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1、大学英语四六级辅导概要,作文篇,作文考点,任何一篇四六级作文都包括以下三个基本的考点：词汇（单词、短语掌握得越多固然越好，但是关键还是取决于考生是否能合理有效的运用。如：This activity has been cancelled,which have made everyone involved hard to believe./It is unbelievable that the activity should have been cancelled.）语法（时态、搭配、句型、单复数、词性等。如：As is know to all,our human body health cons
2、ist two aspectsphysically and mentally healthy.）逻辑、层次（一篇作文能否得高分，逻辑和层次也占有非常重要的地位。）,Sample 1A career is not easy to choose.It is one of the most important decisions you will make in your life.Find the right career,and you will be happy and successful.Find the wrong career,and you may be unhappy and un
3、successful.You should explore your choice of occupation from every angle.You should collect as much information as you can.You should try different kinds of work before making up your mind.You should evaluate yourself.You should make sure of your interests and talents.(条理不清，逻辑性差),Sample 2There are m
4、any ways to improve your English.Like many English learners,you can learn English well through some traditional ways,such as attending an English class in a classroom,reading English newspapers,listening to English news on the radio or watching English programs on TV.Nowadays,some modern methods may
5、 help you be a more successful English learner.For example,learning English via English-learning softwares has been found an effective way by many learners.Besides,millions of English learners benefit a lot from online learning.As the proverb says,“All roads lead to Rome.”（主次分明，层次清楚）,考生作文常见错误与分析,一 不
6、一致（Disagreements）所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致等 e.g.When one have money,he can do what he want to.(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么。)剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has;同理，want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致 改为：Once one has money,he can do what he wants(to do).,二 修饰语错位（Misplaced Modifiers）英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变
7、化对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解e.g.I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末,三 句子不完整（Sentence Fragments）在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清.这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生 e.g There are many ways to know the society.For
8、 example by TV,radio,newspaper and so on.剖析：本句后半部分“for example by TV,radio,newspaper and so on.”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立改为：There are many ways to know society,for example,by TV,radio,and newspaper.,四 悬垂修饰语（Dangling Modifiers）所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清e.g.At the age of ten,my grandfather died.这句中“
9、at the age of ten”只点出十岁时，但没有说明“谁”十岁时按一般推理不可能是my grandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了改为:When I was ten,my grandfather died.,五 词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等 e.g None can negative the importance of money.剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。改为：None can deny the importance of mone
10、y.,六 指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：Mary was friendly to my sister so she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，所以她要她做她的伴娘。)读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：Mary was friendly to my sister so she wanted
11、my sister to be her bridesmaid.,七 不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)什么叫run-on sentence,请看下面的例句。e.g There are many ways we get to know the outside world.剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“There are many ways.”以及“We get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。改为：There are many ways for us to know the outside world.或：There a
12、re many ways through which we can know the outside world.,八 措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。e.g The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了
13、污染。)剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use(不断增加的使用)”应改为“abusive use(滥用)”。改为：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.,九 累赘(Redundancy)言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：In spite of the fact that he is lazy
14、,I like him.本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同位语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：In spite of his laziness,I like him.e.g For the people who are diligent and kind,money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。改为：People,diligent and kind,use money only to buy what they need.,十 不连贯(I
15、ncoherence)不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。e.g The fresh water,it is the most important things of the earth.剖析：The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things 在数方面不一致。改为：The fresh water is the most important thing in the world.,十一 综合性语言错误(Comprehensive Misusage)所谓“综合性语言错误”，是指除了上述十种错误以外，还有诸如语态，标点符号，大小写等方面
16、的错误。e.gToday,Money to everybody is very importance.Today,money is very important to everybody.,作文文体,作文可分为四大文体：叙述文，描写文，说明文，议论文。Narrative:to tell the reader what happened(facts-telling)Descriptive:to make a picture vivid to the reader(impressive&attractive,but not ordinary)Expositive:to make the reade
17、r understand by defining,dividing,illustrating,comparing&contrasting,showing causes&effects,following a process,analyzing and so on(cause-searching)Argumentative:to win the readers agreement by defending a position(idea-convincing,or thought provoking)现行的四六级作文虽仍以说明文和议论文为主，但是有时两者可能同时出现于一篇文章中，即论说文。,说明
18、文（三个基本类型）：一般性的说明文用于解释和分析社会现象或社会问题。这要求考生对某种社会现象产生的原因及其可能造成的种种影响或应采取的措施进行分析和说明。此类文章的基本结构如下(drug abuse)：Paragraph 1 phenomenon(现象)Paragraph 2 reasons(原因)Paragraph 3 suggestions or solutions(措施),Sample 1:Drug abuse among young people has become more and more prevalent over recent years.(主题句)Statistics s
19、how that the number of youth drug users almost doubles in the past three years.(数据支撑)It is vital to analyze why drugs are so attractive to young people and what can be done to combat it.(承上启下)Firstly,teenagers are under increasing pressure-this may be peer pressure or pressure to succeed for example
20、.Drug use may help them escape reality,forget their problems,or simply feel more accepted by others.(原因1)In addition,through the media we are exposed to information that glamorizes drug use and makes it look attractive,particularly to young people.(原因2)Furthermore,teenagers are usually naturally cur
21、ious about drugs,and drug dealers can take advantage of this curiosity for their own profit.(原因3)High fines and prison sentences should also be imposed on drug dealers and users.(措施1)However,it is my own personal view that prevention is better than cure and so a good education programmed about the d
22、angers of drug abuse is one of the most important steps any government should take.(措施2),比较性说明文用于比较两种或几种类似的事物，要求考生通过比较它们各自的优点或缺点，说明自己的看法，并加以论证。这种文章的基本结构如下(mobile phone)：Paragraph 1 phenomenon(现象)Paragraph 2 advantages(优点)Paragraph 3 disadvantages(缺点)Paragraph 4 comments(结论),Sample 2:A mobile phone i
23、s getting increasingly popular.(主题句)Statistics show that eight out of ten college students have got one.(数据支撑)However,as is the case with many issues,a mobile phone has both positive and negative aspects.(承上启下)On the positive side,a mobile phone allows calls to be made instantly from almost any loca
24、tion.This can be vital where emergency services need to be called to the scene of a crime,accident or fire,where no public telephone is nearby.(优点1)Meanwhile,a mobile phone can serve as a connection to the Internet,which can be extremely convenient for obtaining information wherever you may be.(优点2)
25、The fact that a mobile phone allows a person to be contacted at any time can in itself be a disadvantage.For instance,an employee may,via the mobile phone,be constantly available to his employer and feels that he never leaves work.This may cause distress.(缺点1)Another disadvantage is the perceived he
26、alth risks associated with its use.Some people believe that using mobile phones for long periods can damage the brain.(缺点2)There is no denying that a mobile phone has both benefits and drawbacks but on balance perhaps the advantages of a mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages since a mobile has bec
27、ome an integral part of modern life.(结论),图表写作也属于说明文的类型，这种文章通常结构是：Paragraph 1 change(变化)Paragraph 2 reasons(原因)Paragraph 3 conclusion(effects)(结论),Sample 3:The period 19952005 witnessed a rapid increase in the number of people in City X traveling abroad.It can be seen that,in 1995,only about 10,000 p
28、eople in this city went overseas while in 2000 this number quickly rose to 40,000.In 2005,however,the number of overseas traveler surged to over 120,000,which is more than 10 times as many as that of 1995.(变化)This change can be accounted for by a couple of factors.First,along with social and economy
29、 progress,the living standard of the Chinese people has been greatly enhanced,so they have enough money and time to travel abroad.Meanwhile,more and more people want to enjoy themselves and broaden their vision by visiting overseas historical places and experiencing exotic cultures.(原因)Overseas trav
30、el has a profound effect on both individuals and the society.It can widen our peoples horizons,promote friendship and enhance cultural interaction.In the meantime,it can also boost our social economy and make our society more prosperous and dynamic.Its good for our nations progress.(结论),议论文：议论文的第一种形
31、式是要求考生针对某一有争议性的两种观点，来阐述自己的立场，或对这一问题反映出的某一观点进行驳斥，然后提出自己的看法并加以论证。它的基本形式是：一些人认为；另一些人认为；我的看法。例如：1.有人认为名字很重要2.也有人认为无关紧要3.我认为,On the importance of a name Some people think that a name is very important.（总起句）Most parents would look into the dictionary,search on the internet,or even go to some fortune-telle
32、rs for great names for their children.They believe that a name would affect ones future events such as marriage,career or even life span.Thats why some people,after they grow up and find their own names not to their own taste,would change their names.However,others disagree（总起句）.They are saying that
33、 a name is just made as a way of calling a person.And ones fate is decided by his/her own efforts.They believe that parents shouldnt pay too much attention or money on naming their children.Whats important is that they should give them the right education to make sure they grow up to be nice people.
34、As for me,I have to say I agree with the latter more.（总起句）I mean surely a beautiful name would be wonderful itself,but it doesnt make your life better.We should make our life better by our efforts but not names.,两种文体的异同点：同：两者文体的用词都较为书面、正式，都以称述句为主；两者对于连接词的要求都较高；异：两者的目的不一样。说明文是为了向读者解释或阐述某种现象，以让人了解知道为目
35、的；（无需在说明时带有个人的观点。如：污染原因包括社会和个人的，不用在这些原因里夹杂个人的观点）；而议论文是为了说理，以让人信服为目的。客观性很强（除非要求称述个人观点，否则类似于I,I think,may,could,would等尽量避免使用）；说明文一般说明某个现象或问题时时，或从主到次，或从大到小，分层分类逐步说明，不要重复啰嗦；议论文议论某个观点时，论点最好是由一般到个别，也即熟悉到生疏；,高分作文要求,语法错误少；单词、短语使用恰当；拼写、标点正确；词汇和句型的丰富多变（同义词替换：think可以替换为reckon,assume,argue等词；句型要长短句相结合，同时不要拘泥于主谓
36、宾句型，可以使用主系表、过去分词和现在分词短语作状语、不定式短语作状语、状语从句等多种句型）；整个文章连贯、通顺（说明文层次分明，议论文有理有据）,写作步骤,1.审题（1min）2.拟定草稿（5-8mins）确定主题句（最保险的就是将文中每段的要求翻译成英文或扩充）。如：08/6:(1)娱乐活动多种多样(Nowadays,a multitude of/various recreational activities appear in peoples life,such asranging fromto)(2)娱乐活动可以使人受益，也可能带来危害(Some people believe that
37、 recreational activities is beneficial to us while others hold an opposite view.)(3)作为大学生，我认为(As a college student,I think)段落中的关键词句（evidences:maintain good health,physically or mentally;affect ones studywork,little rest.）3.成文（15-20mins）4.检查（1-3mins）,注意事项,四级作文如果量化成句数，只需写10句左右；六级只需12句左右。全文应以短句为主，长短句相结
38、合。所谓短句是指10个词左右的句子，不能全篇都是5、6个词的短句。同时，全文应有一定数量的长句，一般1520词即可，太长则易冗赘。有的同学以为只写长句不写短句，就能取得高分，实际上老师看长句会觉得很累，以为你不会写短句，通常不会给高分。如果一篇中文作文每句都30多个字，定然晦涩难懂，英文也不例外。精炼的短句可以放在段首表示强调；复杂的长句可以进行具体的论证、举例或描述。,四六级作文经典替换词,1.individuals,characters,folks替换(people,persons)2:positive,favorable,rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect
39、,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding,superior替换good 3:dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse,ill(有害的)替换bad4.(an amount of,a large number of,a multitude of,a host of,a great deal of)替换many或much.5:quiet a few,several替换some 6:affair,business,matter 替换thing 7:shared 代 common 8:for my part,from my own perspecti
40、ve 替换 in my opinion 9:increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.)e.g.sth has gained growing popularity.,10.beneficial,rewarding替换helpful,11.exceedingly,extremely,intensely 替换very 12.capture ones attention替换attract ones attention.13.fac
41、et,demension,sphere代aspect 14.give rise to,lead to,result in 替换cause.15.There are several reasons behind sth 替换.reasons for sth 16.desire 替换want.17.pour attention into 替换pay attention to 18.bear in mind that 替换remember 19.enjoy,possess 替换have 20.next to/virtually impossible,替换nearly/almost impossibl
42、e,四六级作文框架句型,一)原因 1.The factors that contribute to this situation include.2.The answer to this problem involves many factors.3.The phenomenon mainly stemsderives from the fact that.4.The change in.largely results from the fact that.5.One of the most common factors(causes)is that.Another contributing
43、factor(cause)is.Perhaps the primary factor is that But the fundamental cause is that,二)比较 1.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.2.Like anything else,it has its faults.3.A and B has several points in common.4.A and B differ in several ways.5.A bears some resemblances to B.6.Evidently
44、,it has both negative and positive effects.7.People used to think.,but things are different now.,三)批驳 1.Some people say.,but it does not hold water.2.Too much stress placed on.may lead to.3.Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that.4.A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the sta
45、tement is.5.It makes no sense to argue for.6.Contrary to what is widely accepted,I maintain that.,四)后果 1.It may give rise to a host of problems.2.The immediate result it produces is.3.It will exercise a profound influence upon.4.Its consequence can be so great that.五)举例 1.A good case in point is.2.A
46、s an illustration,we may take.3.Such examples might be given easily.4.is often cited as an example.,六)证明 1.No one can deny the fact that.2.The idea is hardly supported by facts.3.Unfortunately,none of the available data shows.4.Recent studies indicate that.5.There is sufficient/enough evidence to sh
47、ow that.6.According to statistics proved by.,it can be seen that.,七)开篇 1.Recently the problem has been brought into focus.2.Recently the phenomenon has become a heated/hot topic.3.Recently the issue has aroused great concern among.4.Nowadays there is a growing concern over.5.Faced with.,quite a few
48、people argue that.6.According to a recent survey,.7.With the rapid development of.,.,八)结尾 1.From what has been discussed above,we can draw the conclusion that.2.It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop.3.In conclusion,it is necessary that.4.To solve the above-mentioned problem,we must.5.In summary,if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue,more problems will come into being.6.With the efforts of all parts concerned,the problem will be solved thoroughly.7.Taking all these into account,we.8.Whether it is good or not/positive or negative,one thing is certain/clear.,
