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1、The Subjunctive Mood(虚拟式)外语系09级师范二班04号李源,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟式仅有两个形式：1、be-型虚拟式（BE-Subjunctive);2、were-型虚拟式（WERE-Sub-junctive)。,The Subjunctive Mood,The Subjunctive Mood:1、be-型虚拟式（BE-Subjunctive);2、were-型虚拟式（WERE-Su
2、bjunctive)。,Exercises:Part Part Part,、be-型虚拟式的主要用法：,用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语之后的that-分句中。例如：.He ordered that all the books be sent at once.It is essential that all the facts be examined first.The board has given instrustions that the agent fly to Boston.,2、用于由 if,though,whatever,lest,so long as 等引导的分句中。表示推测让步
3、，防备等含义。例如：If he be found guilty,John shall have the right of appeal.,上述用法现在只限于正式书面语体，在非正式语体中通常用动词陈述式或者should/may+不定式。例如：If the rumour is true,every-thing is possible.,3、用于某些公式化语句中可表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等意义。例如：Long live the People s Republic of China!God bless you!（该死的！）Heaven damn you!(天理不容！）Devil take him!(混蛋！
4、）So be it!(但愿如此/就这样吧。）,、were-型虚拟式的主要用法：,1.常用于由if,if only,as if,as though,though 引导的条件状语和让步状语分句中，表示非真实的条件或让步。例如：If I were you,I should wait till next week.If it were to rain,the game would be put off.,2、常用于wish,would,rather,suppose,imagine之后的that-分句中，表示一种臆想的情况。例如：I wish it were spring all the year ro
5、und.I d rather I were not at the site of the accident.,上述 were-型虚拟式在第一、三人称单数主语之后可为 was 所取代。例如：If it was to rain,the game would be put off.If only I was not so nervous!,但是，在 if I were you 这一分句中，通常倾向于用 were，而不用 was。另外，在某些倒装结构中只用 were,不用 was。例如：Were I to do it(=If I were to do it),I should rely on you.
6、还有，在 as it were（作 so to speak 解，即“宛如”、“好比”）结构中也只用were，不用was。例如：He is my best friend,my second self,as it were.,Exercise:,Rewrite the following,using be-subjunctive.1.She insists on his taking his vacation now.2.I had recommended him to be placed in a more responsible position.,She insists that he ta
7、ke his vacation now.,I had recommended that he be placed in a more responsible position.,3.I suggested his finishing up that pro-ject quickly.4.I demanded his accompanying me to the hearing(听证会）.,I suggested that he finishing up that project quickly.,I demanded that he accompanying me to the hearing
8、.,5.The general commanded the soldiers to advance immediately.,The general commanded that the soldiers advance immediately.,Put the verbs in brackets into the proper subjunctive form:1.Far(be)it from me to call him a thief.2.If I(be)you,I shouldnt do it.3.He behaves as though he(be)better than us.4.
9、It is essential that he(have)all the facts.5.Whatever(be)his defense,we cannot tolerate this disloyalty.,be,were,were,have,be,1.If he had not lost his money,he _ the piano last week.A.would buy B.had bought C.bought D.could have bought2.If we were to be 200 years old,we _ everything.A.will change B.
10、can change C.could change D.changed,3.If you _ that film last night,you would not be so sleepy now.A.didnt see B.havent seen C.wouldnt seen D.hadnt seen,4.You are late.If you _ a little minutes earlier,you _ him.A.came,would meet B.had come,would have met C.came,would have met D.were to come,would meet,5.But for the storm,we _ a pleasant journey.A.should have B.have had C.would have D.should have had 6._ to do the work,I should do it some other day.A.If were I B.I were C.Were I D.Was I,Thank you!,
