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1、定语从句,Attributive clause,定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以介词短语、分词为例）例：The girl behind the tree is Kate.The man running on the playground was a doctor.,在英语中，在复合句中修饰名词或代词的用作定语的句子叫定语从句。例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.The man who was running on the playground was a doctor.,1.定语从句的概念,2.定
2、语从句的构成要素,先行词（被定语从句修饰的名词或代词）引导词：关系代词或关系副词注意:从句与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系eg:This is the factory where he works.,3.引导词关系词的分类,1.The man is a farmer.,2.The man is speaking at the meeting.,合并句子:,The man who is speaking at the meeting is a farmer.,Mary is a girl.,Mary has long hair.,合并为一个句子,Mary is a girl who has long
3、 hair.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,关系代词,关系副词,which,who,whom,whose,that,Where,when,定语从句的用法:,当先行词是物时,用which 或that引导.,These are the trees which were planted last year.,当先行词是人时,用who,whom,whose,that引导.,who,whom,whose,that用法区别.,who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.,The man who is speaking at the meeting is
4、a worker.,The man is a worker.,The man is speaking at the meeting.,分解,作主语,Whom 作定语从句的宾语,The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.,The woman is a teacher.,They wanted to visit the woman.,分解,作宾语,whose 作定语从句的定语.,I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.,分解,I know the girl.,The girls mother is
5、a teacher.,作定语,that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.,注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可 省略.,The woman(whom/that)they wanted to visit is a teacher.,4.定语从句的考查方向:引导词的考查,理解掌握几个区分:区分that 和which区分as和which 区分定语从句和状语从句 区分定语从句和名词性从句 区分定语从句和强调句型,先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last等词修饰。,1.下面情况只用that不用which和whom:I watched all the glasses were o
6、n the table fall off the table.The parks are the clearest parks you can imagine Corn was not the only food was taken to Europe They talked about things and persons they remembered.Who is the person you just talked with?The village is no longer the one it was 5 years ago.There are many apples are ver
7、y delicious.,that,that,先行词为much,little,none,someone,something等不定代词。,先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰。,that,that,先行词既有人也有物。,that,以who/which开头的疑问句。,that,先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。,that,在there be 句型中，指物只用that。,that 和which 的区别1,2.下面情况不用that:This is the book about we are talking now Tom studies hard and is ready to help oth
8、ers,his parents expect.Whats that is flying in the sky?,which,介词后面：,which,非限性定语从句中：,当先行词本身是that时：,which,that和which的区别2,which和as的区别,1.Tom has made much progress,_makes me very happy.3._ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.4._ I explained on the phone,your request will be consider
9、ed at the next meeting.5.He married Mary,we expected.6.He married Mary,we didnt expected.7.Lets read such books will make them better.8.He will give you such information will help you.,As,As,as,as,as,which,which,as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而wh
10、ich不可。as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，常可翻译为“正如，正像”；而which常译为“这一点，这件事”在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词被as,so,the same,such 修饰时，关系代词常用as,总结：which和as的区别,介词关系代词which/whom,He built a telescope he could study the skies.The glasses,Ill be blind,is lost.Ill never forget the day I joined the army.Do you know the man you just shook hand
11、s?5.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.6.He washed ten windows,_hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,through which,without which,on which,with whom,to whom,most of which,1.He was late again,_case he was blamed.2.He stayed in London for ten years,_ time he pic
12、ked up some French.比较：1.He was late again,and in that case he2.He stayed in London for ten years,and during that time he,in which,during which,1.Do you still remember the days _ we spent in Qingdao?2.Do you still remember the days _ we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao?用that,when,why,where,which填
13、空1.I want to know the date,_you were born.2.I have forgotten the date _ you told me.3.Do you know the reason _ he is absent today?4.That is the reason_I want to know.5.This is the factory _ his father works.6.This is the factory _ his father built.,that/which,when,when,that/which,why,which/that,wher
14、e,that/which,1.We have found a way _ is useful.2.The way _ he explained to us was quite simple.3.The way _ he explained the sentences to us was not difficult.4.It is a job _ you can find something interesting and significant.5.She often has no such occasion _ she can spare some time for his children
15、.6.We have reached a point _ we should make an immediate decision for it.7.People often meet such cases _ they have no idea what to do.,that/which/不填,that/in which/不填,that/which,where,when,where,where,1.(2008,山东)Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.who B.which C.why
16、 D.when2.(2007,陕西)Today,well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.which B.as C.why D.where3.(2009,浙江)I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A.which B.where C.how D.why4.(2009,福建)Its helpful to put children in a situ
17、ation _ they can see themselves differently.A.That B.when C.which D.where,D,D,B,D,温馨提示：定语从句中通常爱出现的及物和不及物动词有：vt:give;visit;spend;explain;tell;take;buy;use;make;build;have;get;devote;enjoyvi:work;live;stay;study;remain;sit;lie;stand;exist;go;come定语从句做题三大步骤：1.分析句子结构，找出主句和从句；2.找出先行词（即被修饰的词）；3.分析从句，缺什么就补什么。,
