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1、虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood,GRAMMAR 语法,陈述语气I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet.祈使语气Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.,一.语气的分类,英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。,虚拟语气If I were you,I would not leave her alone.Our teacher suggested that we g
2、o to the library this afternoon.,(The Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假设,愿望,怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等.,由 if 引导的虚拟条件句叫作 if虚拟条件句I could easily recognize if I had seen him before.其他虚拟条件句Without your help,I couldnt have finished my work on time.,三.if Sentence Structure if 虚拟条件句的结构,a.表示与现在事实相反
3、 的假设b.表示与过去事实相反 的假设c.表示与将来事实相反 的假设,虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法，主要看谓语动词的变化。,1）表示与现在事实相反,例如：If I were you,I should accept the invitation.如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。If I had time,I would go there.如果我有空，我就去那儿。,What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery,I would,If I won the lottery,I would buy an expensive car
4、.,If I had a lot of money,I would buy a villa.,a.If they _(be)here,they _(take)your advice.b.If the world-war _(burst)out again,what _(happen)to our people on earth?,were,would take,burst,would happen,PRACTICE 1:Fill in the blanks.,c.If the policeman _(be not)in that room,it _(be)very dangerous.d.If
5、 I _(be)in your position,I _(ask)for teachers help.,were not,could be,were,would ask,2）与过去事实相反,例如：If you had come earlier,you couldnt have missed the bus.如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。,If he _ more carefully,he _ the car acciden
6、t yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,If I _ how to swim,I _ trapped in this island.,had learnt,would not have been,a.If Tom _(be)more careful in the exam,he _(pass)it already.b.If you _(get)up earlier,you _(catch)the first train.,had been,would have passed,had got,would have caught,PRACTICE 2:
7、Fill in the blanks.,c.If I _(meet)you yesterday,we _(go)to the concert together.,had met,would have gone,3）与将来事实可能相反,例如：If he were to come,what should we say to him.假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？If he should see me,he would know me.假如他看见我,就会认识我。,If he got up early,he would be on time.,假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？,If he were to
8、 come,what should we say to him.,假如他看见我,就会认识我。,If he should see me,he would know me.,a.If there _(be)no natural resource any more,we _(make)use of nuclear power.b.What _(happen)if you _(get up)too late tomorrow?,should be,should make,would happen,should get up,PRACTICE 3:Fill in the blanks,c.If Robo
9、ts _(control)the world some day,here _(be)no friendship.,were to control,would be,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。例句：从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反 If you had asked him yesterday,you would know what to do now.,If the staff had been more careful,the mall would not be on fire now.,二.虚拟语气特殊句型:,
10、1.wish 的宾语从句,现在:过去时（were）过去:过去完成时未来:would/could/might+V.should,1.I wish I were a bird.(现在)2.I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.(过去)3.We wish our parents wouldnt punish us.(将来),他那样对待我,好像我式陌生人似的。,He treats me as if I were a stranger.,注意:如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。,Even if she were here,she coul
11、d not solve the problem.,3.Its(about/high)time+that该是做某事的时候了,过去时should+V.,你该走了。,Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.,4.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气，从句用should+v(原),should 可以省略,宾语从句中常见动词:一个坚持,两个命令,三个建议,四个要求。即1).insist
12、 2).order,command 3).advise,suggest,propose4).demand,require,request,desire,我们建议Tom 早点出发。We suggested that Tom should have start early.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.她坚决要求我和她一起逛街。She insisted that I(should)go shopping with her.,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句,表语从句和同
13、位语也要使用虚拟语气,从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,5.without和but for 构成虚拟。Without 如果没有，要不是but for要不是1.如果没有阳光，人们的生活将会不同。Without sunlight,peoples life would be different.2.要不是你的帮助，我不可能完成工作。But for your help,I wouldnt have finished the work.,6.If only 要是就好了要是我知道他的名字就好了。If only
14、 I knew his name!要是我没有错过火车就好了。If only I hadnt missed the train!要是我能够再见到他就好了。If only I could see him again!,7.Its necessary/strange/natural/important/pity/no wonder/impossible+that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟,即(should)+动词原形,Its necessary that we should study hard.It is strange that she refuse to come to the pa
15、rty.It is important that we(should)master a foreign language.,9.某些简单句的固定句型，表示祝愿，诅咒等:Heaven help him!God bless you!May you succeed!Long live the Peoples Republic of China!,Exercises I,1.You _ to the meeting yesterday.What was the reason for your absence?A.had come B.came C.would have come D.should ha
16、ve come2.“Have you visited the Science Museum?”“No,but I really wish I _.”A.had B.did C.haveD.will,3.Here is some money in case you _ it.A.needs B.need C.needed D.will need4.He demanded that the classroom _ at once.A.should clean B.clean C.should have been cleaned D.be cleaned,5.But for your careles
17、sness,we _.A.have succeeded B.had succeeded C.would have succeeded D.succeeded,6.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.were brokenD.had been broken7.Janes face suggested that she _ ill,and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination.A.be;s
18、hould have B.was;have C.should be;had D.was;has,8.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A.should be B.would be C.have been D.had been9.I wish I _ the meeting last week.A.could attend B.attended C.have attended D.had attended,10.My suggestion is that we _ the sports meeting.A.would
19、put off B.should put off C.putted off D.be put off11.It is necessary that our drinking water _ cleaner.A.should be made B.is made C.would be made D.was made,12.Dont come this afternoon.Id rather you _ tomorrow.A.come B.to come C.came D.will come13.The old professor gave orders that the experiment _
20、before 6.A.was finished B.will finish C.be finished D.shall be finished,II.根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充完整。1.Had I not seen it with my own eyes,I _(都不会相信的).2.If I should be free tomorrow,I _(会和你一起去).3.If you had listened to the doctor,you _(现在一切都好了).,would be all right now,wouldnt have believed it,would go with y
21、ou,4.Had Mark been in charge,it _(就不会发生了).5.Looking round the town,he felt as though he _(已经离开了好多年).,had been away for many years,wouldnt have happened,III.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1.If I _(know)more about giving first aid,I _(help)them when the accident happened.2.If I _(be)a man,I _(run)for president.3.Do y
22、ou think the thief entered through the side door?No,if he _(have),he _ _(not break)the window of the living room.,had known,could have helped,were,would run,had had,wouldnt,have broken,4.I would rather you _(stay)at home last night.5.I wish that the rain _(stop)immediately.6.They talked as if they _(be)good friends for many years.,had been,had stayed,would stop,翻译练习,1.我要是你的话,我就会把英语学好。2.如果你昨天来,你就会看见他。3.万一明天下雨,我们就不到那儿去。4.我希望我十年前认识他。5.他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。,Homework,
