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1、高中英语语法精讲精练 虚拟语气,原创人：聂鑫（适用湖北高考 完成句子）,一、英语中的语气,陈述语气祈使语气虚拟语气,1.在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气。2.表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。,即，当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法、愿望、假想、猜测、怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。,虚 拟 语 气,二、虚拟语气的动词形态变化(1),虚拟语气的条件从句的时态用法，要按虚拟的时间往后退一步，退成（相应的）过去。,二、虚拟语气的动词形态变化(2),虚拟语气的结果主句的时态用法，要在虚拟从句的基础上往前进一步，进成（相应的）将来。,1.i
2、f条件从句中：,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实相反,错综时间虚拟条件句,省略if的虚拟条件句,三、与事实相反的虚拟语气 常见考点与难点(1),(1)与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句,(2)与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,(3)与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句,(4)错综时间虚拟条件句,(5)省略 if的虚拟条件句,例题解读,If I knew English,I _ these English books.（read）如果我懂英语，我就应该能读这些英语书了。,答案：should be able to read,Maybe if I _,and not literature then,I would
3、 be able to give you more help.(study)如果那时我学理科而不是文学的话，我就能给你一些帮助了。,答案：had studied science,例题解读,If you had spent several more hours training,_ better in the sports meeting?(perform)如果你多花了几个小时训练，你难道不会在运动会上表现的更好吗？,答案：wouldnt you have performed,_ the assigment by the deadline,I should call on you and let
4、s celebrate it together.(be)如果我在最后期限之前完成了任务，我就该拜访你，一起庆祝。,答案：Were I to finish 或 If I were to finish,_,the massive unemployment becomes possible,which will make the unstable situation worse.(fail)万一做不到这一点，上述通胀解决方案就会成为可能。,答案：Should it fail to do so 或 If it should fail to do so,例题解读,Had the historian no
5、t discovered and registered what actually happened in history,we _ the ancient times now.(learn)如果这位历史学家没有发现并记录历史上真实发生的情况，我们如今就不会如此了解古代。,答案：wouldnt learn so much about,2.带有条件含义：,三、与事实相反的虚拟语气 常见考点与难点(2),If it were/had not for If only What if Suppose/Supposing that(except)on condition that provided th
6、at but that(but for),if only 与 only if(1),在if only这个短语中，中心词是从属连接词if,而副词only只是加强if的语气的。if only常常用在虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。常被译为“但愿”、“要是该多好啊”等。例如：If only she could have lived a little longer.要是她能活得再长一些，那该多好啊！If only you hadnt told him what I said,everything would have been all right.若是你没把我所说的华告诉他，就不会出什么问
7、题了。,only if 引起的条件状语从句，是一个对“条件”限制更严的“限制性条件状语从句”，表示“只有(才)；只有在的时候；唯一的条件是”的意思；与if引起的一般条件句相比，它有一种增强主句语势的作用，不用虚拟语气。例如：Only if the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night.只有患者情况紧急时，你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。【only if引导的条件从句放在句首，主句要进行部分倒装。】,if only 与 only if(2),except on condition that,ex
8、cept on condition that=unless,例题：I couldnt have bought the car except on condition that _.(have)我本不能买那辆车，除非我当时有钱。答案：I had had enough money,but that 与 but for,1.but that是连词词组，后跟从句；而but for是介词词组，后跟名词、代词、动名词等。2.but that的意思是“要不是的话”，是一种对事实相反的虚构，因此要用虚拟语气。,但需特别注意的是，but that引导的从句要用陈述语气，形式上是肯定，但意义上是否定；主句谓语动词
9、则需要用虚拟语气的形态。,例句：She would have fallen but that he caught her.=She would have fallen if he hadnt caught her.要不是他抓住了她，她就掉下去了。,If it _ that you had been ill,I would ask you to do this right now.(be)要不是你病了，我马上就让你去做这件事。,例题解读,答案：were not for the fact,The world would probably have been a worse place now ha
10、d _.(decision)如果没有他们的这些决定，全球形势现在很可能更糟。,答案：it not been for their decisions,_ in China,I would have been to many tourist attractions.(only)只要是我住在中国，我肯定去过许多旅游胜地了。,例题解读,答案：If only I lived,What if I _ work?(fall)万一我生病，不能工作，怎么办？,答案：should fall sick and not be able to,例题解读,But for the warning message,more
11、lives _ in the flood.（lose）要不是这个警报信息，更多的生命可能已经葬送在这洪水中了。,答案：would have been lost,Supposing _who doesnt seem your type of person,how would you tell him that you dont want to be his friend?（have）假如你有一个与你似乎不搭调的朋友，你怎么告诉他你不想喝他做朋友？,答案：you had a friend,例题解读,He would have helped us but _ at the time.(be)他本应帮
12、我们的忙,无奈他当时缺少资金。,答案：that he was short of money,Nothing would please her _.（that）只有我们一道去,她才会高兴.,答案：but(except)that we go along,三、与事实相反的虚拟语气 常见考点与难点(3),3.其他：,would rather I wish lest/for fear that in case that(in case/in case of)as if even if so long as含蓄虚拟条件句,would rather(1),would rather,would rather后
13、接不带to的不定式,would rather+do 表示现在或未来的一种主观愿望或选择。例：Id rather do it today.,would rather+have done 表示过去的某种选择不恰当。例：Id rather have stayed at home than went to the dull film.,would rather后接从句,would rather+从句(一般过去时)，表示现在或未来的愿望。例：Id rather you didnt do anything about it for the time being.,would rather+从句(过去完成时
14、)，表示现在或未来的愿望。例：Id rather she hadnt done that.,would rather(2),句型would rather than和would rather than,【比较】I would rather stay at home than she should take me to her club.表示现在的意愿 对将来事实的虚拟I would rather have stayed at home than she took me to her club.表示对过去事实的虚拟(反省)过去真实发生过的事实,than后的从句中，谓语中有should，则表示对将来
15、未发生之事的虚拟语气。如果than后的从句中，谓语动词是一般过去时，则表示与某个真实发生过的事情相对比，应有更好的选择。,wish+宾语从句(1),主+wish主+wished,与现在事实相反,宾语从句中谓语动词用were或动词过去式例：I wish the moon were shining at the moment.,与过去事实相反,宾语从句中谓语动词用had+过去分词或would/could+have+过去分词例：I wish I had never seen her.I wish I could have finished writing the book report yester
16、day.But I was too busy,与将来事实相反,宾语从句中谓语动词用would/should(could/might)+动词原形，表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望例：He wished she might do better next time.,【注意】：wish的时态不影响从句三种时间的判定。如果将wish改为wished 其后that从句中的动词形式不受影响。,例句：Melanie would die and she had wished that she would die.媚兰会死掉，她本来就希望她死的。(选自飘)He had wished that UFOs we
17、re real ever since he first heard the term at the age of eight.自从他在8岁时听说这个词儿，他就希望UFO是真的。,wish+宾语从句(2),主+had wished that(were或would/should+动词原形)表示过去未能实现的愿望。,had wished to do sth=wished to have done sth 过去未能实现的愿望，意为：希望曾经做过 had wished sb to do sth=wished sb to have done sth过去未能实现的愿望,意为：希望某人曾经做过Joan had
18、 wished to become a musician at the age of sixteen.The framer wished to have sent his son to a famous university.The patient had wished the doctor to examine him again before the operation.The driver wished his car to have been filled with gas the day before.,wish扩充(3),in case(1),in case引导的句子，即可以用陈述
19、语气，又可以用虚拟语气。若用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词为should+V原，should可以省略。,例句：The games will be postponed in case it(should)snow.注：这里之所以用should+V原的虚拟形态，是因为in case it(should)snow比in case it snows的可能性小很多，因此才需要虚构。因此，在做题时，若遇见in case，需要仔细读题干，分清说话者对事实可能性程度的判断。,in case(2),1.in case 和 in case of在意义上区别不大，都是“以防（万一）”之义。经常可能互换。2.in the
20、case that 和 in the case of，与第一点中的意义完全无关，意为“在这种情况之下”。,However,in the case that the income exceeds 300 thousand yuan,for the part which exceeds 300 thousand yuan,income tax _.(apply)但是，如收入超过30万元人民币，则对于30万元以上部分，应照常征收所得税。,答案：shall be applied as usual,含蓄虚拟条件句,常见的可以用来表达含蓄虚拟语气的结构：or,otherwise,with,without,
21、but,under condition,例句：Without steel,there would be no industry.没有钢就没有工业。With your aid I would have succeeded in performing my task.当初若有你的帮助，我就会完成任务的。We could have done better under more favorable conditions.假设我们有更有利的条件，我们还会做得更好。,例题解读,_,what do you think he would do for the company（be）即使他在这里,你认为他会为公
22、司做什么？,答案：Even if he were here,As _ money,I could buy a car.（have）只要我有更多的钱，我就能买一辆车。,答案：long as I had more,He did it carefully for fear that _.（make）他很仅慎地做这件事，唯恐再次犯同样的错误。,答案：he might make the same mistake again,例题解读,It isnt as if _ the owner of the property.In fact he admitted that the property belong
23、ed to his uncle.(claim)他又没有声称自己拥有那些财产呀！事实上，他承认那些财产属于他叔叔。,答案：he had claimed to be,例题解读,Chuck also learns that he _ about his friends.（care）查克还认识到，他本该多关心他的朋友们一点的。,答案：should have care more,We think he _ on the business,since he is always short of reponsibility.（ought）我们认为不该派他去出差的，因为他一贯缺乏责任心。,答案：ought n
24、ot to have been sent,I _ to the party yesterday,but I had to finish the paper.(come)昨天我本来会来参加聚会，但是我不得不完成那篇论文。,答案：would have come,例题解读,I didnt know that he was a liar,or else I _.(believe)我不知道他是个骗子，不然我不会相信他。,答案：wouldnt have believed him,四、表示强烈语气的虚拟语气句型(1),名词性从句中的虚拟语气 1,坚持 insist命令 order,command决心 dec
25、ide,determine要求 ask,demand,request,require建议 suggest,advise,recommend,propose,recommend,advise其他 desire,intend,prefer,promise,urge有时，上述动词宾语从句不是表示主张、建议或要求等，而是表示其它的意义，这时则仍用陈述语气。如当insist表示对已发生过的事物的看法，或当suggest为“说明了”，“暗示”等含义时，从句用直陈语气而不用虚拟语气。,名词性从句中的虚拟语气 2,名词性从句中的虚拟语气 3,在expect,believe,think,suspect等动词的否
26、定或疑问形式后的宾语从句经常用“should动词原形或完成形式”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。I never expected that the problem should be so complicated.我从没想到问题会这样复杂。I just couldnt believe that he should be so ignorant.我简直不相信他会这样无知。,名词性从句中的虚拟语气 4,【注意】：在以上句型中，如果表达的是对过去事
27、实的惊讶、喜悦、遗憾、惋惜等情感色彩时，要用should+have done的结构。此时，主句中的be动词的时态，与从句中动词的虚拟形态没有关系。,定语从句中的虚拟语气 1,虚拟语气用于 It is time后的定语从句中，表示早该做而未做的事，含建议的意味，在此类句子中，定语从句的谓语一般用过去式或should+V原(should不能省)。,定语从句中的虚拟语气 2,注意区分 it is the first time 和 it is time,It/That/This+is/was/will be+the 序数词+time 后面的从句用相应的完成时态。【注】如果是will be,从句多用现在
28、完成时代替将来完成时。例句：It was the first time(that)he had finished his composition in thirty minutes.It will be the second time she has been to Beijing.,其他情况的虚拟语气,注意区分 may well 和 may as well,may well 主要用于加强推测的语气，表示具有较大的可能性。如：It may well be true.那很可能是真的。【注】may well 中的 may 也可换成 might 或 could，但语气更不确定。如：He might
29、well lose his job.他多半会丢了那份工作。may as well 主要用于表示提议或劝告，意为“不妨”。如：If that is the case,I may as well try.既然如此，我不妨试一试。【注】当表示提议或劝告时，may as well 与 might as well 意思相同；但是 might as well 还可将一种不愉快的情况同另一种不愉快的情况作比较，含有抱怨的意味，通常译为“还不如”，此时不能用 may as well。如：This holiday isnt much fun;we might as well be back home.这个假日过
30、得真没意思，我们还不如待在家里。,例题解读,He has suggested that the situation would be much worse now if _ in time,after the epidemic broke out,to isolate the affected victims.(take)他已经暗示，在流行病爆发之后，如果不及时采取行动来隔离受感染者，情况会变得更糟。,答案：no action was taken,At the tea conference,the chair toasted and expressed his best wishes that
31、 _ good health and a rewarding life.(enjoy)在茶话会上，主席敬酒，并表达了他对所有在场的人身体健康，生活美满的祝福。,答案：all the people present should enjoy,例题解读,It is impossible to imagine _ without the suns energy.(live)真是难以想象，没有阳光的能量，人类如何生存。,答案：how man could live,It is surprising that he _ eight meat pies within half an hour without any digestion disorders.(eat)他在半个小时内吃掉了八个肉馅饼，而没有任何消化紊乱，真是让人惊讶。,答案：should have eaten,Thank you!,
