有专家,只有赢家和输家预测撒下种子,交易才有收获新手看价,老手看量,高手看势温柔的阴跌是陷阱,残酷的暴跌是机会坏得不能再坏的是金子,好得不能再好的是垃圾,会买的是徒弟,会卖的是师傅,会休息的是师爷长线买的是公司,中线买的是趋势,短线买的是主力买进靠耐心,卖出靠决心,休息靠信心忍耐是制胜的关键,离场是避免手痒的最好方法暴涨之后不买,暴跌之后不卖高位利好,撒腿就跑;低位利空,大胆冲锋学会做散户的叛徒,就是与庄家为伍最大的利好是跌过头,最
8、大的利空是涨过头吃鱼吃中段,头尾留别人股票无绩优绩差股之分,只有强势弱势股之分,从市场的成败战例中积累经验相关议题1:市场中的成败战例如何搜集?相关议题2:从他人的战例中能学到什么?A股深度套牢案例:601857 中国石油601618 中国中冶超大盘股鲜见涨跌停板案例:601398 工商银行601288 农业银行,601857中国石油(上市当日取得历史最高价48.62元;此后一路下跌,出现历史第二最低价8.39元;出现阶段性最高价15.47元;取得历史最低价8.38元)(截屏数据时间周期:),601618中国中冶(上市当日取得最高价7.45元;此后一路下跌,四次较大的阶段性最高价重心不断下移;
9、取得历史最低价1.97元)(截屏数据时间周期:),从盯盘中体验股市脉动相关议题1:为什么要盯盘?相关议题2:盯盘时要留意哪些信息?股票大单流案例:000807 云铝股份(该股在的盘中表现),巨额封单案例:000878 云南铜业(该股封涨停板的表现),盘中超常异动案例:000795 太原刚玉(该股在尾盘的惊天逆转),相关示例1:芝加哥商品期货交易所集团(CME Group)首任总裁里奥梅勒姆(Leo Melamed)的观点,4-3 随堂讨论2:投资股市的目的?动机?,Leo Melamed with President Barack Obama&Craig Donohue,With Secret
10、ary,Condoleezza Rice,at the Milton Friedman Centennial,July 31,2012.,我在自己的里奥梅里姆看市一书中的一个章节里提到过这样一句话:“作一名爱者,不要作斗士。”这是我的座右铭。爱者意思是顺应市场走势,热爱市场,愿意站在市场正确的一面;斗士则是那些想超越市场告诉他的方向之上,我的意思是,他固执己见,冥顽不化,单走独木桥。是的,他的方向不须是正确的,正确的方向应该是市场想要走的路子。你必须明白其中的区别,你必须明白爱者和斗士之间的区别。我竭力去做一个爱者,很久我才明白这一点。我不能说一上手就获得了成功,不是的。我在成功之前三次破产,
11、那些年代破产是很容易的事。,Q:您已经陈述了个人在投资方面所受的种种影响,请问,想要成为一名成功的投资者,您认为要具备哪些要素?里奥:我遇到过不计其数这样的问题。没有明确的答案。我认为个人心理结构的重要性胜过其他任何因素。很明显,如果你经过投资训练,大有裨益;如果你受过良好的教育,大有裨益;如果你资金雄厚,大有裨益;如果你在交易池内身材高大,可以窥探到别人手中的头寸,大有裨益;但是这些还不够,关键因素还是取决于你的心理结构。你的内心一定要除掉自我。一个把自我高高挂起的投资者很难成功。因为你会不时地犯错误。如果是自我阻止你坦陈“我错了”,那么你会遭受重挫,导致亏损。你会崩溃。你必须具备自我诚实的
12、品性。其他人搞什么与你无关。不要受他们的影响。“也许他知道我不知道的情况,他在买进,我也应该买进。”这不是成功投资者所为。,Q:根据你的经验,阻碍人们的因素有哪些?里奥:许多人不能正视自己错了。所以,你需具备这样两个要素:首先,愿意承受风险。另外一方面就是有承认自己犯错误的勇气。还有第三个要素,你必须从情绪中摆脱出来。不要把失败的情绪带到下一次交易中去,这样无疑会损害新的交易。每一笔交易必须各自独立。你不能让前一次败绩影响到下一次尝试。否则你会再次证实前次的失败。这决不应该纳入交易者的心理。每一笔交易必须自行负责。它们各自为政,互不干涉。一旦结束就完结了。,Q:能否描述一下你在市场中的情绪表现
13、?特别是,你如何调整心态?里奥:从兴奋到低落,情绪变化真是千奇百怪。正如你所理解的,我坚信每一天交易结束之后,你应该象塞进抽屉一样,把它们丢开。你应该把这些情绪一锁了之,走人。你应该回到正常的生活中去。这是一种调剂。不要让亏损头寸占据我的心态,也不要认为只有盈利才可以保持正常的心态。要做到宠辱不惊。,相关示例2:理财公馆的投资信念自我认识:市场可畏,不假设自己是赢家倡导目标(以健康心态面对财富,远离边缘(edge)状态,不总挑战极限动机(“羊毛出在羊身上”,不陷入60岁以后做固定收益投资的误区,退休后的钱,现在就准备!)立足点(以价值投资为主,适当做价值投机,远离泡沫投机),相关示例3:个人修
14、养:柯维的“习惯”,About Stephen R.Covey Recognized as one of Time magazines 25 most influential Americans,Stephen R.Covey has dedicated his life to demonstrating how every person can truly control their destiny with profound,yet straightforward guidance.As an internationally respected leadership authority,f
15、amily expert,teacher,organizational consultant,and author,his advice has given insight to millions.,Some of Stephen R.Coveys milestones:Over 20 million books sold(in 38 languages)The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People was named the#1 Most Influential Business Book of the Twentieth Century Authored
16、four titles with sales exceeding one million copies each:First Things First,Principle-Centered Leadership,The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Families,and The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People Latest book,The 8th Habit,has sold nearly 400,000 copies International Man of Peace Award National Fatherhoo
17、d Award(father of 9,grandfather of 44)Author of the best-selling nonfiction audio in history(The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People),No.1 best-selling hardcover book on family(The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Families)MBA from Harvard,doctorate degree from Brigham Young University Board of director
18、s for the Points of Light Foundations Co-founder and vice chairman of FranklinCovey,the leading global professional services firm with offices in 123 countries International Entrepreneur of the Year Award Awarded eight honorary doctorate degrees Awarded eight honorary doctorate degrees,Franklin Cove
19、y Co.Announces the Passing of Dr.Stephen R.Covey,Renowned Author,Speaker and Consultant SALT LAKE CITY-(BUSINESS WIRE)-Jul.16,2012-Franklin Covey Co.(NYSE:FC)today announced that Dr.Stephen R.Covey,co-founder and a former vice-chairman and director of FranklinCovey,passed away peacefully this mornin
20、g due to the residual effects of a bicycle accident he suffered this past April.He was in his 80th year.In his final hours,he was surrounded by his loving wife and each of his children and their spouses.,Dr.Covey made a decision early in his life that his greatest contribution and lifes work would b
21、e as a teacher.Beginning with his role as a university professor at Brigham Young University and then as an internationally-renowned author,speaker,and consultant,he has impacted the lives of countless millions worldwide.From grade school and university students,to Fortune 100 CEOs and numerous head
22、s of state,he made teaching principle-centered leadership his lifes work.In 1996,Dr.Covey was recognized as one of Time magazines 25 Most Influential Americans.He is the author of a number of acclaimed books,including the international bestseller The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People,which has sol
23、d more than 20 million copies in 40 languages throughout the world.Other bestsellers include First Things First,Principle-Centered Leadership,The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Families,and The 8th Habit.His most recent books include The 3rd Alternative,The Leader in Me,and Everyday Greatness.,In 2002
24、,Forbes named The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People one of the 10 most influential management books ever written.Chief Executive magazine recognized The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People as one of the two most influential books of the 20th century.Dr.Covey received the Fatherhood Award from the
25、National Fatherhood Initiative,was named Speaker of the Year,received the Sikhs International Man of Peace Award,and The National Entrepreneur of the Year Lifetime Award for Entrepreneurial Leadership.,In 1984,Dr.Covey made the decision to leave full-time teaching as a university professor to establ
26、ish a business organization,Covey Leadership Center,that could take principle-centered leadership throughout the world.From the inception of that business,Dr.Coveys focus was always on writing and teaching,leaving the leadership and management of the business to others.In 1997,Covey Leadership Cente
27、r merged with FranklinQuest,to form Franklin Covey Co.(NYSE:FC),a global performance improvement company that now operates in over 125 countries throughout the world.From the time of the merger to his retirement from the board last year,Dr.Covey devoted essentially all of his time and effort to writ
28、ing and teaching.,To Stephen,more important than his professional work was his work with his family.Stephen was a devoted husband,father and grandfather and spent a considerable amount of time with his immediate and extended family,getting together for vacations,games,celebrations,birthdays,and even
29、ts of all kinds,and having one-on-one time with each of his children and grandchildren,which he loved doing.Stephen truly believed that the greatest work we do is within the four walls of our own homes and was a model of a loving and committed husband and father to the end.Bob Whitman,chairman and C
30、EO of FranklinCovey,said,We lost a dear friend today.Stephen was one of the worlds great human beings.His impact is incalculable and his influence will continue to inspire generations to come.We extend our deepest condolences to Dr.Coveys family,his wife Sandra,their nine children and spouses,grandc
31、hildren,and great-grandchildren.Stephen frequently referred to them as his greatest joy,inspiration,and most significant contribution and legacy to the world.,来源:Franklin Covey Co.,HistoryIn 1984,the first Franklin Day Planner was produced,followed by a popular time management workshop.New designs a
32、nd formats are created continually,and the FranklinCovey Planning System is now used by more than 15 million people worldwide.In 1989,The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen R.Covey was published,and training and consulting based on its concepts were developed.The book has become one of t
33、he top-selling business books of all time.Franklin Quest and Covey Leadership Center announced their intent to merge January 22,1997.The new company,FranklinCovey,was finalized on May 30 of that year.,TodayFranklinCovey(NYSE:FC)is the global consulting and training leader in the areas of strategy ex
34、ecution,customer loyalty,leadership and individual effectiveness.Clients include 90 percent of the Fortune 100,more than 75 percent of the Fortune 500,thousands of small-and mid-sized businesses,as well as numerous government entities and educational institutions.FranklinCovey has 46 direct and lice
35、nsee offices providing professional services in 147 countries.For more information,please visit.,柯维提出的高效率人士的七种习惯:1 Be Proactive(积极主动):Principles of Personal Choice2 Begin with the End in Mind(牢记目标):Principle of Personal Vision3 Put First Things First(要事为上):Principles of Integrity and Execution4 Thin
36、k Win/Win(双赢思维):Principles of Mutual Benefit5 Seeks First to Understand,Then to be Understood(知人而后为人知):Principles of Mutual Understanding6 Synergize(协同):Principles of Creative Cooperation7 Sharpen the Saw(磨快锯子):Principles of Balanced Self-Renewal,图示七种习惯,相关示例4:老子道德经文句道德经第六十四章:“合抱之木,生于毫末;九层之台,起于垒土;千里之
37、行,始于足下。”,相关示例5:大学文句原文:物格而后知至,知至而后意诚,意诚而后心正,心正而后身修,身修而后家齐,家齐而后国治,国治而后天下平。译文:研究事物原理后获得知识,获得知识后意念诚实,意念诚实后心志端正,心志端正后提高自身修养,提高自身修养后整顿好家庭,整顿好家庭后治理好国家,治理好国家后天下太平。,5 技术分析及其流派,技术分析是借助统计图表或指标等技术手段,考察市场供需变化状况(而非引起供需变化的原因!),确定历史的和当前的价格趋势,借以预测金融资产未来价格走向的证券分析方法。,技术分析的三大理论前提(假设):市场行为包含一切信息(技术分析认为,能够影响某种商品价格的任何因素基础
38、的、政治的、心理的或任何其他方面的实际上都反映在其价格之中。这个前提的实质含义是:价格变化必定反映供求关系,如果需求大于供给,价格必然上涨;如果供给大于需求,价格必然下跌。供求规律是所有经济预测方法的出发点。反言之,只要价格上涨,不论是因为什么具体的原因,需求一定超过供给,经济层面必定看好;如果价格下跌,经济层面必定看淡);价格沿趋势移动(“趋势”概念是技术分析的核心。技术分析的本质就是顺应趋势,即以判定和追随既成趋势为目的。对于一个既成的趋势来说,下一步常常是沿着现存趋势方向继续演变,而掉头反向的可能性较小。换言之,当前趋势将一直持续到掉头反向为止);,历史会重演(强调打开未来之门的钥匙隐藏
39、在历史里,或者说将来是过去的翻版。技术分析与市场行为学、人类心理学有着千丝万缕的联系。比如,价格形态通过一些特定的价格图表形状表现出来,而这些图形表示了人们对某市场看好或看淡的心理。既然它们在过去很管用,就不妨认为它们在未来同样有效,因为它们是以人类心理为根据的,而人类的心理从来就是“江山易改本性难移”)。技术分析的流派繁多,其中影响力较大的流派主要有凯恩斯空中楼阁理论、道氏理论、K线理论、切线理论、形态理论、波浪理论、江恩理论、信心理论、亚当理论、随机漫步理论、相反理论、黄金分割率理论、裂口理论、博傻理论等。技术分析应用时应注意的问题:应与基本面的分析结合起来使用;注意多种技术分析方法的综合
40、研判。,基本分析是指通过基本的经济因素(如GNPGDP、通胀率、失业率、特定行业或企业的未来销售和盈利,etc)分析,确定金融资产的内在价值,并将该值与当前市价相比 较,从而判定买卖对策的证券分析法。若当前市价大于其内在价值,则说明价值被市场高估,当前应选择卖出该项金融资产,反之亦反。基本分析的目的是为了判断股票当前市场价格是否合理并预测其长远的发展空间,而技术分析主要预测短期内股价的涨跌趋势。通过基本分析我们可以了解应购买何种股票,而技术分析则让我们把握具体购买的时机。在时间上,技术分析法注重短期分析,在预测旧趋势结束和新趋势开始方面优于基本分析法,但在预测较长期趋势方面则不如后者。大多数成
41、功的股票投资者都是把两种分析方法结合起来加以运用。他们用基本分析法估计较长期趋势,而用技术分析法判断短期走势和确定买卖的时机。,许多交易者认为“顺着趋势交易”是在金融和商品市场中最有效的一种获利方法。约翰亨利、拉里海特、艾德史克达、理查丹尼斯、威廉埃克哈特、维克特史柏安德奥、麦克马可斯和保罗都德钟斯(有些在杰克史瓦格所著的金融怪杰这本书中被称为“金融怪杰”)等人,依靠技术分析理念累积了巨额财富。技术分析师乔治蓝恩(George C.Lane)说“趋势是你的朋友”,这已成为华尔街最受欢迎的名句之一。趋势即价格或市场指数的波动方向。依据道氏观点,趋势可分为:主要趋势(primary trend)、次要趋势(secondary trend)和短暂趋势(near term trend)。区别这三类趋势的依据是时间的长短和波动幅度差异。,趋势的方向有三种:上升趋势(up trend)、下降趋势(down trend)和 水平趋势(sideway trend)。,欢迎您对本PPT发表个人意见和建议,