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1、定 语 从 句,1.He is an honest boy.2.We love our country.3.Whats your telephone number?4.The book on the table is mine.5.The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.,attribute(定语),作用：修饰,限定,位置:,单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面,We visited the factory which makes toys for children.Mos
2、t managers who are present at the meeting agreed to the plan.,The student you want to see has come.The letter that I received yesterday was from my father.,In 1998,he returned to the small town where he grew up.I still remember the day when I met him for the first time.The reason why he missed the s
3、peech was that he didnt catch the bus.,Look and See,The foreigner who visited our school is fromCanada.,先行词,关系词,(1)引导定语从句(who visited our school)(2)在从句中作一成份(主语)(3)代替先行词(the foreigner)在从句中的位置,在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句(The Attributive Clause),拆分成两个句子,定语从句：由一个句子充当定语,从句的位置：,在名词或代词后,先行词：,引导定语从句的词 关系代词(who
4、,whom,whose,which,that)关系副词(when,where,why),被定语从句修饰的词,作用：(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置,关系词,关系代词先行词指人:作主语：who；that作宾语：who；that；whom 作定语：whose先行词指物:作主语：which；that作宾语：which；that作定语：whose,讲义讲解,关系代词作宾语时可省略。,1.The woman _lives next door is a teacher.,5.The nurse _ looks after my sister is kind.,3.Ke
5、vin is reading a book _is too difficult for him.,8.I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.,4.Many people _ saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea.,9.It is about a big white shark _attacks swimmers.,2.Yesterday she talked with one woman _ husband died in that accident.,7.The house
6、is mine.,_roof is brown,6.Have you seen my book _ cover is red?,who/that,whose,which/that,who/that,who/that,whose,whose,10.The man _you met just now is my teacher.,11.This is the pen _he bought yesterday.,(who/whom/that),(which/that),who/that,which/that,-（连句步骤，EX1,讲义）,注意事项：A.只用that不用which的情况：,（一）当先行
7、词被形容词最高级,序数词包括the last等所 修饰时:1)The biggest bird that I caught is this bird 2)This is the first book that I bought myself.（二）先行词为all,much,little,something,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词:1)Do you have anything that is important to tell me?2)Thats all that I want to say.（三）当先行词既有人又有物时:1)I wont forget
8、 the things and the persons that I saw.2)He talked about the school and the teachers that he had visited,（四）当先行词被all,any,no,not,little,few,every,each，the very,the only等修饰时:1)I have read all the books that you gave me.2)I have some books that are very good.3)This is the very book that I lost yesterda
9、y.（五）主句是whowhich引导的特殊问句时:1)Who is the boy that was here just now?2)Which is the book that your father bought you?（六）关系代词在从句中作表语时:The village is no longer the poor place that it used to be.,C.先行词受such,the same 修饰时关系词常用as。Ive never heard such stories _ he tells.This is the same dictionary _ I lost las
10、t week.,D.以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由 in which或that 引导，而且通常可以省略 The way _he answered the questions was surprising.,当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those,he等人称代词时。,B.指人时用who不用that的情况：,He _does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Those _have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise more.,以方式,who,who,
11、as,as,(that/in which),E.关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称、数、性应由先行词决定。I,who _ your friend,can understand you.She,who _ my friend,likes music very much.The book which _on the desk is mine.The books which_ on the desk is mine.,am,is,lies,lie,Tom is one of the students who _from the foreign countries.Tom is the o
12、nly one of the students who _ from the foreign countries.,come,comes,Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns.1.This is the only book _ I got last year.2.This is the largest animal _ Tom saw in the zoo.3.Rose still remembers the trees and teachers_ exist(存在)in the mother school.4.All the d
13、esks _ are bought look really wonderful.5.This is the second watch _ my father bought for me.,that,that,that,that,that,Exercises:All _ we need is to be supplied with food and clothing.A.what B.that C.which D.whom2.The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.A.who B.whose C.which D.what,3.Can you
14、 tell me the name of the factory _ you visited last week?A.what B.in where C./D.when4.I dont like the way _ you speak to her.A.that B.in that C.who D.whose,5.The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said.A.which;that B.that;which C.which;which D.that;that6.Sh
15、e spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons _ none of us has ever heard of.A.which B.who C.whom D.that,7.Who is the person _ is talking about the accident _ happened on Highway 104?A.which;which B.who;what C.that;that D.what;what,1.This is all _ I know about the matter.A.that B.wh
16、at C.who D.whether2.Is there anything else _ you require?A.whichB.that C.whoD.what3.The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.it4.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.A.which B.that C.it D.whom5.There is no dictionary _ you can
17、 find everything.A.that B.which C.where D.in that6.This is one of the best books _.A.that have ever been written C.that has written B.that has ever been written D.that have written,B,B,B,C,A,A,7.He wrote a letter to me,telling me everything _ he saw on the way to the Paris.A.what B.that C.which D.wh
18、ere8.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A.that B./C.which D.it9.Is there anything _ to you?A.that is belonged B.that belongs C.which belongs D.that belong10.The scientist and his achievements _ you told me about are admired by us all.A.which B.that C.who D.whose11.Which of the books_were borro
19、wed from him is the best?A.which B.what C.that D.whose,B,A,B,B,C,二.由关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词有when,where,why，在从句中担任状语,1.when的用法when 指时间，修饰表示时间的先行词，在定语从句中做状语，相当于at/in/on which,如：,October 1,1949 is the day when(=on which)the Peoples Republic of China was founded.I shall never forget the time when(=during which)
20、we worked on the farm.Do you remember the afternoon when(=on which)we first met three years ago?,2.where 的用法where 指地点，修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于in/on/at which.如：,This is the place where(=at/in which)we first met.The hotel where(=in which)we stayed wasnt very clean.Id like to live in a country where(
21、=in which)there is plenty of sunshine.,3.why的用法why 指原因，修饰名词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于for which.,I didnt get a pay rise,but this wasnt the reason why(=for which)I left.The reason why(=for which)he was late was that he missed his train.I dont know the reason why(=for which)you got so angry with me.,1.Afte
22、r living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where,2.Please take any seat _ is free.A.which B.whereC.in whichD.that,3.My home village is no longer the same _ it used to be.A.which B.as C.where D.when,4.The boy _ composition won the firs
23、t prize is the youngest in the group.A.who B.whoseC.that D.which,5.I dont like the way _ you speak to her.A./B.that C.in which D.All A,B,and C,6.Such a book _ you showed me is difficult to understand.A.that B.whichC.asD.like,7.The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then.A./B
24、.that C.which D.who,8.This is the store _ we visited the famous shop assistants.A.where B.there C.that D.which,9.If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men,women will spend more time in the shop.A.that B.which C.when D.where,10.Why does she always ask you for help?There is no one else _,is ther
25、e?A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn,11.The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.A.until B.which C.when D.where,12.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.
26、which C.while D.why,13.-Is that the small town _ you often refer to?-Right,just the one _ you know I used to work for years.A.that,that B.which,which C.,where D.,what,(which/that),三、介词提前的定语从句常常由“介词+which/whom/whose”引出。,The school _he once studied is very famous.,The school _he once studied in is ver
27、y famous.,Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine _you asked for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine _you asked.,This is the boy _I played tennis withyesterday.,This is the boy _I played tennis yesterday.,in which,(which/that),for which,(whom/who/that),with whom,The manager _company I work in pays muc
28、h attention to improving our working conditions.The manager _company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.,whose,in whose,This is the classroom _we studied in last year.=This is the classroom _we studied last year.=This is the classroom _we studied last year.,in which,(that
29、/which),where,I will never forget the day _ my daughter was born on.,=I will never forget the day _ my daughter was born.,=I will never forget the day _ my daughter was born on.,(whichthat),on which,when,注意：1)含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for,look after,take care of 等。,2)“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,n
30、one,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。,He loves his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind to him.,There are 50 students in our class,two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.,介词的选定1)依据定语从句中短语的习惯搭配。Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?=Who is the girl(that/who/whom)you just shoo
31、k hands with?(shake hands with sb.)2)介词常受先行词的制约(介词和先行词的搭配)。He built a telescope through which he could study the sky.(through which 即 through the telescope),3)the+名词+of+关系代词(which,whom)结构中的名词和后面的关系代词有所属关系=whose+n.This is the book the cover of which is designed by Mr.Jones.=This is the book,whose cov
32、er is designed by Mr.Jones.=This is the book,of which the cover is designed by Mr.Jones.,Can you work them out?,Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:1.The sun gives us heat and light,_ which we cant live.2.The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.3.Ill neve
33、r forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.4.Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?,for,about,on,without,1.Do you know who lives in the building _there is a well?A.in front of it B.in front of whose C.in front of which D.in front which2.Ill never forget the day _ I joined t
34、he League.A.on which B.in which C.which D.at which3.The woman_my brother spoke just now is my teacher.A.who B.to whom C.to who D.whom4.Jeanne was her old friend,_she borrowed a necklace.A.from who B.from whom C.to that D.to whom5.His glasses,_he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its
35、leg.A.which B.with which C.without which D.that,C,A,B,B,C,6.She is a teacher of much knowledge,_much can be learned.A.who B.that C.from which D.from whom7.He built a telescope_he could study the skies.A.in which B.with that C.through which D.by it8.Do you know the reason_he was late?A.that B.which C
36、.for what D.for which9.I have bought two ball pens,_ writes well.A.none of which B.neither of which C.none of them D.neither of them10.The Second World War_millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A.during which B.in that C.where D.on which,D,C,D,B,A,11.China has many rivers,_the Changjiang Rive
37、r is the longest.A.which B.in which C.among which D.one of which12.This is the very knife_I used to cut apples yesterday.A.that B.by which C.which D.with which13.The speed_which you drive your car mustnt be too high.14.In the park there are many flowers,the colours_ which are bright and nice.15.The
38、little girl is reading a book,_which there are many pictures.16.What were the things_which he was not too sure?,C,D,at,of,in,about,17.They held a meeting,_which the hospital director made a speech.18.The book,_which he paid 6 yuan,is worth reading.19.Is this the man_whose house the police found the
39、lost coloured TV?20.The villagers dug along tunnel _which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers.21.Wu Dong,_whom I went to the concert,enjoyed it very much.22.The stories about Long March,_which this is one example,are well written.,at,for,in,through,with,of,非限制性定语
40、从句1.用逗号把从句与主句隔开,不用that。He is always late,which makes his teacher angry.2.whichas在非限制性定语从句的异同as 可放于句首/句末/句中which可置于句末/句中which 指代前文的一个词或是一个句子，意思是“这件事”而 as 只可指代一个句子,意思是“正如.正象”.通常用下列句型：as is known to all,as is said,as is reported,as mentioned above,as we all know,as I expect，as the saying goes,He is alw
41、ays late,_ makes his teacher angry.Football,_is an interesting game,is played all over the world.3._is well known,bamboo is hollow（空心的）.（置于句首）4.Bamboo is hollow,_ is well known.(置于句末）5.Bamboo,_is well known,is hollow.(置于句中）,which,which,As,as,as,(指代他迟到这件事.),(指代一个词，前文的“football”。）,1._was natural,he ma
42、rried Jenny.A.Which B.That C.This D.As2.I passed him a large glass of whisky,_ he drank immediately.A.that B.as C.whichD.who3.She is very good at dance,_ everybody knows.A.that B.which C.who D.as4.It was raining,_was a pity.A.what B.that C.the which D.which,D,C,D,D,5._has been said above,grammar is a set of dead rules.A.Which B.What C.That D.As6.We do the same work _ they do.A.which B.as C.than D.like7.The earth is round,_ we all know.A.that B.whichC.who D.as,D,B,D,
