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1、Unit 2 形容词和副词,.,形容词和副词,1概述；形容词和副词都是起修饰作用的词类。形容词主要修饰名词和代词，副词主要修饰动词，形容词或其他副词，有时也可以修饰全句。2.形容词的句法功能，构成，在句子的作用，位置。3.副词的分类，构成，在句子中的作用，位置。,4.形容词和副词的原级，比较级，最高 级，无比较级的形容词和副词。5.倍数的表示法,一.形容词的构成,1.本身即为形容词的词（red,glad,nice,beautiful）2.由“名词y”构成sunsunny fogfogy windwindy rainrainy 3.加后缀构成（如-able,-ent,-en,-al）comfor
2、t comfortable educationeducationalgold golden differ different,4.“名词ly”构成 friend-friendly kind-kindly5.复合形容词的构成方法，注；所谓复合形容词，即两个或两个以上的词构成一个词，最常见的构成方法有以下几种；,六、复合形容词的构成,六、复合形容词的构成,二.形容词的句法功能,1.作定语（修饰名词、代词）He is a good swimmer.2.作表语 Your advice is useful3.作宾补He found the door opened,4.作主语或宾语有些形容词前加定冠词（t
3、he），就有了名词的性质，表示一类人或事物。如果做主语，表达具体概念，谓语动词用复数，表达抽象概念，谓语动词用单数。The old are respected here and thereThe beautiful is not always the good,5.作伴随状语Tired and hot,we had to stop to have a break.He returned to his hometown,safe and sound.,三.形容词的位置,（一）单个形容词的位置.形容词是用来修饰名词(可数与不可数，单数与复数)，常被放在名词前作定语。a red coat delic
4、ious food three interesting stories,(二)、形容词作定语后置的几种情况,1当形容词修饰不定代词one,no，any，some和every构成的复合词，如：something，anything，nothing，anyone,anybody,nobody等时。I have something important to tell you.There is something wrong with my computer.2当“形容词介词短语/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。The teacher asked me a question too difficult to
5、 answer（介词短语）.They are the student easy to teach（不定式）.,3当两个意义相反的形容词用“both.and.，and，or或but连接在一起作定语时。The students were required to see a film both interesting and instructive.All the people on this island,young or old,are fond of music.4当long，high，wide，deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时。The door is two meters high.The
6、 room is five meters wide.,（三）多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序,如有一个以上的形容词修饰名词，这些形容词的位置即由它们和被修饰名词的关系的密切程度来决定。一般说来，关系最密切的最靠近被修饰的名词（中心词），关系较远的离被修饰的名词也较远，但这个顺序也是有规则可循的，一般为；限定词(these，those.)数量形容(three)描绘性形容词(beautiful)大小、短,高低等形体性形容词(large，long，high)新旧(old)颜色(red)国籍(Chinese)材料(wood)用途(writing)被修饰名词(desk)。如,a beautiful whit
7、e Japanese military jeep a beautiful little red flower.a tall fat young man口诀；限定描述大长高，形状年龄与新老。颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。,四.形容词的用法,1.有些以a 开头的形容词只作表语，通常不作前置定语。常见的表语形容词有：afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，alike，ashamed，afloat，well，sorry，unable，worth，sure等。The old man was alone in the house.【注】alive，alone，awake等可以用作
8、后置定语。He is the greatest poet alive.Tom was the only boy awake at that time.,以a开头的表语形容词大多不可直接用very来修饰。sound/fast asleep熟睡的 wide awake十分清醒 greatly ashamed非常羞愧的,2.下列形容词作表语时，主语通常是“事”而不是“人”，通常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语后置。(im)possible，(un)necessary，(im)probable，(in)convenient，important,如：It is not convenient to wor
9、k at the weekend.It is important for us to study English.It is unnecessary for you to go there,五.副词,副词的分类,2.副词的构成,本身就是副词，如now,rather,very,how等与形容词形式相同的副词，如，early,late,high,wide,deep等由“形容词ly”构成的副词 slow slowly badbadly quickquickly brave-bravely exactexactly,4、两种形式的副词 有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词
10、后加后缀“ly”。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不大相同，应加以分辨。close接近(指距离)closely仔细地，密切地 free免费freely自由地，自如地 deep深deeply深刻地，深入地 hard努力地hardly几乎不 wide宽阔widely广泛地 high高highly高度地 late晚、迟lately近来 near邻近nearly几乎 most最mostly主要地；绝大多数地 easy从容地easily容易地,并非以-ly结尾的都是副词dead死的deadly致命的 live活的-lively活泼的,3.副词的语法功能,作状语修饰动词Its raining heavily修饰
11、形容词You are quite rightIts a rather difficult job修饰名词，代词和数词。Nearly everybody came to the party,1.作定语，常位于所修饰词后面The meeting today is very important.The population here is very large.2.作表语，指主语的方向，方位等Is anybody in?My bedroom is upstairs.,4.副词的位置,1.时间副词，地点副词和一些方式副词放在句末，如果句中同时出现几个副词，顺序；方式地点时间He told it to
12、me angrily at school yesterday.一些方式副词一般放于句末He closed the door quietly,.表示确切时间的副词常用于句首句末Tomorrow I will go to Beijing.I saw him yesterday.地点副词放于句末。He often come here2.频度副词一般放在行为动词前，助动词，系动词，情态动词后。She always goes to school at seven.He has never been to shanghai.,3.程度副词（enough除外一般放在被修饰的形容词，副词，动词前。This i
13、s a very good bookI quite understand.She studies much harder.4.表示可能性的副词或表示真实性有多大的副词，通常不用于句末。（probably，possibly,certainly,definitely）They have probably gone there.,5.副词修饰全句时的位置,大多数修饰全句的副词可以置于句首，句中或句末，多用逗号和其他部分隔开。Indeed，I didnt know where she was.He had left,however,he still live in my heart.有些副词可以表明我们对自己正在说的话所持的态度，或起连接上下文的作用，置于句首 Actually,you are mistaken.Honestly,he is unfit for you.,Home work,Finish the paperRemember the words of unit 5 and unit 6,Thankyou,
