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1、,Unit 4Helping people around the world,Section Welcome to the unit&ReadingLanguage Points,1.lackv&n缺乏；缺少；不足(教材P49)When there is a lack of food，there is hunger.当缺少食物时就会有饥饿产生。,(1)lack nothing什么都不缺(2)for lack of 因缺乏；因没有have no lack of 不缺乏(3)lacking adj.缺乏的，不足的be lacking(in)sth.缺少某物,He is good at his jo
2、b but he seems _ confidence.他工作不错，但似乎缺乏信心。Negative influences include lack of moral sense，criminal offences，and over consumption.消极的影响包括缺乏道德感，刑事犯罪和过度消费等。Several research institutions were closed down _fund.由于缺乏资金，好几家研究所被迫关门了。She is lacking in confidence when delivering a speech in public.在公共场合发言时，她缺
3、乏信心。,to lack,for lack of,【活用】用lack的适当形式或短语完成小片段It was because we _ the fund that we couldnt finish the research._ fund made us not carry out the experiment._ the experiment data，we had to stop the research.因为缺少资金我们没能完成那个研究。缺少资金使我们没能做实验。因为缺少实验数据，我们只能停止研究。,lacked/were lacking in,The lack of,For lack o
4、f,2.worthyadj.名副其实的；值得的，相称的；有价值的(教材P50)With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations，the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters.在这些军队和其他有价值的组织的帮助下，联合国扶助了战争和灾难中的受害者。,(1)worthy在句中可作表语和宾语。常用句式有：be worthy ofn./being donebe worthyto be done(2)worthwhile在句中可作表语、定语和宾语补足语。常用句式有：It is wo
5、rthwhileto do/doing sth.主语动词itworthwhiledoing/to do sth.(3)worth在句中只作表语。常用句式有：be worth钱数/名词be(well)worthdoing sth.,The money we raise will be going to use a very worthy cause.我们筹集的钱将用于非常令人敬重的事业。No composer was considered worthy of the name until he had written an opera.作曲家直到写出一部歌剧才会被认为是名副其实的。He is a
6、 boy who is worthy _他是一个值得夸奖的男孩。,of being praised/to be praised,Helping the disabled is a worthwhile activity.帮助残疾人是一项很有意义的活动。Its worthwhile _ the trouble to explain some questions fully to new classmates.给新同学详细解释一些问题，费点事也是值得的。,taking/to take,温馨提示worthy和worthwhile可以用副词 very 修饰；但worth其程度修饰语为well，不可用v
7、ery修饰。【活用】选用上述单词填空(1)His behavior is _ of great praise.(2)This suggestion is_ to be considered.(3)The picture is _$500.(4)The clock is hardly_ repairing.,worthy,worthy,worth,worth,3.equalvt.等于；抵得上 adj.相等的；胜任的 n同等/相等的人或物(教材P50)In addition，the UN helps protect human rights and works to improve interna
8、tional laws，for example，those on child labour and on equal rights for minorities and women.此外，联合国维护人权，努力改进国际法律，例如关于那些童工少数民族和妇女的平等权利的斗争。,(1)A equals B in.A 在方面比得上B(2)be equal ton./doing sth.等于；与相等；有的能力；胜任be equal in sth.在某方面相等(3)be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比(4)equally adv.同样地，平等地equality n.平等,S
9、he should be as free and equal as whites.她应该和白人一样自由和平等。As far as Im concerned，he is not equal to the job.就我个人而言，他不适合/不能胜任这项工作。No one _ him in strength.论力气，无人能和他相比。This job could be done equally well by a computer.这个工作用计算机同样可以做得很好。Yao Ming is a basketball player _ in China.在中国，姚明是个无与伦比的篮球运动员。,equals,
10、without equal,【活用】用equal的相关用法完成句子Though he _ them _ height，no one can _ him _ playing basketball.尽管他和他们的身高相同，但在打篮球方面无人能与他匹敌。,is equal to,in,equal,in,4.contributevt.&vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致(教材P51)They collect approximately 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributed by the go
11、vernment.她们每天从每个小组成员那里收取大约1.35元，将这些钱和政府资助的一部分钱加在一起。,(1)contribute.to.把贡献给contribute to.导致；是的成因之一；向投稿；有助于(2)contribution n.贡献；捐款；稿件make contributions/a contribution to.对作出贡献，为捐献,To prepare for it，I read many books，recited thousands of English words，which did contribute to my answering the questions a
12、nd ensured me a good performance during the exam.为了准备考试，我读了很多书，背了成百上千个单词，这的确有助于我解决问题并且确保我在考试中取得好成绩。It was generous of her to _ such a large sum of money _ the Red Cross.她很慷慨，向红十字会捐助了那么大一笔钱。,contribute,to,She contributes regularly to a physics journal.她经常向一家物理杂志社投稿。He _ the overall success of the pro
13、ject.他对项目的全面成功作出了非常积极的贡献。,made a very positive contribution to,【活用】用contribute的适当形式完成小片段Many people _ the poor boy，which _ his returning to school.A teacher wrote a story about this and _ a newspaper.许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐钱，这使他重新回到了校园。一位老师写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投到了报社。,contributed money to,contributed to,contributed i
14、t to,5.expandvi.&vt.扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强(教材P51)With luck their group will be able to expand and maybe set up a shop.运气好的话，她们的小组还能够进一步扩大，或许还能开一个店铺。expand into/to 使扩大，变大，将扩展(充)成expand on/upon 详述；详细阐明,Weve expanded the business by opening two more stores.我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务。The village expanded into/to a town.这个
15、村子发展成了一个城镇。I will _this problem next time.我下次再详细谈这个问题。As children grow older they expand their interests and become more confident.随着年龄的增长，孩子们的兴趣会变广泛，人也会变得更自信。,expand on,易混辨析expand，extend，spread，stretch，enlarge,【活用】选用上述单词填空(1)Our land _ as far as the river.(2)Im thinking about _ my business.(3)The e
16、xercises are designed to _ your leg muscles.(4)Fire _ rapidly after a chemical truck exploded.(5)We _ our views by reading.,extends,expanding,stretch,spread,enlarge,6.urgentadj.紧迫的；紧急的；非常重要的；急需的(教材P51)Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars and conflicts，the UN helps countries with other probl
17、ems such as lack of education，starvation，disasters，AIDS and other diseases.除了战争和冲突而产生的紧急问题外，联合国还帮助诸如教育资源匮乏、饥饿、灾难、艾滋等其他疾病的国家。,(1)be in urgent need of 急需be urgent for sb.(to do)急切地催促某人(做)make an urgent request for.紧急请求be urgent with sb.for sth.催促/硬要某人做某事，急促地向某人了解It is urgent that.(should)do.急需,(2)urge
18、 vt.驱策，鼓励；催促，力劝urge(sb.)on sth.鼓励(某人)做某事；激励；为(某人)加油urge sb.to do/into doing sth.敦促/怂恿/强烈要求/力劝某人做某事urge against sth.极力反对某事urge for sth.极力主张某事urgethat从句(that从句用虚拟语气，谓语部分用should动词原形，其中should 可以省略),(3)urgency n.紧迫之事What is the most urgent problem of all?最急迫的问题是什么？They _the doctor to come.他们急需医生前来。It is
19、urgent that food and clothing _ the sufferers.急需将食物和衣服送给灾民。,are urgent for,(should)be sent to,Theyve _international aid.他们紧急请求国际援助。Unfortunately，a few months later，customers were in urgent need of money and they must be in dollars.不巧的是，数月后，客户急需这笔钱，且必须是美元。What can we do to urge these lazy workers to
20、work hard?我们怎样才能敦促这些懒惰的工人去努力工作呢？My friends urged that _the job.朋友们力劝我申请那份工作。,made an urgent request for,I(should)apply for,7.refer to查阅；参考；谈到；提到；适用于；涉及(教材P50)I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations，or the UN，as it is more often referred to.我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，联合国
21、也叫UN这个名称更常用。,(1)refer sth.to.把提交给be referred to 被提交给refer to.as.把看成是；把称作be referred to as 被看成是；被称为(2)reference n.参考reference book 参考书make a reference to 参考,Dont refer to this matter again，please.请不要再提这件事了。You can _ your notes when you are speaking.你发言时可以看稿子。The old soldier referred to his experience
22、s during the Long March.老战士谈到了长征时的一些经历。These books _ Asian problems.这些书涉及亚洲的问题。,refer to,refer to,【活用】翻译句中的划线部分(1)He never referred to his sisters in his letters._(2)If you dont know the spelling of a word，you should refer to a dictionary._(3)The matter has been referred to the United Nations._(4)He
23、 is referred to as a great artist._,涉及，提到,查阅，参考,被提交给,被看成是,8.draw ones attention to使(某人)察觉到；吸引某人的注意力于(教材P51)In addition，my visits will encourage people working on the projects and draw local peoples attention to the situation.此外，我的访问将鼓励正工作在这些项目上的人，并引起当地人对此种形势的关注。,catch/attract sb.s attention吸引某人的注意力b
24、ring sth.to sb.s attention 使某人关注某事turn sb.s attention to 把某人的注意力转向pay attention to 注意fix/focus/concentrate ones attention on 集中注意力/精力于call ones attention to 唤起某人对的注意pay attention to 注意,温馨提示以上短语中的 to、on都是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。He drew my attention to a point I had overlooked.他使我察觉到我忽略了的一点。She paid much atte
25、ntion to her appearance.她很注重外表。A great deal of attention has been paid to _the environment.人们已对保护环境投入很多精力。You should _ your work.你应该把注意力放到工作上。,protecting,fix/focus/concentrate your attention on,【活用】根据英语句子完成汉语句子(1)I tried not to draw attention to the weak points in my argument.我尽量_我论证中的软肋。(2)I have b
26、een asked to draw your attention to the following matters.有人要求我_以下事情。(3)What first caught/attracted/drew my attention was his voice.首先_他的声音。(4)Lets turn our attention to the matter at hand.让我们_手头的问题上。,使人不察觉到,让你注意,吸引我注意力的是,把注意力转到,.词汇自测1The earthquake victims are in _(紧急的)need of medical supplies.2Aft
27、er three days without food，he was close to _(饥饿)3After she retired，she did a lot of _(志愿的)work for the Red Cross.,urgent,starvation,voluntary,4Mr.Johnson insisted that the problem of _(有价值的)attention should be discussed at the meeting.5The discovery shows that Westerners pay _(同等的)attention to the e
28、yes and the mouth.,worthy,equal,.选词填空1The article is aimed at _ peoples _ light pollution，because of which，we can hardly see any stars in the sky at night.2Its a challenge for us to recite the text in front of the class without _ our books.,drawing,attention to,referring to,3_，many farmers paid atte
29、ntion only to exploiting the land.4Honesty and hard work _success and happiness.5In our country，primary education comes _ our government.,In addition,contribute to,under the umbrella of,.单项填空 1Only by _ your attention _ what you are learning can you learn it well.Afocus；on Bfocusing；onCpaying；on Dpa
30、y；on解析：句意：只有专注于你正在学习的内容你才能把它学好。focus ones attention on专注于。故选B。,B,2It is requested that the reporter _ to blame for the wrong report.Areferring to be Breferring to asCreferred to be Dreferred to being解析：句意：要求所涉及的那位记者应对错误报道承担责任。referred to 为过去分词短语作定语修饰reporter。It is requested后的从句用虚拟语气should动词原形，should
31、可省略。故答案为C项。,C,3In my opinion,it is also urgent that the library _ open during the vacation.Amust be kept Bis keptCwould be kept Dbe kept解析：考查固定句式It is urgent that.(should)do.。在我看来，假期期间也迫切需要开放图书馆。,D,4Our foreign trade has _ greatly in recent years.Aexpanded BenlargedCwidened Dsurvived解析：expand指范围、程度、
32、体积和尺寸等方面的扩大或增加。句意：我国的对外贸易近年来已有极大发展。,A,5This beer isnt bad.Im beginning to _ a taste for it.Aacquire BachieveCobtain Dattain解析：句意：这种啤酒不错，我已经开始有了这种嗜好。acquire获得，拥有，一般指经过漫长的过程而逐渐获得。由句意可知A项正确。,A,6Everyone is encouraged to _something to those who suffered a great deal in the earthquake.Aconstruct Bconnect
33、Ccontribute Dcollect解析：句意：鼓励每个人为遭遇地震灾难的那些人捐献点什么。contribute“捐献，捐赠”符合题意。,C,7Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention _ before class.Ato underlined Bwas underlinedCto be underlined Dto being underlined解析：考查虚拟语气。分析句子结构可知，worth paying attention to作the key words的后置定语；insist表示“坚持主张”时，
34、其宾语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词使用should do，should可以省略，因此该从句谓语为(should)be underlined，因此选择C。解该题的关键在于弄清句子结构，不要受思维定式的干扰而误选D。,C,8Do you think it _ to spend 70 yuan watching the film“The flowers of war”？Havent you seen the film?I think it is well _ the money.Aworthy；worth Bworthwhile；worthCworth；worthy Dworthy；worthwhil
35、e,B,解析：选worth和worthy都可用作表语，意为“值得”，两个词的用法和搭配不同，be(well)worth名词/doing，意为“(很)值得某物/做某事”，里面的名词多表示钱或价格，worth不能单独作表语，也不能作定语；根据第二空排除C、D；be worthyof名词/ofbeing done/to be done，worthy还可作定语，意为“可尊敬的，有价值的”，第一空后面的不定式没有用被动形式，排除A；It is worthwhile to do/doing sth.值得做某事，故选B。,1.(教材P49)In some areas where there have bee
36、n wars，special soldiers help keep the peace.在有战争的地区，特种部队帮助维持治安。句法分析此句中“there have been”为there be句型的完成时形式。there be句型的用法如下：表示某个事物在什么地方，其结构为“There be主语其他成分”。其中there为引导词，本身无意义，谓语动词遵循就近原则。,(1)Therebe主语现在分词作定语。句中现在分词表示主动关系，同时表示动作正在进行。有时现在分词可表示一种状态。(2)There be句型中，谓语动词除用be之外，还可用某些状态动词，如：remain，lie，exist，liv
37、e，stand以及表示位置转移的动词arrive，come，enter，follow，rise，appear，occur等。(3)There be句型的非限定形式有there to be和there being两种形式，它们可以在句中作主语、宾语、状语等。,(4)Therebeing形式还可以用作状语分句，形成独立主格结构。(5)there be句型的变式有：There used to be.曾经有(但现在没有了)There is/are going to be.将有There happened to be.恰好有,(6)特殊的表达方式：There is no sense/point in d
38、oing sth.做某事是没有用的，没有意义的There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事There is thought/said/reported to be 人们认为有/据说有/据报道有There is no doing(口语)不可能,There is a desk and three chairs in the room.房间里有一张书桌和三把椅子。_ three chairs and a desk in the room.房间里有三把椅子和一张书桌。There appeared to be nobody willing to help.看来没人愿意帮忙。_ a
39、 building here.过去这儿有一座楼房。_ in making him angry.跟他生气是没有用的。We expect there to be no objections.我们希望不会有人反对。,There are,There used to be,There is no sense/point,2.(教材P49)This land was difficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.这些土地过去很难耕种，但是现在已经能够把水抽到地里了。句法分析句中was difficult to farm为“主
40、动形式表被动含义”。,“be形容词to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。(1)这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有awkward，convenient，dangerous，difficult，easy，hard，impossible，interesting，nice，pleasant，safe，tough，tricky，unpleasant 等。,(2)有时形容词后跟有名词，在名词后用作定语的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。有少数用于类似结构的形容词(如fit，ready，free等)，其中
41、的不定式用主动式和被动式均可。,The question is difficult to answer.这问题很难回答。It is a _这是一件值得记住的愉快的事。The water is not fit to drink/to be drunk.这水不适合饮用。,pleasant thing to remember,3.(教材P50)I feel very honored to have been able to take on this role.能够担当这个角色，我感到很荣幸。句法分析句中“have been able”是动词不定式的完成时，表示在谓语动作发生前发生或存在。The bo
42、ok is said to have been translated into many languages.据说这本书被译成很多种语言。He is very sad to _ four bikes in less than one year.他因不到一年就丢了4辆自行车而感到很伤心。,have lost,4.(教材P50)As you know，the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.正如你们所知，联合国触及世界各地人们的生活。句法分析该句中as是一个关系代词，引导一个非限制性定语从句，意思为“正如的”。,as引导的非限制性定语从句在句中的
43、位置比较灵活，句首、句中及主句后均可以。还可以用来引导限制性定语从句有the same，such 等修饰的先行词。对比：(教材P50)I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations，or the UN，as it is more often referred to.我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，也叫UN这个名称更为常用。,句法分析as it is more often referred to是as作为连词引导的方式状语从句，意为“像一样”，不要把它看作非限制性定语从句。本句是被动
44、语态，referred to 的逻辑宾语即主语。所以as在句中只起连接作用，不作任何成分。When at Rome，do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。Remember，you must do everything as I do.记住，你们务必照我的样子去做每件事。,_ is well known to us all，the earth goes around the sun.It is well known to us all _ the earth goes around the sun._ is well known to us all is that the earth
45、 goes around the sun.众所周知，地球围着太阳转。,As,that,What,.完成句子1解释是没有必要的。_ to explain it.2你认为这水喝起来安全吗？Do you think the water_？3能够和这些才华横溢的人工作我感到很骄傲。Im proud _to work with such talented people.,There is no need,is safe to drink,to have been able,4正如今天报纸上宣布的，所有学校将在九月一日重开。_in todays papers，all the schools will re
46、open on 1 September.5恰好那时房里没有人。_ be no one in the house.,As is announced,There happened to,.单项填空1A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses,_ has happened in Iraq.Aas BoneCwhat Dthat解析：as引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。意为“正如”。,A,2There is no _ in regretting.We cant change yesterday,but we do have the
47、power to make today a wonderful day.Ause BadvantageCpoint Dvalue 解析：There is no point(in)doing sth.为固定句型，意为“做某事毫无意义”。,C,3Youd better finish all the work in time _ you are required.Asuch BwhichCthat Das解析：句意：你最好按照要求按时完成所有的工作。as引导方式状语从句。,D,4Of all the feelings，bodily pain is the most difficult _Aexplained Bto explainCbeing explained Dto be explained解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在所有的感觉中，身体上的疼痛是最难解释的。此处是不定式作后置定语，修饰difficult后省略的feeling，不定式与feeling之间构成动宾关系，用主动形式表被动含义。故B项正确。,B,本部分内容讲解结束,按ESC键退出全屏播放,
