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1、定语从句一、关系代词 who,whom,whose,that,which,as,but（否定关系代词）1、代表定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，即先行词。2、在从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语、表语 定语。Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.There is no one of us but wishes to go.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whosefamily was poor.二、关系副词 when,where,why,相当于定语从句中相关的一个副词或介词短语。在定语从句中作状语。
2、This is the place where I once lived.比较：This is the place(that/which)I once visited.需要注意的几个问题一、限定性定语从句：是辨认先行词所代表的人或 物所 不可缺少的定语。不可去掉，否则意思不清 楚。关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。主从句之间无逗号分开。从句与先行词关系密切。Those students who dont pass the end-of-term exam may not join the English Group.This is the best book(that)I have ever
3、 read.二、非限定性定语从句：只对先行词提供附带事实，把它去掉整句意思仍然完整。不能用that引导，,关系代词在从句中作宾语时不可省略，主从句之 间有逗号分开。这种从句和主句之间几乎是并列 关系。Last night I saw a very good film,which is aboutthe Long March.We went to the industrial exhibition,where we saw all kinds of new machines.三、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 The earth on which we live is a big ball.Th
4、e PLA man(whom)we have often heard of will come tomorrow.(误）You can go to which you like to.（正）You can go where you like to.(状从）,1、这种结构中的介词可以放在句末。在限定性从句中，若关系代词作宾语，可以省略，但介词不可省。The earth(that)we live on is a big ball.2、短语动词在从句中作谓语时，其中的介词不可分开。Is this the thing(which)you are looking for?The students who
5、 are got rid of by school are not allowed to join the army.3、非限定性从句中，关系代词前的介词不可后置，介词和关系代词也不可省略。Jack,from whom we have learned a lot,is an engineer.,4、“名词（或代词）介词关系代词”结构 当“介词关系代词”在定从中作定语时，用此特殊结构表达。这种结构中的介词常用 of，表示“所有的”，该介词位置不可改变，关系代词不可省。Our school has eighty teachers,thirty of whom are women.(或of whom
6、 thirty)They live in a house,the door of which opens tothe south.(或of which the door;或whose door)There are many books on the desk,some of whichbelong to Tim.,四、that 与 which 引导定语从句时的区别 1、指物时，一般无区别 2、在下列情况下关系代词一般用that,不用which:（1）先行词是不定代词 all,few,little,much,everything,anything,nothing 时；Everything tha
7、t takes up space and has weight is matter.I saw much that was bad.All that we have to do is to practise every day.*We have found something that/which might improve your working condition.（2）先行词被 all,any,each,every,few,little,no,some 等修饰时；I have read all the books that you gave me.,（3）先行词被the only,th
8、e very,the same,the last 修饰时；He is the only person that is able to speak Arabian.A girl is not the same as a boy is.It is the same book that I showed you yesterday.比:It is the same book as I showed you yesterday.（4）当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；Ill never forget the first lesson that he gave me.Kate is the most
9、 diligent student that is known tous all.（5）先行词既有人又有物时；They talked of the things and persons that theyremembered.,3、在下列情况下关系代词一般用which,不用that:（1）在非限定性定从中；（2）在介词后；（3）当定语从句不是修饰一个确定的名词或代词，而是修饰整个句子或其中一部分时，用which,意思是 and this。The sun heats the earth,which is very importantto living things.I said nothing,
10、which made him still more angry.（4）在that 或 those 后用(sb.Who)(sth.which)This is an English book.That which is on the shelfis a Russian book.All those which I saw were old.,四、注意：1、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上与先行词保持一致。There are many thousands of stars in the sky thatare like the sun.2、要避免定语从句中句子成分的重复。Th
11、is is the book which I borrowed it last week.That is the place where Jane once lived there.3、注意句子的完整性。（误）One day when I was taking a walk in the college garden.4、独立关系代词 what=that which 或 all that。只能引导名词性从句，不引导定语从句。,This is what Mr.Li said at the meeting.（误）This is all what Mr.Li said at the meeting.
12、5、关系代词和关系副词一般应尽量靠近先行词。He put the dictionary on the desk he bought yesterday.He put the dictionary he bought yesterday on thedesk.6、疑问代词who一般不与关系代词who同用。Who is the man that is sitting beside Ken?7、修饰表示时间的名词day,time,moment等时，可用that 代替when。（多用于口语）It happened on the day(that/when)I was born.,Practice:1.
13、All _ is needed is a supply of oil.A.the thing B.that C.what D.which2.He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows,most of _ hadnt been cleaned for a year.A.these B.those C.that D.which3.She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that4._ he said at the meeting
14、astonished every-body present.A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter5.The weather turned out to be very good,_was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.if,6.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned tothe small town _ they grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D when7.Carol sa
15、id the work would be done by October,_ personally I doubt very much.A.it B.that C.when D.which8.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_,of course,made the others unhappy.A.who B.which C.this D.what9.I shall never forget those years _ I lived in thecountry with the farmers,_ has
16、a great effect onmy life.A.that;that B.when;which C.which;that D.when;who,10._ is known to all,China will be an _and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.A.That;advancing B.This;advanced C.As;advanced D.It;advancing11.In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.,_many people have
17、 gone home.A.whose time B.that C.on which D.by which time12.All of the flowers raised here have developedfrom those _ in the forest.A.once they grew B.they grew once C.that once grew D.once grew,13.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_was very reasonable.A.which price B.the price of which C.it
18、s price D.the price of whose14.She found her calculator _ she lost it.A.where B.when C.which D.in which15.He took all _ was here and left nothing.A.what B.which C.that D.whose16.Its almost three years _ I last saw her.A.since B.when C.that D.whose17.The second book _ I want to read is Travelin China
19、.A.which B.what C.that D.as,18.The boy handed everything _ he had pickedup in the street to the police.A.which B.that C.what D.whatever19.September 18,1931 is the day _ well neverforget.A.that B.when C.on which D.on that20.The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A.which B.whose C.t
20、hat D.it21.You may borrow any book _.A.that you interest B.which you are interested C.that interests you D.which interests you,22.The dictionary _is sold out in the bookshop.A.you need B.what you need C.which you need it D.that you need it23.Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?A.which B.wher
21、e C.in which D.what24.The continent _ I visited last year was not the one _ I once worked.A.which;where B.which;which C.where;which D.where;where25.Do you remember one evening a week ago_I came to your room and borrowed a dictionary?A.that B.which C.when D.where26.Is this the place_Lenin once lived?
22、A.that B.which C.where D.when,27.She still remembers the days_ she was in the country _ she was young.A.as;that B.which;when C.when;as D.during which;that28.The beautiful village,_ we spent our holidaylast month,lies at the foot of a mountain.A.where B.that C.which D.where29.The room _ we do experim
23、ents is a lab.A.on which B.in that C.that D.where30.She had two daughters,_ became doctors.A.all of them B.all of whom C.both of them D.both of whom,31.The two things _ they felt very proud wereJims gold watch and Dellas hair.A.about which B.of which C.in which D.for which32.The magazine_ Betty paid
24、 one dollar wasvery good.A.that B.which C.for which D.to which33.The shop I bought a new dress _last Sundaymorning had been pulled down.A.in B.on C./D.during34.Im one of the boys _ never late for school.A.that is B.who are C.who am D.who is35.Is this museum _ they visited last month?A.that B.where C
25、.which D.the one,36.Her sister,_ you met at my home,was a teacher of English.A.whom B.that C.which D./37.The old man _ yesterday is a scientist.A.I spoke B.I spoke to C.whom I spoke D.that I spoke to him38.The young man_ is an engineer of our factory.A.that you just talked B.whom you just talked to
26、C.which you just talked to D.who you just talked39.The house _roof was damaged has now beenrepaired.A.whos B.whose C.that D.of which40.Is this the museum _ they visited last month?A.when B.where C.which D.the one,41.These books are for students _ native lang-uage is not English.A.of whom B.that C.wh
27、ich D.whose42.He was the man_ Master of the Game wastranslated.A.by whom B.by who C.by whose D.by him43.At noon they got to a hill,_ stood a temple.A.on the top of that B.on which the top C.on the top at which D.on the top of which44.The clever boy made a hole in the wall,_ hecould see what was happ
28、ening inside the house.A.in which B.through which C.at which D.on which,45.The first birthday gift her parents _ was anecklace.A.gave it to her B.gave her C.gave her it D.gave it for her46.I have never heard such stories _ he tells.A.what B.which C.as D.like47.I shall be surprised if he does this th
29、e same way_ I do.A.as B.like C.which D.what48.Einsteins most famous theory is _ we callthe Theory of Relativity.A.what B.that C.which D./,Join each pair of the following sentences using the Attributive Clause.1.The house had been one of the most beautiful inthe city.The house was destroyed during th
30、e war.The house,which had been one of the most beau-tiful in the city,was destroyed during the war.2.The furniture was made in China.My uncle collected this furniture.The furniture(which/that)my uncle collected wasmade in China.3.The bridge was built in 1893.The bridge connectsthe east part with the
31、 west of the town.The bridge which connects the east part with the west of the town was built in 1893.,4.Most of the students still remember the day.Onthat day they said goodbye to each other at the railway station.Most of the students still remember the day that/when they said goodbye to each other
32、 at therailway station.5.The teacher showed the students around the museum.The students were interested in this museum.The students showed the students around the museum,in which they were interested.6.At six oclock in the morning I went to the park.I found many people doing morning exercises in the
33、 park.,At six oclock in the morning I went to the parkwhere I found many people doing morning exercises.7.Most of the students liked and respected their English teacher.Their English teachers lectures were very interesting.Most of the students liked and respected theirEnglish teacher,whose lectures were very interesting.,
