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1、中考英语复习方案语法部分,第一篇 词法三、形容词、副词主备人：马静 李素云,知识概要 表示人或事物的属性或特征的词叫形容词。形容词修饰名词，一般放在所修饰的名词之前；若修饰不定代词，则需后置。副词用以修饰动词、形容词和其他副词，还可修饰全句,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。英语中形容词与副词有原级、比较级、最高级之分。,形容词、副词比较级、最高级一览表,难点链接,1.形容词的用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定
2、语、表语和宾语补足语。例如：Our country is a beautiful country.（作定语）The fish went bad.（作表语）We keep our classroom clean and tidy.（作宾语补足语）2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。（错）He is an ill man.（对）The man is ill.（错）She is an afraid girl.（对）The girl is afraid.这类词还有：well，unw
3、ell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词时,形容词要放在名词后面。例如：I have something important to tell you.Is there anything interesting in the film.,难点链接,4）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，lively 仍为形容词。如：(错）S
4、he sang lovely.（错）He spoke to me very friendly.（对）Her singing was lovely.（对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way.有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，earlyThe Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.5）用形容词表示类别和整体a.某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，th
5、e poor，the blind，the hungryThe poor are losing hope.b.有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。the British，the English，the French，the Chinese.The English have wonderful sense of humor.,难点链接,6)多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)-出处-材料性质，类别-名词。如：a small round table，a tall gray building，a
6、 dirty old brown shirt，a famous German medical school，an expensive Japanese sports car，限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体。如：those three beautiful large square新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如：an old brown wood table,难点链接,2.副词的基本用法 副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。1）副词的位置（1）在动词之前。（2）在be动词、助动词之后。（3）有多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意：
7、a.大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。如：We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b.方式副词well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。如：He speaks English well.2）副词的排列顺序：（1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。（2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully.（3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。改错：(
8、错)I very like English.(对)I like English very much.注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。如：I dont know him well enough.There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.,难点链接,3)副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。He studies very hard.（作状语）Life here is full of joy.（作定语）When will you be ba
9、ck?（作表语）副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：（1)时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等。例如：He often comes to school late.What are we going to do tomorrow?He is never been to Beijing.（2)地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here,there,inside,outsi
10、de,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,on,in,out等。例如：I met an old friend of mine on my way home.He went upstairs.Put down your name here.,（3)方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的,有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly,它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：badly,bravely,carefully,proudly,sudde
11、nly,successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,well,fast,slow,quick,hard,alone,high,straight,wide等。例如：The old man walked home slowly.Please listen to the teacher carefully.The birds are flying high.He runs very fast.（4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much,(a)little,a bit,very,so,too,eno
12、ugh,quite,rather,greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly等。例如：Her pronunciation is very good.She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you.（5)疑问副词疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how,when,where,why等。例如：How are you getting along with your studies?Where were you yesterday?Why did you do that
13、?,难点链接,难点链接,4)部分常用副词的用法(1)very,much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：She is a very nice girl.Im feeling much better now.much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：I dont like the idea much.They did not talk much.(2)too,either这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：She can dance,and I can dance,to
14、o.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.3)already,yetalready一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：He has already left.Have you heard from him yet?He hasnt answered yet.4)so,neither（nor)so和neither都可用于倒装句，但so表示肯定，neither(nor)表示否定。例如：My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing an
15、d neither do I.,难点链接,3.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法(1)两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较级。Our teacher is taller than we are.The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.(2)most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很,非常,十分。Its most dangerous to be here.在这儿太危险。(3)The+形容词比较级.,the+形容词比较级.表示 越.就越.。The more you study,th
16、e more you know.(4)形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级,表示 越来越.。Its getting hotter and hotter.(5)主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。This box is as big as mine.(6)the+形容词 表示某种人。He always helps the poor.(7)形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.,（8）as+形容词或副词原级+as的用法 A.在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。
17、He cannot run so/as fast as you.B.当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。as+形容词+a+单数名词+as，as+many/much+名词+as.如：This is as good an example as the other is.I can carry as much paper as you can.C.用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine.D.倍数+as+adj.+as倍数+the+名词+
18、ofThis bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine.E.为了避免重复，当比较连词前后的主语说的是同一类事物时，后面的主语要用代词that或those代替。如：They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.The population of In
19、dian is not so large as that of China.,难点链接,例题解析,1 I think Chinese is than maths.interesting B.more interestingC.most interesting D.the most interesting 答案 B.析 在有than作比较的句子中应用形容词的比较级。2-What does Lucy like better,singing or dancing?-Singing.of course.Shes known to it.A.be good at B.be good for C.be b
20、ad at D.be bad for 答案 A.析 be good at为固定搭配，意为擅长作某事。初中英语中有些这样的固定用法应记牢，而不能似是而非。如：be good at,be bad at,be poor in,be week in,be fit for3The Huang He River is one of in China.A.The long river B.the longest riverC.the longest rivers D.the longer river 答案 C.析 在one of+定冠词+最高级之后的名词应用复数形式。4 The girl was afrai
21、d she threw her bag away.A.so,that B.too,to C.too,that D.enough,to 答案 A.析 sothat为如此怎样以至于如何，此句意思是：小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉了。而tooto的意思为如何如何，以至于不能作某事。但to的后面是动词原形，而不是从句。,例题解析,5 It was yesterday than today.A.hot B.hoter C.hotter D.the hottest 答案 C.析 用than表达比较的句中应用比较级。6 Which subject do you like,English Chinese or
22、 maths?A.best B.well C.better D.good 答案 A.析 在两者之间应用比较级，而在三者之间或三者以上用最高级。7 None of the students watched it.A.careful enough B.enough carefully C.carefully enough D.enough careful 答案 C.析 首先应判定是选用用来修饰名词的形容词还是用来修饰动词的副词。这里是修饰watch这一动词，应选用副词。当enough用来修饰副词或形容词时应放于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。8 she eats,shell be.A.Morefat B
23、.The morefatterC.Morethe fatter D.The morethe fatter 答案 D.析 the+比较级表示越来越本句应译为：她吃得越多，她就会越胖。,例题解析,9 I dont think English is Chinese.A.as important as B.not important as C.not so important D.important as 答案 A.析 think+宾语从句时，应采用否定主句的形式，如：中文讲，我认为你不对，英文应为：我不认为你对。I dont think you are right.所以不能选答案B。而C、D均为不正
24、确的表达法。10 Miss Gao is a good English teacher.The students in her class English.A.are interested in B.are interesting in C.are interested at D.are interesting to 答案 A.析 过去分词常用来修饰人，而现在分词常用来修饰物，如：an interesting book，实际上过去分词含有被动之意，如：interested 其含意是被所吸引，感动。而interesting 则为使人感兴趣的，如：an interesting man 一个有趣、风
25、趣的人。11 The twins are together most of the time.So they never feel.A.alone B.lonely C.happily D.friendly 答案 B.析 alone意为独自的，一个人的，它只能作表语不能作定语。I am not alone in doing such a thing.而lonely 意为寂寞的，孤单的，如：The old man felt lonely.要体会两个词的区别，如：The old man lived alone,but he didnt feel lonely.,例题解析,12 What a cou
26、gh!You seem ill.A.terrible,terribly B.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terrible D.terribly,terribly 答案 A.析 terrible是形容词，而terribly是副词，第一个空是修饰名词的，所以应填入形容词。第二个空ill是形容词，这里terribly 是用来修饰ill的。13 The two friends were pleased to see each other that they forgot everything.A.so B.too C.very D.much 答案 A.析 这里用的是soth
27、at的固定搭配。14 Which is,Li Leis box or Han Meimeis box?A.heavy B.heavier C.more heavier D.the heaviest 答案 B.析 两者之间用比较级，三者或以上用最高级。15 You dont like the same colours and I dont like them,.A.too B.also C.either D.neither 答案 C.析 在否定句中也应用either,而不要用too，因too用于肯定句中。,例题解析,16 Jim is at all his lessons.And Im sure
28、 hell do very in the exams.A.well,good B.good,well C.well,well D.good,good 答案 B.析 good为形容词，如：He is good.他是个好人。而well作为身体状况的好坏讲时是形容词，如：He is well为他身体不错，而作为其他意思时为副词，如：He speaks English well.17 You look than before，why?A.more thin B.more thinner C.much more thin D.much thinner 答案 D.析 多音节形容词才用more或most加形
29、容词来表示其比较级或最高级，而thin的比较级为thinner。18 Lets go out for supper now.Im very.A.hungry B.angry C.tired D.thirsty 答案 A.析 hungry-饿，angry-生气，tired-紧，疲劳，thirsty-口渴。要注意名词的词义。19-Can you understand me?-Sorry,I can understand you.A.hardly B.almost C.even D.ever 答案 A.析 hardly为一否定词，用在句中时应被看作是否定句。在答语中Sorry决定了其意为听不明白，所
30、以只能选 hardly。,例题解析,20 do you write to your penfriend?About twice a month.A.How often B.How soon C.How much D.How long 答案 A.析 how often用来提问某一动作经多久就要发生一次，也就是提问发生的频率。how soon是问从现在起还有多久。21 Changjiang River is river in China A.long B.longer C.longest D.the longest 答案 D.22 Ill work I can.A.so hardly as B.s
31、o hard as C.as hardly as D.as hard as 答案 D.析 hard可用作形容词和副词，如：The desk was made of hard wood 又如：It is raining hard。而 hardly 是副词，其词义是几乎不，如：Hardly did I sleep last night.我昨晚几乎没有睡觉。而且hardly用于句首时要采用倒装语序。asas即可以用于肯定句，也可以用于否定句，但soas则只能用于否定句中。,例题解析,23 It is very to listen to him.A.interested B.interesting C
32、.interested in D.interest 答案 B.析 interest作为名词有两个词义，兴趣，银行中所讲的利息。而其形容词 interesting是使人感兴趣的，而interested是感兴趣的如：He is interested in English.24 Things are worse than I thought.A.more B.few C.very D.much 答案 D.析 只有much可以修饰比较级。25 It is one oclock,but her father hasnt come back.A.already B.still C.too D.yet 答案
33、 D.析 完成时的否定句尾要用yet，而already则用于肯定句。26 Comrade Chen is older than I.A.very B.more C.much D.quite 答案 C.析 只有much可以修饰比较级。可以修饰比较级的词还有much,far,even a little,by far等。,例题解析,27 She did her homework.A.carefully B.careful C.care D.careless 答案 A.析 这里应填入副词，而careless是由care加less后辍得来的，less意为没有，是否定之意，如：careless-不小心，h
34、omeless-无家可归。而carefully为副词。28 They cant answer the question in Japanese;we cant answer it,.A.also B.too C.either D.neither 答案 C.29-How are your parents?-They are very,thank you.A.good B.kind C.well D.happy 答案 C.析 由问句得知其询问的是身体如何，所以well作为身体状况不错时应视为形容词。30 Peter runs in our class.A.the fast B.faster C.f
35、astest D.most fast 答案 C.析 副词的最高级前可以加定冠词，也可以不加定冠词。,课时训练,单项填空1There are many young trees on sides of the road.A.every B.each C.both D.all2-Its so cold today.-Yes,its than it was yesterday.A.more cold B.more colder C.much colder D.cold3Little Tom has friends,so he often plays alone.A.more B.a little C.
36、many D.few4She isnt so at maths as you are.A.well B.good C.better D.best5Peter writes of the three.A.better B.best C.good D.well6He is enough to carry the heavy box.A.stronger B.much stronger C.strong D.the strongest7I bought exercise-books with money.A.a few;a few B.a few;a little C.a little;a few
37、D.a little;a little8The box is heavy for the girl carry.A.too;to B.to;too C.so;that D.no;to9The ice in the lake is about one meter.Its strong enough to skate on.A.long B.high C.thick D.wide,C,C,D,B,B,B,C,A,C,课时训练,10Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.A.so B.much C.very D.too1
38、1.Jone looks so _ today because she has got an“A”in her maths test.A.happy B.happily C.angry D.angrily12.The smile on my fathers face showed that he was _ with me.A.sad B.pleased C.angry D.sorry13.-Mum,could you buy me a dress like this?-Certainly,we can buy _ one than this,but _ this.A.a better;bet
39、ter than B.a worse;as good as C.a cheaper;as good as D.a more important;good as14.-This digital camera is really cheap!-The _ the better.Im short of money,you see.A.cheap B.cheaper C.expensive D.more expensive15.If you want to learn English well,you must use it as _ as possible.A.often B.long C.hard
40、 D.soon16.Paul has _ friends except me,and sometimes he feels lonely.A.many B.some C.few D.more17.English people _ use Mr.Before a mans first name.A.never B.usually C.often D.sometimes,B,A,B,C,B,C,A,A,18.-One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May.-Right.The government spoke _ that.A.
41、highly for B.high of C.well of D.highly of19.-Remember this,children._ careful you are,_ mistakes you will make.-We know,Miss Gao.A.The more;the more B.The fewer;the more C.The more;the fewer D.The less;the less20.I have _ to do today.A.anything important B.something important C.important nothing D.
42、important something21.Which is_ season in Beijing?I think its autumn.A.good B.better C.best D.the best22.It is_today than yesterday.Shall we go swimming this afternoon?A.the hottest B.hot C.hottest D.hotter,课时训练,D,C,B,D,D,用所给单词的适当形式填空1.My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday._(Fortunate),there was
43、no money in it.2.Mobile phones are _(wide)used in most of the cities in China.3.He put on his coat and went out _(quick).4.She is _(good)than Li Ping at swimming.5.A lot Chinese people are _(pride)of Yao Ming,a famous basketball star in NBA.6.To our surprise,he suddenly returned on a cold _(snow)nig
44、ht.7.Allie asked me _(polite)to put the things away.8.Its snowing hard.You must drive _(careful).9.The earth we live on is _(big)than the moon.10.Hainan is a very large island.Its the second _(large)island in China.,课时训练,Fortunately,widely,quickly,better,proud,snowy,politely,carefully,bigger,largest
45、,课时训练,用适当的形容词或副词填空(首字母已给出)1.A large number of mouths must be fed in those less d_ countries.2.That evening Beethoven played the music for the girl as well as u_.3.Hawaii is f_ its beautiful beaches.4.He often takes an a_ part in the sports meeting and he can get very good results each time.5.The per
46、formance was so w_ that everyone gave a long and loud applause(鼓掌).6.Jiefang Road is the b_ street in our city.7.She lay a_ for hours thinking over her business.8.I like ball games very much,but my f_ sport is playing basketball.9.The boy is too l_.He doesnt want to do anything.10.The dictionary is very u_.It will help you a lot.,eveloped,sual,amous,ctive,onderful,usiest,wake,avourite,azy,seful,See you next time!,
