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1、中考语法复习,动 词,动词的考点,一.动词的分类,三.动词的语态,二.动词的时态,四.非谓语动词,一、动词的分类,实义动词,系动词,助动词,情态动词,（一）实义动词,_ 本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。I like the book.2._自身意思完整，无需接宾语。Birds can fly.,及物动词,不及物动词,实义动词主要考察词义辨析,词义辨析,1)_ 表“习惯做某事”；_表“过去常常做某事”_表“被用来做什么”,be(get)used to doing,used to do,be used to do,Pens _ write.I _getting up early.I _
2、get up early.,are used to,am used to,used to,词义辨析,2)_+“大地点”；_+“小地点”_+“地点名词”_是及物动词，+“地点名词”,arrive in,arrive at,get to,reach,词义辨析,3)_ 表“借入”；_表“借出”_表“长时间的借”,borrow,lend,keep,词义辨析,4)_ 表“给某人穿衣服”；_表“穿上”，强调动作；_表“穿着，戴着”，强调状态。,dress sb.,put on,wear,词义辨析,5)_“看见”，表结果；_“看”，表动作，不及物；_“看(比赛，电视)”_“看(书、报)”，表阅读,see,l
3、ook(at),watch,read,词义辨析,6)_“带来，拿来”；_“拿去，带走；_“扛，搬”，用力移动，无方向 _“去取，去拿”，表往返拿物,bring,take,carry,fetch,get,词义辨析,7)_“死”，不及物动词；_“死的”，形容词，表状态；_“死”，名词 _“垂死的”，形容词,die,dead,death,dying,词义辨析,8)_“说（语言）”，“发言”；_“说（内容）”，及物；_“谈论某事”；_“谈论某人”_“告诉”,speak,say,talk about sth.,talk to(with)sb.,tell,词义辨析,9)_“花钱（时间）”，人做主语；_“花
4、钱”，人做主语；_“花钱”，物做主语 _“花时间”，物做主语,spend,pay,cost,take,词义辨析,10)_“寻找”，强调过程；_“找到”，强调结果；_“找出，查明（起因）”_“听”，强调过程 _“听到”，强调结果,look for,find,find out,listen(to),hear,词义辨析,11)_ the game“赢”_ the game“输”，_ sb.“打败（某人）”_ in the game“失败”,win,lose,beat(defeat),fail,词义辨析,12)_ 表“丢失，失去”；_表“忘记”；_表“把某物落在某处”。,lose,forget,lea
5、ve,词义辨析,13)_ 表“想到”；_表“考虑”；_表“仔细考虑”。,think of,think about,think over,词义辨析,14)_ 表“加入”；_表“参加（活动）”；_表“出席（会议）”。,join(the party),take part in,attend(a meeting),词义辨析,15)_red _dark _cold _short/long,turn,get/grow,get/become,get,Choose the best answer,1.How much money did you _ on the dictionary?-29 yuan.A.p
6、ay B.spend C.cost D.take,Choose the best answer,2.It _ almost 10 years to build Panzhihua Ertan power station,the second largest power station in Asia.A.spent B.took C.cost D.paid,Choose the best answer,Choose the best answer,3.Would you please _ the TV?I can hardly hear the conversation between the
7、 two speakers.A.turn on B.turn up C.turn off D.turn down,Choose the best answer,4.Tom and Jim _ friends since they met each other for the first time five years ago.A.were B.have become C.have made D.have been,Choose the best answer,5.Im afraid the other students will _ me because I cant answer the q
8、uestion.A.laugh at B.hear from C.agree with D.wait for,Choose the best answer,6.Nancy,dont always _ that old jacket.It looks terrible.-But I think its cool,Mom.A.wear B.dress C.put on D.take off,Choose the best answer,7.No free plastic bags in the supermarket helps to _ white pollution.A.reduce B.re
9、move C.provide D.produce,Choose the best answer,8.I am greatly interested in this painting.Something in it _ the painters deep love for nature.A.expects B.discusses C.expresses D.imagines,Choose the best answer,9.Oh,Ive left my schoolbag in the classroom.-Dont worry.Ill _ it for you.A.bring B.get C.
10、take D.carry,Choose the best answer,10.What a nice MP3!Is it yours?-Of course.I _ 180 yuan on it.A.cost B.took C.spent D.paid,Choose the best answer,11.Theres too much sunshine.-Yeah.Wed better _ sunglasses.A.put away B.put on C.take off D.take out,Choose the best answer,12.The doctor _ a _ boy yest
11、erday.A.had saved;dying B.saved;dead C.has saved;dead D.saved;dying,（二）系动词,表“状态”：,look,seem,taste,smell,feel,sound,be,keep,stay,2.表“变化”:,1.系动词+形容词2.用法辨析,turn,get,grow,fall,become,come,go,Choose the best answer,1.The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.A.was felt B.is felt C
12、.felt D.feels,系动词不用于被动语态,Choose the best answer,Choose the best answer,2.He shook his head _ and looked _ when he was told the bad news.A.sadly;sadly B.sad;sad C.sadly;sad D.sad;sadly,Choose the best answer,Choose the best answer,3.I love to go to the forest in summer.It _ good to walk in the forest
13、 or sit in the shade of trees.A.does B.feels C.gets D.makes,Choose the best answer,4.-I was wondering if we could go skating on the weekend.-_ good.A.Sound B.Sounded C.Sounding D.Sounds,Choose the best answer,状态变化系动词,go,come,turn,grow,fall,getbecome,Choose the best answer,1.The discussion_ alive whe
14、n an interesting topic was brought in.A.was coming B.had come C.has come D.came,2.The traffic lights_ green and I pulled away.A.came B.grew C.got D.turned,3.-Is your headache getting _?-No,its worse.A.better B.bad C.less D.well,4.-Would you advise me on how to stay_?-Try to live regularly,eat more v
15、egetables and be in a good state of mind.A.health B.healthy C.healthily D.more healthily,5.The dog looked_.The boy looked _at the poor dog.A.dead;sad B.dying;sadly C.deadly;sadly D.dying;sad,6.The cloth that she bought looks _,feels _ and sells_.A.beautiful;soft;well B.beauty;softly;well C.beautiful
16、ly;softly;good D.beautiful;soft;good,（三）情态动词,情态动词用法辨析,一.can,could,be able to I.can 1）表“能力”He can speak five languages.2）表“许可”=may Can(May)I come in?,3)表“可能性”Can it be true?,一.can,could,be able to,4)be able to与can 的比较 A)表示能力时可通用 No one can/is able to do it.B)be able to可用于任何时态。Im sorry I havent been a
17、ble to answer your letter.C)表经努力办到某事，用be able to。After years of hard work he was able to win the prize.,一.can,could,be able to2.could 1)could 是can的过去时，可用来较委婉，客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Could you come a little earlier?2)can 和could 表示某人或某物一时的特点，译为“有可能，有时会”。He can be very friendly.He could be very proud.,二.may,might
18、 1）表许可，译为“可以”（正式场合）You may take the book home.2)表示推测，“或许，可能”。It may rain tomorrow.3)表示祝愿 May you succeed!4)might:may 的过去式，但might表可 能性较小，或表更婉转语气。Jim may(might)lend you money.Might I ask a question?,三.must,have to,need1.must 的用法：1）“必须”，否定表禁止。回答其 问句用neednt或dont have to。I must leave at 9.-Must we hand i
19、t in today?-Yes,you must.No,you neednt/dont have to.,三.must,have to,need1.must 的用法：2)must 还可表示一种推断和揣测。must+do对现在事实的猜测;must+have done 对过去事实的猜测.You must be joking.I cant find my key.I must have left it in the bus.,三.must,have to,need 2.must与 have to的比较：A)have to-客观情况；must-主观看法。I must learn another for
20、eign language.You have to learn another foreign language if you want to work here.B)have to用于不同时态，must不行.We will have to buy another TV set.,三.must,have to,need 3.need 的用法：1）作情态动词用时，用于疑问或否定句。回答need问句时，肯定用must,否定用neednt/dont have to.You need not do anything here.-Need I go so soon?-Yes,you must.No,yo
21、u neednt./dont have to.,三.must,have to,need 3.need 的用法：2)need用做行为动词时的用法：I need to buy a new dictionary.My bike needs repairing/needs to be repaired.,四.will 和 would 的用法：1.表示“意愿”She wont lend me the money.2.表“邀请”或“请求”Will you give me a piece of paper?3.would比will语气更温婉。Would like something to eat?,五.sh
22、all,should的用法 A)shall的用法 用于第一人称，表示征求意见。Shall I turn on the light?B)should的用法表示劝告，建议。You should study the article carefully.2.表示推测，译为“可能，应该，该”。He should arrive at noon.,Choose the best answer,1.Where is our head teacher,Mr.Li?-He _ be in the office.I saw him there just one or two minutes ago.A.can B.
23、may C.might D.must,Choose the best answer,2.Shall I tell him the news after class?-You _.Ive told him already.A.cant B.mustnt C.shouldnt D.neednt,Choose the best answer,3.Mrs.Wang,Lingling came to see you just now.-It _ be Lingling.Shes gone to Hong Kong.A.can B.cant C.must D.mustnt,Choose the best
24、answer,4.Anna hasnt come to school today.I think she _ be ill.A.can B.has to C.may D.should,Choose the best answer,5.Is Mr.Smith swimming in the pool,Harry?-It _ be him.I saw him go to the library just now.A.may not B.cant C.neednt D.mustnt,Choose the best answer,6.Will you answer the telephone?It _
25、 be your mother.-Sorry.I _.Im busy.A.can;mustnt B.will;cant C.may;cant D.need;will,Choose the best answer,7.Tony _ go to the opera on Saturday because hes going to have a meeting.A.cant B.might C.mustnt D.should,Choose the best answer,8.Be polite.You _ talk to the old like that.A.couldnt B.neednt C.
26、mustnt D.wouldnt,Choose the best answer,9.Look!It _ be the new woman manager.-It _ be her.She has just left for Shanghai.A.can;mustnt B.must;cant C.must;mustnt D.cant;must,Choose the best answer,10.I hit a tree on the way to meet my friend at the railway station.-Im sure you _ have been driving too
27、fast.A.need B.should C.will D.must,Choose the best answer,11.Mum,_ I go out to play?-Yes,you can.But you must finish your homework first.A.must B.may C.will D.need,Choose the best answer,12.Schools _ allow students at least one hour a day for sports.A.would B.might C.should D.could,Choose the best a
28、nswer,13.Ben,dont drive too fast.You _ hit others car.A.may B.must C.have to D.need,Choose the best answer,14.I was told to be here before eight.-Oh,you _.Im sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plan.A.must B.cant C.may D.neednt,Choose the best answer,15.Never touch my computer while I
29、m away.-I _.A.shouldnt B.mustnt C.wont D.dont,Choose the best answer,16.I dont mind telling you what I know.-You _.Im not asking you for it.A.neednt B.mustnt C.may not D.cant,Choose the best answer,1 17.Lets go to Taishan Park by taxi.-Its not far.We _ take a taxi.A.neednt B.cant C.mustnt D.couldnt,
30、二、动词时态,一般现在时,主+V 原/V-(e)s,1.经常性或习惯性的动作时间标志：,every;always;often;sometimes;at;neveron Sundays;once a week usually;,2.客观真理,客观存在,科学事实,主将从现,第三人称单数的构成,规则变化,-s,s,s,-es,es,es,es,es,es,变y 为i 再加-es,ies,ies,肯定:否定:疑问:,她经常在回家前完成作业.,She often finishes her homework before she goes home,She doesnt finish her homewo
31、rk before she goes home,Does she often finish her homework before she goes home?,谓语是行为动词时,否定和疑问句要借助助动词do或does,原来的行为动词要用原形.,1.A:How often_ she exercise?B:Twice a week.A.do B.does C.doing2.I _ like to drink milk.A.not B.doesnt C.dont3.Good food and exercise _ me to study better.A.help B.helps C.helpin
32、g4.I will let you know about it as soon as I _ the news.A.will get B.gets C.get,5.He always_ school early and_ home late.A.go to;comes back to B.goes to;come back C.goes to;comes back6._she_ eating mooncakes?A.Is;like B.Do;like C.Does;like7.“Does Wang Li_ English well?”A.speak B.speaks C.say,一般过去时,主
33、+V-ed,tried our best,表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况,时间标志：,yesterday;the day before yesterday;last；ago 等表示过去时间的词语,动词过去式的构成,规则变化,不规则变化见BOOK 3,ed,d,变y 为i 再加 ed,双写尾词加 ed,ed,ed,d,d,ped,ped,肯定:否定:疑问:,Tom 刚才打了电话给她.,Tom rang her just now.,Tom didnt ring her just now.,Did Tom ring her just now?,谓语是行为动词时,否定和疑问句要借助助
34、动词did,原来的行为动词要用原形.,1.It was too dark.So he _ the lights and began to read books.A.turned off B.turns on C.turned on2.The children _ at their uncles last night.A.are B.were C.was3.I am sorry that you have missed the train.It _ ten minutes ago.A.left B.leaves C.will leave,4.These farmers have been to
35、the United States.Really?When _ there?A.will they go B.did they go C.do they go5.Jim is not coming tonight.But he _!A.promises B.promised C.will promise,一般将来时,主+is/am/are going to+V 原,主+will+V 原,1.表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态.,2.时间、条件状语从句的主句部分（主将从现）,1.Do you know when the World Cup _ next week?Next Friday.When
36、it _,Ill ring you.A.begins;begins B.begins;will begin C.will begin;begins2.Jimmy is leaving for a holiday.Really?Where _ he _?A.does;go B.will;go C.did;go3.Shall we go to the Sand Lake tomorrow?Yes.Well go unless it _ heavily.A.will rain B.rained C.rains,主+was/were going to+V 原,过去将来时,would see him o
37、ff,would have,were going to have,主+would+V 原,常用在宾语从句中,1.He told me that he _ to see us the next day.A.comes B.would come C.will come 2.The teacher told us that the sun _ bigger than the earth.A.is B.was C.will be3.-The plane is leaving right now,but Jim hasnt arrived yet.-Well,he said he _here on ti
38、me.A came B would come C will be,现在进行时,主+is/am/are+V-ing,are getting ready for,表示说话者说话时正在发生的动作,表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作.(说话时动作不一定正在进行),现在分词的构成,-ing,ing,ing,去掉e-ing,先双写最后一个辅音字母-ing,ting,ing,ing,1.Where is James?He _ with his brother.A.runs B.will run C.is running2.Who _ in the next room?Mary is.A.is singing
39、B.is sing C.sings 3.Jimmy _ for a holiday tomorrow.A.is leaving B.leaves C.left4.Look at the children over thereWhat _？A is he doing Bare they doing Cthey are doing,5.Look!The boy students are _ football while the girls are _.A.playing,dance B.playing,dancing C.play,dancing 6.Mr.Smith _ short storie
40、s,but he _ a TV play these days.A.is writing,is writing B.is writing,writes C.writes,is writing 7.I _ to the cinema.I _ there every Sunday.A.go.go B.am going,go C.go.am going,过去进行时,was doing,主+was/were+V-ing,表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作.,1.The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields.A.see,was picking B.sa
41、w,picked C.saw,was picking 2.I don t think Jim saw me;he _ into space.A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared 3.I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a radio shop at the time.A.has worked B.was working C.had been working,4.-Hey,watch the flowers!-Oh,I m terribly sorry._.A.I m not noti
42、cing B.I wasn t noticing C.I don t notice 5.The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it.A.was traveling B.traveled C.was to travel 6.I _ my breakfast when the morning post came.A.had B.was having C.have been having,现在完成时,主+have/has+PP,has lived in,1.I _ Enghish in this school since
43、1999.A.taught B.have taught C.would teach2.Lilei _ the pen for five years A.has had B.boughtC have bought3.He _ finished his homework yet A.doesnt B.havent C.hasnt4.Peter lost his bike yesterday._ he _ it yet?A.Has;looked for B.Does;find C.Has;found,5.Who is he?I _ before.A.havent heard of B.didnt h
44、ear of C.havent heard from6.Have you ever been to Guangzhou?No,Ive _ been there.A.never B.ever C.already7.We havent finished our homework_.A.already B.ever C.yet8.Have you_learned English?Yes,Ive _ learned a lot.A.already;ever B.ever;neve C.ever;already,9.I _ him these days.A.havent hear from B.didn
45、t hear of C.havent heard from10.I have _ 5,000 words so far.A.learnt B.learn C.learning11.The old man _ China several times in the past 10 years.A.has been to B.wen to C.goes to,just 刚刚already 已经 before 之前ever 曾经never 从来没有so far 到目前为止yet 还（没有）否定句these days 这些天in the past years/months在过去的年/月里,for 时段s
46、ince 时点,现在完成时的标志词,for+时段since+时段+agosince+时点Its/It has been+时段+since+一般过去时句子,1.Its ten years since she.A.has left B.has been away C.left2.I have been here _ 4 years.A.since B.for C.from3.We have learnt English _ six years ago.A.since B.for C.from,4._ has been 5 years since we came here.A.There B.It
47、C.That5.Its three years since he the army.A.has joined B.has been in C.joined6.How many years is it _ you graduated from junior high school?A.since B.for C.from,短暂性动词和延续性动词,不与时间段连用,可与时间段连用,be(in)here/there,be a member of,be dead,be on,have,be away,keep,be over,be open(adj.),be closed,be married,1.Ho
48、w long can I _ this book?Two weeks A.borrow B.keep C.lend2.Her father_in 1990 and her husband_for more than five years.A.has died,has died B.has died,dead C.died,has been dead3.I have_ this nice watch for two years.A.had B.bought C.borrowed 4.He_his home for ten years.A.has left B.was away from C.ha
49、s been away from,5.He_a League member for three years.A.is B.has been C.has became 6.Lihuas brother has_for two years.A.joined the army B.been in the army C.became a soldier 7.He hasnt_from Guangzhou ever since he left school A.left B.been away C.been left8.Betty _ here for two hours.She _ here at 8
50、:00 this morning.A.has been;came B.has been;has come C.was;came,8.The film _ for five minutes.A.began B.has been on C.has begun 6.You are too late.The shop _ for many hours.A.closed B.has been closed C.has closed 7.Mary _ Tom in 2000.They _ for 8 years.A.married;have been married B.married;have marr
