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1、句子成分和句子的基本类型,句子成分,主语subject谓语verb/predicate宾语 object定语 attributive,状语 adverbial补语 complement同位语 appositive,主语 谓语 宾语,找到下面句中的“主语”、“谓语”、“宾语”因此这是个典型的“主谓宾”句型。,I,beat,you.,主语,谓语,宾语,SVO,主语(Subject),主语是动作的主体部分在主动句中：主语是动作的发出者I teach you English.在被动句中：主语是动作的承受者You are beaten.主语一般由名词、代词或数词充当。Twelve divided by
2、four is three.（数词）主语还可以由从句或动词的非限定形式充当。What I want to do is join the party.Smoking is harmful to your health.To learn English is difficult.,谓语(Predicate),谓语表示一个动作、行为，由动词充当。I teach you English.一个句子能不能没有谓语？-Who is knocking at the door?-Me.一个句子不能没有谓语。,宾语(Object):,分类：动词宾语：动作涉及的对象。I love you.介词宾语：介词涉及的对象。
3、I want to give this book to you.,宾语一般由名词、代词充当。宾语也可以是一个从句或动词的非限定形式。He told me that he felt lonely.He likes swimming.He continued to talk.,定语(Attributive):,作用:用于修饰、限定名词或代词。定语一般由形容词充当。a beautiful girl定语还可以由名词充当，表用途。a pencil box,由从句或动词的非谓语形式充当。Those who want to learn English well should study harder tha
4、n others.an interesting booka meeting to attend由副词（词组）或介词（词组）充当。The man over thereThe books on the shelf,状语(Adverbial),状语是用于修饰副词、形容词或动词的成分。表示时间、地点、原因、方式、伴随、让步、转折、目的、条件。状语一般由副词充当。Those problems are pretty hard.形容词也可以充当状语（表示原因或时间，位于句首或句中）。Happy to see him,she forgot everything.,Angry at the girl overs
5、leeping,Mr.Green went down to wake her up.Enthusiastic,they are quite cooperative.=When they are enthusiastic,they are quite cooperative.,形容词或形容词短语可以在句首作状语，表示说话人的态度。Strange,he should have done such a thing.奇怪，他做了这样一件事。,形容词做状语与副词做状语的区别：形容词做状语，表示该状语可以和主语构成系表结构。Happy,he goes to sleep.He is happy.系表结构 副
6、词作状语：副词是修饰动词的。Happily,he goes to sleep.副词修饰整个句子,介词词组、非谓语动词和从句也可以充当状语。They managed to finish the job before Monday.（介词词组）The old man sat on the bench,enjoying the sun-set.（现在分词词组）As he was leaving the office,it started to rain.（时间状语从句）,补语(Complement),补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。补语一般由名词或形容词充当。I am a teacher.
7、(S C)Dont leave me alone.(O C),主语补语,宾语补足语,PS：位于连系动词后的主语补语又称“表语”。,Notice:这是一句“SVC”句型不是“SVO”,副词、介词（词组）、动词的非限定形式或从句都可以在系动词后充当补语。Time is up.(adv.)They are in the classroom.(prep.)The place is where we first met each other.（clause）副词、介词（词组）或动词的非限定形式也可以充当宾语补足语。She laid the baby on the bed.(prep.)I saw him
8、 rushing into the classroom.,随着语态的变化，主语补语和宾语补语是发生变化的。Everyone calls him Jack.（宾补）He is called Jack.（主补）,同位语(Appositive),同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明同位语一般由名词或名词词组充当The Great Wall,one of the wonders in the world,attracts a large number of foreign friends.名词性从句也可以充当同位语（修饰抽象名词为多）The news that he we
9、nt abroad surprised me.,句子的基本类型,基本句型SV、SVA这两个基本句型的共同点是谓语动词均为不及物动词。SV句型 They have arrived.SVA句型The famous writer lived in the 18th century.,比较SV和SVA句型,区别在于状语A是不是不可或缺的：如果没有状语句子仍能被理解，这是SV句型。如果没有状语句子不能被理解，这是SVA句型。,基本句型SVC 主系表结构,谓语动词为连系动词。系动词：Be动词，keep,remain,stay,lie,prove,stand,seem,appear,look,become,
10、grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run,feel,smell,sound,taste,表语：用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态，表语常由名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、-ing分词、-ed分词或从句来充当，它常位于系动词之后。She was the first to learn about it.,不定式、-ing分词与-ed分词作表语的区别 不定式和-ing分词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；-ed分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。1.Our plan is to keep the affair se
11、cret.我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。（主语和表语相等）2.This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world.这个美丽的村庄仍未外界所知。（主语和表语不相等）,不定式和动名词作表语的区别 不定式和动名词作表语虽都是用于回答主语“是什么”的，但二者仍有一些区别。不定式作表语强调的是一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作；动名词作表语强调的是一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作。His job is to paint the walls.他的工作是粉刷这些墙,基本句型SVO SVOA：区别在于A是否必须存在,SVO句型 I love you very much!SVOA句型 I put the bottle on the desk.,基本句型 SVOC,这个基本句型的特点是谓语动词可以接复合宾语结构。SVOC句型 I saw him rushing out of the room.,基本句型 SVoO,这个基本句型的特点是谓语动词可以接双宾语。SVoO句型 I gave him the book.I gave the book to him.辨别直接宾语、间接宾语的依据：放在介词后的宾语为间接宾语,
