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1、大学英语四级翻译专项训练,主讲人：缪爽,主要问题,一、核心语法 虚拟语气、定语从句、主语从句、非谓语动词二、固定搭配和常规用法,虚拟语气,一、“时态向前推移规律”及其试用范围,例句,I would certainly go if I had the time.(与现在事实相反)If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.(与将来事实相反)She would have come if we had invited her.(与过去事实相反),在错综时间句中,谓语动词“具体问题，具体分析”If you hadnt watched tele
2、vision so late,you wouldnt be so sleepy now.(从去与过去时间相反，主句与现在情况相反)If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.(从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符),If they had informed us,we would not come here now.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的话
3、，我们会已经派他去北京了。If she had returned an hour earlier,Mary wouldnt have been caught in the rain.（2009，6月真题）,The victim would have a chance to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.(2006年12月真题),虚拟语气练习,1.If I were you,I an umbrella.(take)2.If I knew his telephone number,I you.(tell)3.If I had go
4、tten there earlier,I her.(meet)4.If he should come here tomorrow,I to him.(talk),5.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we skating.（not go）6.If I had worked hard at school,I an engineer,too.(be)7.If he were free today,we him to Beijing.(send)8.If he knew her,he her.(greet),虚拟语气练习题答案,1.If I were yo
5、u,I would take an umbrella.2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.3.If I had gotten there earlier,I should/could have met her.4.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.,虚拟语气练习题答案,1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella.2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.3.If I
6、had gotten there earlier,I should/could have met her.4.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.,虚拟语气练习题答案,1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella.2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.3.If I had gotten there earlier,I should/could have met her.4.If he should come here tomorr
7、ow,I would talk to him.,1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella.2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.3.If I had gotten there earlier,I should/could have met her.4.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.,5.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.6.If
8、I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.7.If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.8.If he knew her,he would have greeted her.,特殊的固定搭配用法,一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(mand)四建议(advice.suggest.propose)五要求(demand.require.request.desire.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：should+d
9、o。should可以省略。,The professor required that we(should)hand in our research reports by Wednesday.(2006年6月真题)I suggested he should adapt himself to his new conditions.(2006年1月真题),定语从句,关系副词,Where的用法在定语从句中作地点状语，代指地点。Potato can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.有些太冷不能种水稻的地方，可以种马铃薯。When的用
10、法在定语从句中做时间状语，指代时间。I shall never forget the days when we worked on the farm.Why的用法在定语从句中做原因状语。I have come around to explain the reason why I was absent from the meeting.,Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从
11、句中作宾语）The book which/that is on the table is mine.（做主语）The book which/that you bought yesterday is good.(做宾语)The book whose cover is blue is mine.(做定语),关系代词练习,The boy and the dog _ are in the picture are very lovely.He came back for the book _ he had forgotten.Our chemistry teacher is a man _ can ma
12、ke his class lovely and interesting.Mr.White invited many friends to his party _ he respected much.This is the pencil _ point is broken.,关系代词练习答案,The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.(先行词既有人又有物，固用that)He came back for the book which he had forgotten.（which在定从中作宾语，代指主句中的the boo
13、k）Our chemistry teacher is a man who/that can make his class lovely and interesting.Mr.White invited many friends to his party whom/that he respected much.(whom/that在定从中做respected的宾语)This is the pencil whose point is broken.（whose做point的定语）,关系副词练习,1.Make marks in places _ you have questions.2.I stil
14、l remember the time _ we first met scores of years ago.3.Tell me the reason _ you left me.4.That is the day _ he went to college.5.This is the place _ he used to live.,关系副词练习答案,1.Make marks in places where you have questions.2.I still remember the time when we first met scores of years ago.3.Tell me
15、 the reason why you left me.4.That is the day when he went to college.5.This is the place where he used to live.,Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems that/which they have no solutions to till now/to which they havent found answers so far.（2008年12月真题）The prevention and
16、 treatment of AIDS is the field where(in which)we can cooperate.（2007年6月真题）,They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。（做定语）A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作主语）The package(which/that)you are carry
17、ing is about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在句中作宾语）,非谓语动词,动词不定式动名词,动词不定式,to+动词原型可以理解为“固定搭配”或“常识”John said that he had run in order to catch the bus.He hate to be misunderstood by others.Were happy to have been working with you.Its kind of you to say so.,动名词,动词原形+ing(是名词),I am sure that he
18、will come in time.=I am sure of his coming in time.He is proud that he is selected as monitor.=He is proud of being selected as monitor.Im confident that he have passed the exam.=Im confident of his having passed the exam.He complained that he have been wronged by others.=he complained of having bee
19、n wronged by others.,动名词充当主语,Asking for help is sometimes necessary.Eating too much is not good for your health.Teaching offers something besides money and power.,主语从句,what=the thing that What many people havent realized is that Simon is a lover of sports,and football in particular.(2009年6月真题)What most parents are concerned about is providing the best education possible for their children.(2008年12月真题),
