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1、大学英语四级翻译,主讲人：张荣,（1）句型以及其倒装使用,2008年6月翻译真题第91题：_（直到他完成使命）did he realize that he was seriously ill.,2008年6月翻译真题第91题：_（直到他完成使命）did he realize that he was seriously ill.(Key：Not until he accomplished/finished the mission),例：Not only _(他向我收费过高)but he didnt do a good repair.,Not only did he charge me too m
2、uch(他向我收费过高)but he didnt do a good repair.,Not only.but alsoSo(Such)that.Not until.Neither.nor.Hardly/barely/scarcely.when.No sooner than.Only by/through/in.,.,87.The university authorities did not approve the regulation，_（也没有解释为什么）。,87.The university authorities did not approve the regulation，_（也没有
3、解释为什么）。nor did they make any explanation/nor did they give the reason for doing so,（2）从句,a.定语从句,2008年12月翻译真题第87题：Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _(他们至今还没有答案),2008年12月翻译真题第87题：Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _(他们至今还没有答案)（Key:wh
4、ich/that they havent found answers to）,b.状语从句,真题中出现过如if 条件状语从句（2007 年6月第 91题），no matter引导的让步状语从句（2007年12月第89题和2008年6月第89题）,89.Leaving ones job，_，（不管是什么工作），is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring.,89.Leaving ones job，_，（不管是什么工作），is a difficult change even for those who look
5、forward to retiring.89.whatever job it is/no matter what job it is,主语从句,90._（很多人所没有意识到的）is that Simon is a lover of sports，and football in particular。,90._（很多人所没有意识到的）is that Simon is a lover of sports，and football in particular。答案：what many people dont realize/what a host of folks dont realize,2.1
6、主语从句,（1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2)连词位于句首不能省略（3)主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数,但也有例外,What we need are good doctors.,（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasnt been
7、 decided yet.（4）Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（5）Whatever you did is right.（6）What we need is time.,（1）It is certain that he will win the match.（2）It is still a question whether she will come or not.,It is still a question whether she will come or not.,It turned out that；I
8、t has been proved that;It happened/occurred that；It is well-known that等等,2.2 宾语从句,(1)宾语从句(通常是由that引导的宾语从句)常置于句末并用it作形式宾语。例如：We think it important that Mary should tell the truth.,that 从句作介词宾语只用于except that和in that结构。例如：His report is correct except that some details are omitted.Criticism and self-cri
9、ticism is necessary in that it helps us to correct our mistakes.,Tell me how you went to school.John wondered why he was wanted by the police,but he went to the station yesterday.I am not interested in what he is doing.The boss asked me whether/if she was qualified for the task.,2.3 同位语从句,We cant so
10、lve the problem how we can travel faster than light.,2.4 定语从句,(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(2)He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.（3）The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher,why=for which where=in/at/on/ich(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/.which(介词同先行词搭配),This is the ho
11、use in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？Do you remember the day when you joined our club？,2.5状语从句,1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.条件状语从句5.目的状语从句6.让步状语从句7.比较状语从句8.方式状语从句9.结果状语从句,时间状语从句,常用引导词：when,as,while,as soon
12、as,before,after,since,till,until 特殊引导词：the minute,the moment,the second,every time,the day，the instant,immediately,directly,no sooner than,hardly when,scarcely when No sooner had I arrived home,then it began to rain.,常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever,anywhere,everywhere,常用引导词：because,since,as,for 特殊引导词：see
13、ing that,now that,in that,considering that,given that.,目的状语从句常用引导词：so that,in order that 特殊引导词：lest,in case,for fear that，in the hope that,for the purpose that,to the end that,结果状语从句常用引导词：so that,such that,特殊引导词：such that,to the degree that,to the extent that,to such a degree that,条件状语从句常用引导词：if,unl
14、ess,特殊引导词：as/so long as,only if,providing/provided that,supposing that,in case that,on condition that,让步状语从句常用引导词：though,although,even if,even though 特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while(一般用在句首)，no matter，in spite of the fact that,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever Much as I respec
15、t him,I cant agree to his proposal.,比较状语从句常用引导词：as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：the more the more;just as，so;A is to B what/as X is to Y;no more than;not A so much as B,方式状语从句常用引导词：as,as if,how 特殊引导词：the way When in Rome,do as the Roman do.,2.6表语从句,名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句，例如：The problem is how we can g
16、et the things we need.,（3）虚拟语气,虚拟语气,89.The professor required that(我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.,89.The professor required that(我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.89.we(should)hand in our research report,87.You would not have failed if you _（按照我的指令去做）。,87.You would not have failed if you _（按照我的指令去做）。87.had followed my in
17、structions。,88.If she had returned an hour earlier，Mary _（就不会被大雨淋了）答案：wouldnt have been caught by the heavy rain,88.Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that _（能被分配做另一项工作）,88.Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that _（能被分配做另一项工作）解析：she could be assign
18、ed（to）another job,1.条件句中虚拟语气的形式,三种不同的形式。(1)将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If he should go to Qing Hua University,he would make full use of his time.If he were to come here,he would tell us about it.,(2)现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If he were free,he would help us.If he studied at this school,he would know you well.,(3)过去时的条件句中
19、的虚拟语气。如：If I had seen the film,I would have told you about it.If I had got there earlier,I would have met Mr.Li.,(3)当虚拟语气的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可省略，而将were,should,had等词置于句首。如：1.Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.2.Were she here,she would agree with us.3.Had he learnt about compute
20、rs,we would have hired him to work here.,for fear that,in case,lest,should+动词原形。She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in.He started out earlier lest he should be late.,as if,as though状语从句,They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long.He coughed twice as i
21、f someone should come.,三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气,1英语中，如：advise,ask,demand,desire,decide,insist(坚决要求),order,propose,request,suggest(建议)表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其的结构为：(should)+原形动词。如：The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here.老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。The Party asked that we should se
22、rve the people with our heart and soul.党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。,wish,I wish I learnt English well.我希望我已学好了英语。I wish I had been there with them last week.我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。He wishes we could go and play games with him.他希望我们能去跟他做游戏,would rather,had rather,would sooner,Id rather you had seen the film yesterday.Id
23、 rather you were here now.Wed rather you went here tomorrow.,主语从句,(1)It is admirable/dreadful/extraordinary/odd/remarkable/sad/advisable/annoying/disappointing/surprising/upsetting/frightening/better/best/curious/desirable/important/strange/peculiar/proper/necessary/natural that(2)It is a pity/a sha
24、me/no wonder.that(3)It is suggested/requested/desired/proposed/.that(4)It worries me that,We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help.,It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.It is high time you should go to work.,比较级,90.The more you explain,(我愈糊涂).90.the more conf
25、used I am,90.On average，it is said，visitors spend only _（一半的钱）in a day in Leeds as in London.90.half as much（money）,88.Since my childhood I have found that _（没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力）88.nothing is more attractive to me than reading或to me，nothing is more important than reading,1.由“as+形容词+as”或“as+形容词+名词+as”构成。M
26、y grandpa is as energetic as a young man.2.由“not so(as)+形容词+as”或“not so(as)+形容词+名词+as”构成。Luckily the weather was not so wet as it is today.,由“many/much more+可数/不可数名词+than”My friend earned much more money than I did last year.,1.表示“越来越”的意思:“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more/less and less+原级”结构，与这类结构搭配的常用动词
27、有grow,get,become等。She felt herself becoming more and more nervous.As the winter is drawing near,its getting colder and colder.,2.表示两者之间更the+比较级+of the two+名词。Jane is the taller of the two children in our family.3.表示“越，越”:“the+比较级，the+比较级”，The more magazines you sell,the more money you will get.,4.“否
28、定+比较级”相当于最高级。Wait until we get a satisfactory reply,will you?I couldnt agree more.The idea sounds great to me.,倍数表示法：times as+形容词原级+as；times+形容词比较级+than；times the+性质名词+of。The dining hall is three times as large as that one.The dining hall is three times larger than that one.The dining hall is three
29、times the size of that one.,比较级前面可以用even,still,yet,any,much,a little,a lot,by far等修饰语用以加强或表示比较程度。To tell you the truth,my boyfriend is much older than me.,（3）非谓语动词,a.分词做伴随状语,2008年6月第90题：_(与我成长的地方相比)this town is more prosperous and exciting.(key:Compared with the place where I grew up)注意，答案中除过去分词（com
30、pared with）做伴随外，还含有where引导的定语从句。,b.动词不定式做目的状语,2006年6月第88题_(为了挣钱供我上学)，Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.(Key:to support my university studies),Vt.+V-ing（习惯上取动名词为直接宾语）（如例A、B）admit（承认），advise（劝告），avoid（避免），consider（考虑），escape（脱逃），finish（做完），keep（on）（持续），practice（练习），quit（停止），resist（抵
31、抗），risk（冒险），stand（忍受否定句），stop（停止），understand（了解），etc.,Vt.+V-ing/to V（动名词或不定式皆可，表达的意思大致相同。）（如例C）begin（开始），cease（停止），continue（继续），fear（恐惧），start（开始），etc,Vt.+V-ing/to V（可取动名词，也可取不定式，但表达的意思不相同或用法不相同。）（如例D）dislike（不喜欢），forget（忘却），hate（讨厌；恨），like（喜欢），love（爱；喜欢），need（需要），remember（记得），try（尝试），want（需要），etc,情
32、态动词,90.Some psychologists claim that people_（出门在外时可能会感到孤独）,90.Some psychologists claim that people_（出门在外时可能会感到孤独）90.might feel lonely when they are far from home/are not in their hometown/traveling.,88.I cant boot my computer now.Something _（一定出了毛病）with its operation system.,88.I cant boot my comput
33、er now.Something _（一定出了毛病）with its operation system.88.must be wrong,87.Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research_。（能应用于新技术的开发）,87.Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research_。（能应用于新技术的开发）87.can be applied to the development of the new technology.,1对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词+动词原形”。1
34、She must/may/might/could arrive before 5.5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。,2对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词+be”，“情态动词+be doing”或“情态动词+动词原形”。1He must/may/might/could be listening to the radio now.他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。2He cant(couldnt)/may(might)not be at home at this time.这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。,3对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词+have+过去分词”。,1It must/may/might
35、/could have rained last night.The ground is wet.地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。2The door was locked.He can(could)not/may(might)not have been at home.门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。,五、常用词组,：尤其是动介词组，如adapt to.,have trouble/difficulty doing，be likely to do.,attribute to.等类似样式。,87.Having spent some time in the city,he had no troubl
36、e(找到去历史博物馆的路).答案：87.（in）finding the way to the history museum,87 _（多亏了一系列的新发明），doctors can treat this disease successfully.87.Thanks to/because of a series of new inventions,87.Thanks to/because of a series of new inventions,91.The nations population continues to rise_（以每年1200万人的速度）91.at a speed/rat
37、e of 12 million per year 或 at an annual speed of 12 million,87.Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to_（适应不同文化中的生活）87.adapt oneself to life/living in different cultures,89.Because of the leg injury，the athlete_（决定退出比赛）。90.To make donations or for more information，please _（按以下
38、地址和我们联系）。91.Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _（如果你方便的话）。,89.Because of the leg injury，the athlete_（决定退出比赛）。90.To make donations or for more information，please _（按以下地址和我们联系）。91.Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _（如果你方便的话）。89.decided to quit the match90.contact us at the following address91.at your convenience/if it is convenient for you,
