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1、Grammar,The Attributive Clause,Who will win the match is still unknown.I want to know what he has told you.The fact is that we have lost the game.The news that we won the game is exciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,Who will win the match,what he has told you,that we have lost the game,that we won the gam
2、e,定语从句:,在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句.,He is a boy who runs fast in Class Four.,who runs fast in Class Four,关系词 作用：,引导定语从句；代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成份,The man who is standing there is my brother.,先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词,关系代词：引导定语从句的词,2.关系词(引导词)关系代词:关系副词:,人,人,物,人/物,who,whom,which,that,whose,as（主宾表）,when,where,why（状）,(whose作定语
3、;whom作宾语),如何选择用哪一个关系词?,看先行词是人还是物看关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分,如果充当主,宾,表,定语,就用关系代词,如果充当状语,就用关系副词,I know the boy who/that sits on the left of Chenchengjie.,I know the woman whose husband is a doctor.,I know the boy.The boy sits on the left of Cehnchengjie.,把下面的句子合并成定语从句：,I know the woman.The womans husband is a do
4、ctor.,English is an important subject.We must learn English well.,English is an important subject(which/that)we must learn well.,who/that,which/that,whose,Ill never forget Luoding Middle School.I study in Luoding Middle School.,Ill never forget Luoding Middle School where I study.,Ill never forget t
5、hose days when I studied in Luoding Middle School.,Ill never forget those days.I studied in Luoding Middle School in those days.,where,when,当先行词是物或人时,只用that 或只用which 或只用who引导定语从句的情况2.当先行词是表示时间,地点或原因的名词时,如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词3.whose 的用法及转换形式4.as 与which的区别5.定语从句中的主谓一致问题6.介词+关系代词,定语从句的常见考点,考点一当先行词是物或人时,只用tha
6、t或只用which或只用who引导定语从句的情况,1.Everything _ can be done has been done.2.Do you have anything _ you dont understand?,先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词,that,that,Ive read all the books _ you lent me.,that,先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last 修饰时,Is oxygen
7、the only gas _ helps fire burn?,that,1.This is the best TV _ is made in China.2.The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.,that,that,先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,The school and students that he visited made a deep impression(印象)on him.,先行词中既有人又有事物时,Who is the person _is standing at the gate
8、?Which is the bike _ you lost?,that,若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复,关系代词不再用 who,which，而用 that。,that,1.The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.it,Exercises,2.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.A.which B.that C.it D.whom,3.这是我读
9、过的最有趣的小说。4.这是你第三次迟到了。,This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.,It is the third time that you have been late.,只用which的情况:1.逗号后面 2.介词后面 3.先行词本身就是that,John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was true.(2001京皖春季)A.he B.this C.which D.who2.The factory produces half a million
10、 pairs of shoes every year,80%_ are sold abroad.A.of which B.which of C.of them D.of that,3.Whats that _ flashed in the sky just now?,which,C,A,当anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词时,只用who,Anyone _breaks the law will be punished.Those _ break the law will be punished.He _ breaks the law will be punished.,
11、who,who,who,考点二:关系副词,关系词,关系代词关系副词,which that who whom whose,where when why,关系词副词的作用：_主从句，在从句中_状语，_表示时间，地点，原因的先行词。,连接,充当,指代,1.where指_，在定语从句中作_，相当于_.它的先行词通常为place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等,This is the library _ I read books.,where,地点状语,地点,This is the library.I read books in the library
12、.,介词+which,Where 作地点状语，意为 in the library.,=in which,2.when指_,在定语从句中作_,相当于_.它的先行词通常为time,day,morning,night,week,year,moment,period,age等。,时间,时间状语,Theyll never forget July 1.Hong Kong returned to its motherland on July 1.,介词+which,Theyll never forget July 1 _HongKong returned to its motherland.,When作时间
13、状语，意为 on July 1.,=on which,when,3.Why指_，在定语从句中作_,也可用_替代。它的先行词只有reason。,原因或理由,原因状语,why,Please give me the reason _you were late this time.(when,where,why),Why作原因状语，意为for the reason.,=for which,for which,when=on(in,during)which,时间名词,时间状语,where=on(in,in front of)which,why=for which,地点名词,地点状语,reason,原因状
14、语,考点二:先行词是表示时间,地点或原因的名词时关系副词or关系代词?,His father works in a factory _makes radio parts.,His father works in a factory _radio parts are made.,which,where,选用where，which,方法一:看关系词在从句中充当什么成分 充当主，宾，表或定语用。充当状语用。,关系代词,关系副词,This is the house _they visited last time.,This is the house_ we lived before.,This is
15、the house _we lived in before.,which,where,which,方法二.看从句中的谓语动词 vt.后面无宾语,用关系代词 vi.后面没介词，用关系副词 后面有介词,用关系代词，做介词的宾语,选用where,which,She will never forget the day _ she lost the ring.,I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.,when,which,选用when，which,方法三:看从句的意思是否完整 不完整,用关系代词,完整,用关系副词,Tell the diffe
16、rence between them.This is the factory(_ makes shoes.)This is the factory(_ his father works.)This is the factory(_ we visited yesterday.)The day(_ I will never forget)is January 30th.I can not forget the day(_)I joined the party.Please tell me the reason(_you are late.)He has told me the reason(_ c
17、an explain his absence(缺席)from the meeting.)The reason(_he told us)was not true.,which/that,where,which/that/-,which/that/-,when,why,which/that,which/that/-,1.关系副词when 和where引导的定语从句中，when和where 可以用介词+which 来代替，介词要根据与先行词的关系来确定。,He will remember the years _he studied at college.,when,/in which,This is
18、 the farm _my father used to work.,where,/on which,2.关系副词why引导的定语从句中,why 可以用for+which 来代替,Do you know the reason why/for which he was late?,考点三 whose 用法及转换形式,1.whose引导定语从句，在从句中充当定语,其后应紧跟名词,whose实际上是先行词的所有格Thats the child whose father is a teacher.,whose=the childs,Do you know the woman husband is a
19、doctor?This is a book cover is green.,2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。,whose,whose,3.whose的先行词指物时,可用of which代替,但词序不同，即whose+n.=the+n.+of which 或of which+the+n.,He lives in the room,_faces south.,the window of which,He lives in the room,_faces south.,of which the window,He lives in the room whose wind
20、ow faces south.,考点四：as与which引导的定语从句,小结:as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句,可以在从句中做主语,宾语或表语,代替主句或先行词.,E.g:(1)He married her,which was natural.,(2)As we can see,he is honest.,(3)The dog,which is black,is running toward the strange man.,as一般译成“正如,像”,常与动词know,expect,report,see,announce,point out等连用,E.g:(1)As is known
21、 to all,China is a developing country.,She has been late again,as is expected.,(2)He has been to Paris for ten times,which I dont believe.,which引导的定语从句不能放句首.,(3)He didnt pass the exam,which made his father very angry.,当主从句之间存在逻辑上的因果关系时常用which,当先行词受such,the same修饰时,常用as,(1)I have never heard such sto
22、ries _he tells.,(2)She wore the same skirt _her younger sister wore.,as,as,高考链接(用as/which填空)1._ is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.(NMET2001)2.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.(2005浙江),As,which,3._ is reported in the newspapers,talk
23、s between the two countries are making progress.(2004北京)4.Tom has made rapid progress，_makes me very happy。,As,which,考点五:定语从句中主谓一致问题1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Dont choose me,who _not fit for this job,is,am,定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。,3.This is one of the best books _.A.that have ev
24、er been written B.that has ever been written C.that has written D.that have written4.She is the only one of the girls _ well in class.A.which sings B.who sing C.who sings D.who to sing,one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词the only one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数动词,She is not the only one of the girls _ well in class.A.which si
25、ngs B.who sing C.who sings D.who to sing,not the only one of=one of,谓语也要用复数形式,定语从句中的特例,当先行词是situation,case,scene,point时，一般用where,最佳选择则是in which,Let me think of a proper situation where/in which this sentence can be used.,当先行词是the way时,引导词可以用that或in which,还可以省略,I dont like the way(that/in which)you l
26、augh at her.,Translation,1.这就是那位帮助我的人。This is the man who helped me.2.你昨天见到的史密斯夫人是我的一个朋友。Mrs Smith whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.3.你认识一个叫王雨的人吗？Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?,4.我收到的那份礼物是我哥送的。The present that/which I received was from my brother.5.他在我出去的那个星期来我家了。He came to my home during the week when I was out.6.请给我解释一下你不辞而别的理由好吗？Could you please give me a reason why you left without a word?,定语从句解题思路:,通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词4.注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and,but等。,
