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1、同学们:加油！,英语语法词性详解一 名词,一、什么是“名词”及名词的分类,二、可数名词变复数的规则,三、不可数名词,四、名词所有格,五、练习,、典型例题分析,、练习,（）,（）,（）,(4),(1),(2),名词:表示一类事物名称的词。,返回,1.规则变化,2.不规则变化,1、一般加-s,如:maps,cars,2、以s，x，sh,ch 结尾的加-es;如：dish-dishes,3、以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i,再加-es;如：baby-babies,family-families,4、以f,fe结尾的名词，通常要变f 或fe为v,再加-es;如:leaf-leaves,wife-wiv
2、es,life-lives,thief-thieves;注:belief-beliefs（信心）,roof-roofs（屋顶）,safe-safes（保险箱）,gulf-gulfs（海湾）则直接加s,5、以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：a.加s，如：photo photos,piano pianos,kilo-kilos,radio radios,zoo zoos；b.加es，如：potato potatoes，tomatotomatoes,hero heroes(英雄),改变部分字母：woman-women 妇女，man-men男人，policeman-polimen警察child-childr
3、en孩子，mouse-mice老鼠,foot-feet脚,tooth-teeth 牙,单、复数同形：yuan元,people人、人民,Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人,sheep绵羊,deer,fish,关于“国人”的复数：中、日友好：Chinese-Chinese中国人，Japanese-Japanese日本人英、法联邦：Englishman-Englishmen,英国男人 Englishwoman-Englishwomen英国女人;Frenchman-Frenchmen,法国男人 Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen法国女人;澳、加（真）美:Australian-Au
4、stralians,Canadian-Canadians,American-Americans,返回,不可数名词：（前面不能用a,an等来修饰）到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有：液体类(water)：juice(果法),tea（茶）,soup（汤）,milk（牛奶）,cola（可乐）,coffee（咖啡）,肉类(meat)：beef（牛肉）,pork（猪肉）,mutton（羊肉）粉末类：bread（面包）,抽象名词类：news（新闻，消息）,information（消息）,money（钱）,advice（建意）,friendship（友谊）,work（工作）,homework（家庭作业）,ho
5、usework（家务活）,schoolwork（学业）,help（帮助）,fun（乐趣）,health（健康）,price（价格）食物类（food)：broccoli（花椰菜）,rice（大米，米饭）,porridge（粥),junk food（垃圾食品）,chocolate（巧克力）,tofu（豆腐）,不可数名词计量的表达:个数单位词：piece（张、片、块、条）,容器单位词：bottle（瓶）,bag（包）,box（盒、箱）,类别单位词：kind(种、类)度量衡单位词：kilo(千克、公斤),返回,名词所有格：表示“（某人）的”:一般在名词后加 s 构成。如：Jims mother 吉姆的
6、妈妈 My teachers desk 我老师的桌子 the dogs name那狗的名字若以S结尾词，则在S后加.如：the boys 那些男孩的。表示几个人共同的东西，只在最后一个人后加。如：Lucy and Lilys mother。Lucy和Lily的妈妈（两人是姐妹）表示几个人都分别有的东西，则每个都加。如：Lucys and Lilys mothers.Lucy 的妈妈和Lily的妈妈（两人不是姐妹）一般用.of.结构来表示无生命的名词所有格：如：the door of the room 房间的门 a map of China一 张中国地图 the photos of my my
7、sister 我妹妹的照片双重所有格，例：a friend of my fathers,a classmate of mine,返回,典型题例分析,例1 下列几组复数名词中，每组都有一个错词，请指出：,1 A.Chinese B.Frenchmen C.Englishmen D.Germen,2.A.tomatoes B.photos C.radioes D.potatoes,3.A.desks B.Americans C.friends D.breads,4.A.stories B.families C.plays D.keies,5.A.leaves B.knives C.rooves D
8、.shelves,6.A.clothes B.monthes C.mouths D.fifths,返回,例2 判断下列文哪句译正确：多好的消息啊！A.What a good news it is!B.What good news it is!,例3 单项选择 What you need is more.Dont always do your at your desk.exercise;exercise B.exercises;exersises C.exercises;exercise D.exercise;exercises,例4 单项选择 All the teachers and stud
9、ents are having a party.A.women;girls B.women;girl C.woman;girls D.woman;girl,例5 改错 My trousers are too long,but hers is too short.,返回,例6 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：I dont think maths(be)easy.,例7 单项选择：Mabel gave me.A.two bread B.some breads C.a piece bread D.two pieces of bread,例8 改错：Shall I wait for you at th
10、e schools gate at five this after-noon?,例9 单项选择：mother is a worker.Mary and Mikes B.Marys and Mikes C.Marys ane Mike D.Mary and Mike,返回,例10 单项选择：1.After the exams,we shall have holiday.A.two months B.two-month C.a two month D.a two months 2.Mr Smith is.A.English B.Englishman C.Englishwoman D.English
11、men3.Wang Lei was born in Wuhan,but Guangzhou has become her second.A family B.home C.house D.country 4.Most Englist peoples family name comes A.first B.middle C.last D.together 5.There is a over the river.A.ship B.boat C.bridge D.village,例13 改错 Youd better have walk after supper.,返回,用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：
12、,1The two girls are(Japan).,2.The(baby)are asleep.,3.Do you know the two(man teacher)?,4.The(child)are washing their(foot).,5.There are two(people)and lots of(sheep)in the fields.,6.September 10 is(teacher)Day.,7.I think physics(be)more interesting than maths.,8.Dont you think the(radio)are too nois
13、y?,9.Whose(knife)are these?,10.“Whose house is this?”“Its the(Smith)”.,返回,单项选择：,The boy dropped the and broke it.A.cup of coffee B.coffees cup C.cup for coffee D.coffee cup,2.In time,those mountains will be covered with trees,too.A.few years B.a few years C.a few year D.a few years,3.Granny is badly
14、 ill.We have to take her to the.A.farm B.post office C.ship D.hospital,4.I have to tell you.A.a news B.many news C.a good piece of news D.many newses,5.are sold in that shop.A.Mens and childrens shoes B.Mens and childs shoesC.Mens and children shoes D.Man and child shoes,6.If anyone comes to see me,
15、ask him to leave a.A.message B.letter C.sentence D.notice,7.Miss Smith is a friend of.A.Marys mothers B.Marys mother C.Mary mothers D.Mothers of Mary.,8.If these trousers are too big,buy a smaller.A.piece B.kind C.copy D.pair,9.Its my dog.A.sister Lilys B.sisters Lilys C.sister Lily D.sisters Lily,1
16、0.She had beautiful black but I could see some white.A.hair;hair B.hairs;hairs C.hair;hairs D.hairs;hair,返回,名称 总称(谓语用复数)一个人 两个人 中国人the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人the Italia
17、ns an Italian two Italians 希腊人the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法国人the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美国人the Americans an American two Americans 印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人the Germans a Germans two Germans 英
18、国人the Englishan Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人the Swedish a Swede two Swedes,注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen.但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans,1.名词前的修饰词：放在可数名词复数前的有：many(许多）,few（很少）,a few（一些）,放在不可数名词复数前的有:much(许多）,little（很少）,a little（一些）(可数、不可数前）都可放的词有：a lot of,lots
19、 of(许多）,some（一些）,2.有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼,3.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。b.news 是不可数名词。c.the United States，the United Nations(联合国)应视为单数。d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.是一本非常有趣的故事书。,注：物主代词不可与 a,a
20、n,this,that,these,those,some,any,several,no,each,every,such,another,which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。公式为：a,an,this,that+名词+of+名词性物主代词。如：a friend of mine.each brother of his.,返回,复合名词应该属于一种构词法。之所以把它放到名词来讲，是因为复合名词首先它也属于名词，而且很多都是由名词+名词构成。通过它可以加深我们对名词的理解，扩大我们的词汇量。如:river bank河岸，江岸 winterclothes冬季服装 kitchenta
21、ble厨房用的桌子 复合名词的意思一般都是构成词的意思而得出的。例如，winterclothes就是winter 冬天+clothes衣服=冬季衣服。不仅仅名词+名词=新名词。复合名词还可以由其他方法构成。例如，名词+动名词：weight-lifting举重；动名词+名词：diningroom餐厅，食堂等等,指点迷津,Ten years _(is,are)short time for me.A pair of shoes _(is,are)under the bed.The number of the students in our school _(is,are)2,000.The woma
22、n with two children _(is,are)coming here.Neither he nor I _(are,am)an American.,is,is,is,is,am,NOUN.,1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_.Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2.How far is your school from here？Not very farIts about twenty walk.（2000杭州）Aminutes Bminutes Cminute
23、s 3.There are three in my family.(2004长春）A.people B.person C.child 4.Most students can go to college for further in our city.A.education B.information C.science 5.This is bedroom.The twin sister like it very much.A.Ann and Jane B.Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes,典型例题解析,C,C,A,A,B,NOUN.,典型例题解析,The Brown
24、s is going to visit China.()The Browns are going to visit China.()The young is dancing there.()The young are dancing there.()Physics are very difficult to learn.()Physics is very difficult to learn.()We have five Germen in this meeting.()We have five Germans in this meeting.()This is one of the Engl
25、ish-Chinese dictionary.()This is one of the English-Chinese dictionaries.(),NOUN.,()1.Please give me _ paper.A.one B.a piece C.a D.a piece of()2.This table is made of_.A.many glass B.some glasses C.glasses D.glass()3.Bill runs fast.He won the _ 800 metre race yesterday.Aboys Bboys Cboy Dboys.()4.Som
26、e _ came to our school for a visit that day.A.Germans B.Germen C.Germany D.Germanies()5.In the picture there are many_ and two_.A.sheeps;foxes B.sheeps;foxes C.sheep;foxes D.sheep;foxs,课时训练,D,D,B,A,C,选择填空：,NOUN.,()6.This is not my cap,but my _.A.brothersB.brothersC.brothersD.brother()7.They write mo
27、st of their_ in English.A.business letter B.business letters C.businesses D.businesses letters()8._are_for cutting things.A.Knife,used B.Knives,using C.Knife,using D.Knives,used()9.John bought_for himself yesterday.A.two pairs of shoes B.two pair of shoeC.two pair of shoes D.two pairs shoes()10.Excu
28、se me,where is the_?A.mens room B.mens room C.mens rooms D.men rooms,B,B,D,A,A,NOUN.,根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Different people may have different _.(idea)2.I often go to work on.(foot)3.I know one of the.(boy)4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of.(glass)5.Please give them their.(photo)6.Are there any in the box?(w
29、atch)7.There are twelve in a year.(month)8.Would you like some?(tomato)9.Look at those in the boats!(people)10.Look!The are singing.(woman)11.September 10th is Day.(teacher)12.Jim has some.(knife)13.How much are these?(vegetable)14.My school is twenty _ walk from here.(minute)15.The girl under the tree is a friend of_.(Lucy),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,months,tomatoes,people,women,Teachers,knives,vegetables,minutes,Lucys,NOUN.,
