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1、This Is English I(2)Unit 26 Making Journeys,By Qian Dongyao,Content,Session 1Session 2Session 3FocusHomework,Session 1,Grammar Activity 1,Grammar,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别by 和until/tillto tell,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别,都表示过去的事情;但是现在完成时强调此事情对现在的影响,着眼点在现在,一般不与表示过去某具体时间的词语搭配使用;一般过去时表达过去某时发生的事情,强调“过去”,所以常常与过去的某个具体时间搭配使用。如:I
2、went home at 10:00 yesterday.I have got home now.,by and until/till(1),by表示“在之前”Ill finish my homework by 8:00.我将在8点前完成作业。until/till表示“到为止”Ill be doing my homework until 8:00.我将一直做作业做到8点。注意:虽然都表达“做作业到8点”的意思,但两句话的含义不同。,by and until/till(2),由于until表示“到为止”的意思,经常与not连用,组合成notuntil的句型,表示“直到才”。I didnt fin
3、ish my homework until 8:00.I cant finish my homework until 8:00.,to tell(1),动词tell的主要用法有:tell sb.to do sth.=ask sb.to do sth.(让某人做某事)否定形式:tell sb not to do sth.I told him to book a ticket.(我让他预定一张票。)I asked him to pick up the key.(我让他去取钥匙。),to tell(2),tell sb.sth.或 tell sb.about sth.(告诉某人某事)Dont tel
4、l him that news.(不要告诉他哪个消息。)They told me about that news.(他们告诉我那个消息。)用于间接引语,表示转述某人的话。I told him(that)I did that.(我告诉他我做的那件事。),Activity 1(1),Whats happened about?表示询问某件事的进展情况。也可以说成:Whats happening about?或 Has anything happened about?Whats happened to 回忆:how is it going?事情进展如何?give sth.to sb.“将某物给某人”,
5、也可以用give sb.sth.的结构,意思一样。eg:I gave the book to him./I gave him the book.,Activity 1(2),on her way to“在她去的路上”,如:She came across him on her way to the school.ask sb.for sth.“向某人要某物”,如:She asked her parents for sme money.回忆:ask for sth;ask sb to do sth;ask sb about sth;request sth.,Activity 1(3),reserv
6、e 预定,预约=bookparticipant 参加者,参与者handouts 下发的资料ask sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”,如:She asked her parents to give her some money.fix the time“定时间”By 6:oclock六点之前,Activity 1(4),worry about“担心”told sb to do sth告诉某人做某事Told sb not to so sth告诉某人不要做某事speak to“对某人说”Theres nothing for sb.to do.“某人没什么事情做。”Ive got some
7、things to do.“我有点事情要办。”建议与上句对比记忆。notuntil直到才,Session 2,Activity 7 Grammar,Activity 7(1),arrive at“到达”,arrive后面常常用“介词+地点”的结构。in good time“恰恰好,及时”,in time就表示“及时”,加上good强调“非常及时、恰恰好”。check in“办理登机手续”,建议和21单元学过的“办理入住手续”的意思对比记忆。-check outThey had their boarding passes checked.回忆:have/get sth donego throug
8、h“通过”。,Activity 7(2),boarding pass 登记卡;passport control护照检验处;departure lounge候机厅They didt have anything to eat.“他们没吃任何东西。”look around the shops“在商店闲逛”They had about 20 minutes to wait“他们要等20分钟”have something/nothing to do结构get sth.with+宾格人称代词“带着某物”,如:He got a big bag with him.(他带着一个很大的包。),Activity 7
9、(3),realise觉悟,明白;realize认识到,了解,实现,实行;注意读音相同,意思有所差别go back“回去”。back常常表示“回”的意思,如:give back(归还),come back(回来)。look everywhere to see“到处找”Suppose猜测,假设Walk off with sth偷走某物Should have done,表示应该做而没做;must have done表示对过去行为的推测,译为“一定,想必”,Activity 7(4),could have lost,must have left,should have put,must have w
10、alked off with it 这些句子都运用了本单元语法点:情态动词+完成时,表示不同含义:could have done表示可能性较小的推测;must have done表示可能性大的推测;should have done表示“本应该做但是没有做”。,Grammar,情态动词:特征,推测,肯定程度,不定代词不定副词before,after 和whilein spite of+名词to go 的习惯用法,情态动词(1),情态动词的语法特征:1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2)情态动词除ought 和have 外,后面只能接动词原形。3)情态动词没
11、有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。,情态动词(2),can,could,may,might,must 皆可表示推测:1)情态动词+动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。I dont know where she is,she may be in Wuhan.2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。At this moment,our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.3)情态动词+动词完成时。表示对过去情况的推测。,情态动词(3),“must+完成时”意为“一定已”往往用于
12、肯定句中,其否定形式是 cant,不是 mustnt.He must have left early.(否定:He cant have left early.)“should+完成时”常表示“本应该做而未做”。John should have come.,情态动词(4),“could+完成时”,用于肯定句中,可以表示“本来可以完成而未完成的动作”。We could have walked to the station;it was so near.此外,它也可以表示“猜测”,但不很确定。I could have lost it there.,情态动词+完成时,表示不同含义的推测:could h
13、ave done表示可能性较小的推测;must have done表示可能性大的推测;should have done表示“本应该做但是没有做”。,情态动词(5),情态动词(6),不同的“肯定”程度可按下列层次排列:He is at home.(事实)He must be at home.(非常可能)He could be at home.(很可能)He ought to be at home.(很可能)He may be at home.(仅仅可能)He might be at home.(或许),情态动词(7),He isnt at home.(事实)He cant be home.(接近
14、肯定)He couldnt be at home.(不及 cant 肯定)He may not be at home.(可能,但不肯定)He might not be at home.(不及 may 肯定)。,不定代词(1)-含义,some表示“某些/某个”,有特指的含义,只是不明确。I have something to wash.(我有些东西要洗。-可以确定有某些要洗的东西,具有特指的含义。)any表示“任何”,有泛指的含义。Do you have anything to wash?(你有任何要洗的东西吗?-不能确定有要洗的东西。)no表示“没有”,有否定的泛指的含义,所以可以说:no=n
15、ot any。I have nothing to wash.(我没有任何要洗的东西。-确定没有要洗的东西。),不定代词(2)-用法,一般由some和no开头的不定代词用于肯定句;而有any开头的不定代词用于否定句和疑问句(表示肯定意义的疑问句除外)。如:I have got something to do.I have got nothing to do.I havent got anything to do.但是:Would you like something to drink?,不定代词(3)-表示肯定的疑问句,但在表达建议、请求、反问是用some,而不用any。Could you gi
16、ve me some water to drink?Would you like something to read?Dont you need someone to help you?,不定副词,everywhere“各个地方”nowhere“哪里都不”,常用于肯定句。somewhere“某个地方”anywhere“任何地方”,常用于否定句和疑问句。请参考教材106页上的例子。,before,after 和while,这三个词语都是连词,都可以用来表示时间;before表示“在之前”;after表示“在之后”;while表示“当时候”。常用句型结构:1、before,after,和while
17、引导的从句+主句 Before she get up,she drank some water.2、before,after,和while+doing+主句 Before getting up,she drank some water.,in spite of+名词,意思与although一样,都表示“尽管”,用法不同:in spite of+名词although+句子In spite of the rain,we went out.Although it rained,we went out.,to go 的习惯用法,1.动词go一般表示“去”的意思,eg:go out,go back等。2
18、.它还可以表示事情进展情况,eg:How is everything going?(一切可好?)It went well.(它进展顺利。)与它相似的有21单元的get on well with,表示“某事进展顺利”。但是,get on well with常常以人为主语,如:She got on well with her study.(她学习进展顺利。),Grammar,情态动词:特征,推测,肯定程度,不定代词不定副词before,after 和whilein spite of+名词to go 的习惯用法,Session 3,Activity 14Grammar,Activity 14(1),
19、at last“最终,终于”,如:I got the book at last.(我终于得到了这本书。)the day before that(那天的前一天),the day after tomorrow(后天)。这样的结构可以用于表示“某天前一天”和“某天后一天”。go further north“继续向北”,这里的further是far的比较级(见22单元教案)之一,表示抽象的意义:“进一步”,如:I need further study.(我需要进修深造。),Activity 14(2),A really fabulous castle,“fabulous”绝妙的,和“perfect”一
20、样,只能用really 修饰,不能用very 修饰。Its right in the middle of the town.“它恰恰在城镇的中心。”这里right表示“恰恰、正好”。just right for“对于恰恰适合”,这里just表示“恰恰”,right表示“适合”,for表示“对于”。,Grammar,there be 结构的时态时间表示法表示移动的介词,there be(1),there is/there are 表示“在某处有某物”,表状态,不能用have表示有,注意单复数变化:There is a book on the desk.There are 3 men in the
21、 room.一般疑问句:Is there?/Are there?Is there a book on the desk?Are there 3 men in the room?注意与to have的区别,there be(2),there be结构可以有时态变化:There is a film now.(现在有场电影。)There was a film yesterday.(昨天有场电影。)There will be a film tomorrow.(明天有场电影。)注意:there be结构中be是动词,时态、数量都表现在它身上;此外,由于是be动词,否定、疑问也表现在它身上。如:There
22、 isnt a film.Is there a film?,时间表示法(1),表示时间常用方式:名词或名词词组:this evening,tomorrow morning介词+名词或名词词组:in the morning,on Friday morning,before 5:00名词或名词词组+副词:two weeks ago,one month later,时间表示法(2),注意介词用法的区别:on用在表示具体日子的名词前,如:on Friday,on Friday morningat用在具体时间、钟点前,如:at 7:00in用在年、月、季节和一天的某些时段,如:in 2003,in Ap
23、ril,in winter,in the morning注意:on Friday morning和in the morning的区别!,时间表示法(3),用所学介词填空:I was in Beijing _ last week._ 1999,he began his work.I will go there _ the summer._ a cold night,he got ill.He often goes out _ 10:30.,In,on,at,in,表示移动的介词(1),下列介词常表示动作的移动方向:towards“朝、向”across“穿过”(常指平面的地方,如:马路)throu
24、gh“穿过”(常指立体的地方,如:森林)along,down,up都表示“沿着”,表示移动的介词(2),用刚刚学过的介词填空:He ran _the trees,and then walked _ the road.When he walked _ the road,a dog was running _ the road.答案:through across along/down/up along/down/up,Grammar,there be 结构的时态时间表示法表示移动的介词,Focus for Today,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别by 和until/tillto tell情态动词不定代词不定副词,before,after 和whilein spite of+名词to go 的习惯用法there be 结构的时态时间表示法表示移动的介词,Homework,The new wordsActivity5;Activity6Activity 9;Activity10;Activity12Activity16;Activity18Exercises in the workbook,Gold will help those who help themselves天助自助者,