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1、Lesson1ChinasGrowthPosesOpportunityandRiskFurtherdevelopment1. WhenJapan,atthezenithofitseconomicpower,builtahugeairportinOsakainthelate1980s,itsetoffa seven-yeartradebattlewiththeUnitedStatesoverthenearlycompleteexclusionofnonJapanesecompaniesm三W依gpcojecefprtac由terofaffluentsoutheasternChina.(para.
2、2) 凯GhiHaS份脚B鲍加SrlWh唳f就相的帕6。惬Iw配电施醺)幽目能睡邪痢6捌6电W桃酶troltowerdesignedbyacompanyfromSingapore.(para.3) 4.ThewelcomethatChinaisofferingtomultinationalcompaniesandforeigninvestmenthasleftmanyWesternbusinessexecutives,socriticalofaclosedJapanadecadeorsoago,enthusiasticallyembracingChina,itscheapworkforcean
3、ditshugemarkets,(para.4) 5.Butthatsameopenness-combinedwithChina,svastpopulationof1.3billionanditsmilitarymuscle-makesitanevengreaterlong-termeconomicchallengetotheUnitedStatesthanJapanseemedtobeinthe1980s,accordingtoagrowingnumberofexecutives,economistsandofficials(para.5) 6.WhiletheChineseeconomyi
4、sstillaboutone-thirdthesizeofJapans,thepotentialsizeofitsmarkethasmadeitveryhardforcompaniestosaynoliwhenBeijingofficialsdemandthattheybuildfactoriesinChina,revealthelatesttechnologyoradoptChinesetechnicalstandards.(para.6) 7.ButwhilethedangerposedbyJapantoothereconomiesoverthelastdecadehastakenonth
5、enumbingformofeconomicstagnationandpoliticallassitude,Chinaposestheriskoffast,sharpshocks(para.9) 8.Itstransitionfromaplannedeconomytoaformofcapitalismseemstomakeespeciallysusceptibletoeconomicboomsandbusts,andChineseofficialshavebegunworryingthatanunsustainableeconomicbubbleisdeveloping,(para.10) 9
6、.Enthusiastsseeitsurmountingtheobstacles.(para.10) 10.TheBushadministrationoverthelastyearhastriedtoassuageworriesaboutjoblossesbytalkingtoughwiththeChinese-inparticular,demandingthatChinalettheexchangevalueofitscurrencyfloatupwardtoraisethepriceofitsexports,(para.13) 11.Thebiggestquestionlingeringo
7、verChinaishowvulnerableitremainstoacutesetbacks-abankingfailure,aninflationaryspiral,evenatemporaryeconomicbust,(para23) 12.Foraparableabouteconomiesthatseemasiftheycouldprosperindefinitely,ChineseofficialsneedlooknofurtherthantoOsakaanditshugeairport.Theartificialislandonwhichitwasbuiltafewyearsago
8、isslowlyU晋髀口T囹邙除黯和 heir to 继承 critical of 对.挑剔 take on 呈现trade surplus贸易顺差 trade deficit贸易逆差 planned economy 计划经济 work force劳动力 economic bubble 经济泡沫 atthezenithof在最盛的时候 setoff着手做WegFdOnS13knoweTerminal候机楼flightinformationsystem航班信息系统boardinggates登机门,check-incounters登记手续办理处exchangevalueofcurrency货币兑换
9、值1.esson4HomeAtLastTranslatethefollowingintoChineseChiefoperatingofficer运营主管Startupcompanies新成立的公司MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology麻省理工学院Managementexpertise管理技能IT信息技术siliconvalley硅谷talk-show脱口秀Harvardgrads哈佛毕业生 Itwasoneofthoseall-nightgabfestswhengraduatingstudents,inboozycamaraderie,baretheirdeepe
10、stfeelings.(L1,p34) Onlythiswasmoreserious.werewrestlingwiththefateofChina.(L1,p35) Wecan,tsacrificethepresentforthesakeoftomorrow.(Last2ndline,para1,p35) Chiefoperatingofficer/chiefexecutiveofficer(L10,para2,p35) Start-upcompanies/startups(L3,para3,P35) BythetimetheChinesestudentsconvergedonHBS5the
11、ywerenotlookingforanescape,butanedgefortheireventualreturntoChina.(L1,para3,p35) Butthedilemmaaboutthefuturealwaysloomedlarge.(L1,para1,p36) There,salotofthunder,butnotmuchrain,IlsaysPeterChen,adebtspecialistwithGECapitalinTokyo.(L2,para5,p36) Heremployeesdidntknowwhatstockoptionswere,andshedidntkno
12、whowtonavigatethelocalbureaucracy.(Last2ndline,para7,p37)USeiUshTW咐YdeSed扑red根岫。IVWt铲网1. tobaretheirdeepestfeelings 2.towrestlewithsth. 3.tobecomeananswertosb. 4.scribbledownabusinessproposal 5.tosubjectsb.to(doing)sth. 6.toadjusttolocalpractice 7.tonavigatethelocalbureaucracy 8.tofiddlewiththeSnoop
13、ychain:a-tot%dIigbtlyoniheset Management expertise IT silicon valley elite精英 talk-show investment-banking 投资银行业务 start-up company consulting firm 咨询公司Wordstoknow HarvardM.B.A.s哈佛大学工商管理硕士,HarvardBusinessSChOol(HBS)哈佛商学院Chiefoperatingofficer运营主管Startupcompanies新成立的公司 landajob找到一份工作eInternetdating网恋Pue
14、rtoRico波多黎各FauTtW黑甑(VlHjrment 1.Chinaisthefastest-growingmarketforAmericangoods,anallyinthewaronterrorand,atthesametime,anemergingrivaltoU.S.pre-eminenceinAsia.(L1,P44) 2.Chinatodaylittleresemblestheimpoverished,hermeticlandthatexistedbeforeitsleaderbeganfreeingtheeconomyin1978.(Para3,P45) 3.Today,s
15、spreadingprosperityisredrawingtraditionalChineselivingpatternstomimicWesternhabitsforgoodandill.(Para3,P45) 4.AsChinastrivestowarditsgoalofaxiaokangormoderatelywell-offsociety,manyChinesearetradingavenerablelifestylethatemphasizedrestraintforsomethingclosertoWesternindulgence.(Para6,p45) 5.Thepublic
16、healthconsequencesareaspredictableastheyaredeadly.(Para6,p46) 6.Theincreaseinlifeexpectancythey,veseencouldslowdownorturnaround.(Para7,P46) 7.Mostpeoplecouldconsumelittlemorethanwhattheyneededtosurvive.(Para8,P46) 8.Atthesametime,hundredsofmillionsofpeopleswappedtherigorsoffarmlifeformoresedentaryjo
17、bsonassemblylinesorinoffices.(Para10,P46) 9.ThosefigurespaleincomparisonwiththeUnitedStates,whereanestimated60%ofalladultsareoverweight.(Para13,P47) 10.DietaryandlifestylechangesthatemergedintheUnitedStatesoverseveralgenerationsofindustrializationhaveswepturbanChinainjustoe.(Para13,P47) 11.mconvince
18、dChinaisontrackformajoralcoholproblems.(Para19,P48) 12.Attheendofthe1970s,alcoholismcarelikethatofferedherebyAndingHospitalwasvirtuallyunknown.(Para20,P48) 13.AndBeijingnewspapersarefullofadspromotingquick-actingdietplansthatuseasecretformulalltostripawayexcessfat. 14.Ifwetakeactionnow,we,renotgoing
19、torepeattheexperienceoftheWesternworld.(L16,Para39,P39)Wordstoknow World,sFair世界博览会 bepoisedto信誓旦旦准备就绪 COeXiStWith和平共处 environmentaldegradation环境恶化 privatesedans私家车 McDonald,s麦当劳 Microsoft微软 hermeticland forgoodandill不论好歹 specialeconomiczones经济特区 swapfor交换 assemblylines装酉己线 fiberrichcereals纤维丰富的谷类 S
20、tirfry用大火炒 eggplantstuffedwithporkandthenfried炸茄盒WaiStline腰围1.esson9IsHarvardWorthIt?Thetop1Ointernationaluniversities 1.HarvardUniversity哈佛大学 2.StanfordUniversity斯坦福大学 3.YaleUniversity耶鲁大学 4.CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology加州理工学院二5.iksityOfgaHfOmiaBerk更gy美国，加州大学伯克利分校Furtvnrerdeveopmerit 1.Thatswhenc
21、ollegesfloodthepostalsystemwithnewsofwhohaswonaplaceinnextfairsfreshmanclass.(para1,P90) flood:fillsthinlargequantity,crowd 2.Ofcourse,that,snottheimpressionyougetfromthe$500-million-a-yearcollege-admissionsindustry,withitsmagazinerankings,testprepcourses,andguidebooks.(Para2,P90) 3.Certainlyneuroti
22、cboomerparentsandtheirstressed-out,resume-buildingteenagers-assumethat.presumablysuperioreducationalenvironment,betteralumniconnections,andmorelucrativeon-campusrecruitingopportunities.(para2,P90) neuroticboomerparents Peoplewhowerebornduring1946to1962 stressed-out:veryworriedandtired resume-buildin
23、g bigstateU:outstandingstateuniversity4.Ifstruethatbiglawfirms,majorteachinghospitals,andinvestmentbanks-heck,eventheofficesofFORTUNE-arestuffedwithIvyLeaguers.It,salsotruethatifyouwantacareeratwhatpassesfortheAmericanestablishment.Sullivan&Cromwell,McKinsey,GoldmanSachs-agilt-edgeddiplomaisadistinc
24、tadvantage(L1,para2,p75) heck stuffedwith:tofilltightly,crowdsthinto G。IdmanSaChS:高盛公司是集投资银行、证券交易和投资管理等业务为一体的国际著名的投资银行。 5.Thesefactorsmayrevealabilities,likegoodcommunicationskills,thatarefarmorevaluableintheworkplacethanaperfect1600.Becauseeconomistshavenodataonthesetraits,theytermthemUnobservedll.
25、Buttheyarehardlyunimportant,(para7,P91) 6.ThesametraitsthatmadethestudentsdesirablecandidatesforadmissiontoYale-ambition,intelligence,wit-carriedovertothework-place,wheretheywereduly(andcomparably)rewarded,eventhoughtheyhadturneddownaneliteeducation.(Para9,p92) 7.-Ifslikethebrassringonamerry-go-roun
26、d.Ifyougotoahigh-priced,highlyselectiveschool,youhaveabettershotatthebrassring.Butyouhavetograbit.(Para9,P92) brassring:(fig)agoodopportunity Sure,Georgeisambitious,oneofthemsays.-Whenheseesthebrassringcominground,hecanthelpgrabbingforit.Il 一乔治肯定是有野心的，Il他们中的个说道，一当他看到发财的机会到来时，他禁不住去抓住它。Il 8.A200-point
27、increaseintheaverageSATscoreofthecollegeattendedresultedin7%greaterearningsforstudentsfromfamiliesinthelowestfifthofincomedistribution.(Para10,P90)9.KruegerandDalesresearchwhileintriguing,isnotdefinitive.(Para11,P92)fullydeveloped;complete 10.Someoftheapparentreturnstograduatingfromamoreselectivecol
28、legemayactuallybeattributabletotheself-selectionofstudentswhohavelowearningspotentialintolesscompetitivecolleges,(para12,P93) 11.Using1997-98tuitionfigures,HoxbyconcludedthatastudentwhogaveupafullscholarshipataRankThreeprivatecollege(averageSATs:90thpercentileinverbal,86thinmath)topayfullpriceataRan
29、kOneselectivecollege(averageSATs:96thpercentileinverbal,93rdinmath)earnedbackthedifferenceincost3.4timesoverhislifetime.(Para13,p93)eOneofthe100equalgroupsthatalargergroupofpeoplecanbedividedintoaccrordigtotheirplaceonascalemeasuringaparticularvalue:Overall,thesestudentsrankinthe21stpercentileonthet
30、ests-thatis,theydidworsethan79percentofallchildrentakingthetest. asetofpointsonascalearrivedatbydividingagroupintopartsinorderofmagnitude.Forexample,ascorehighertha97percentofthoseattainedonanexaminationissaidtobeinthe97thpercentile.百分位数按数量顺序把一组分成部份，其中某个范畴的一组数。例如在考试中比百分之九十七的人都高的分数被称做在第九七区间内12.Infact
31、,ifyouwanttobegovernorofOklahomawhenyougrowup,you,reprobablybetteroffgraduatingaSooner.(para16,P94)(Para 17, P94) 13.Moststudiesusefutureincome,thefavoriteyardstickofthosedeadsoulscalledeconomists.Wordstoknow Sophomore大二年级学生 Undergraduate大学生 post-graduateW bachelor,s,master,s,doctoraldegree学士硕士博士学位
32、admissionsoffice招生办公室 admissionnotice录取通知书 collegecostalumniconnections校友联谊会1.esson12TerrorizedbyWaronTerrorDifficultsentences1. ThewaronterrorllhascreatedacultureoffearinAmerica.(L1,Para1)2. Usingthephrasehasactuallyunderminedourabilitytoeffectivelyconfronttherealchallengeswefacefrom智。f3q,肯againstu
33、s.(L5,para1)Wage a war Put a premium on Islamophobia (对穆斯林的偏见) Reminiscent of (让想起)eal-Qaeda基地组织eNazism纳粹主义,PearlHarbor珍珠港eTheColdWar冷战1.esson16TextExplanation 1.Ourclimbwillbesteep(para5,P206) 2.vicepresident-elect(para5,P206)e3.ElectionDay(Para6,P206) 4.thatpredatesthe1994Republicanrevolution.(par
34、a6)note8(P212) 5.razor-thinmarginintheSenatehadallowedRepublicanstohinderitefforts,(para7,P207) 6.deliveredagraciousconcessionspeech.(para8) 7.andhemakegoodonhispledgetotransformtheelectoralmap.(para10) 8.theRustBelt(para12,P207) alsoknownastheManufacturingBelt 9.Electoralcollege/electoralcollegevot
35、es(Para12,P207) 13.exitpolls.(para24,P209) 14.GOPpredecessors(para25,P209) 15.ThosethreefactorscametogetherinIova,ashewonaconvincingvictoryinthestate*sDemocraticcaucusesWa闻7pt9()know Sen.=senator参议院eElectionDay总统选举日ePresident-elect总统选举 concessionspeech Makegoodon补偿 theRustBelt铁锈地带美国北方工业区 electoralma
36、p竞选版图 electoralcollege选举人团 electoralcollegevotes选举人票 HurricaneKatrina卡特里娜飓风 blue/redstates蓝红州红共和党/蓝民主党 Easterntime(EST)美国东部时间，CentralTime(CST)中央标准时，MoUmainTime(MST)山地标准时间，PacificTime(PST)美国西部时间，PollingPIaCeS投票点,Predate,tobeearlierinhistory Therazor-thinmargin薄利 Thepopularvotes普选 GOP(GrandOldPartyref
37、erstotheRepublicanParty)老大党 Voteroutreach,选举的参预及影响范围RustBelt,alsoknownastheManufacturingBelt1.esson19WhytheMonarchyMustStay Westminstere威斯敏斯特(伦敦西部一个住宅区)英国议会，英国政府 Whitehall白厅(伦敦的一条街道)英国政府及其政策DowningStreet唐宁街(伦敦一街道)英国政府，英国内阁FleetStreet 舰队街(伦敦一街道)英国新闻界，英国报业 BuckinghamPalace欧的船都语小 1.Itishumannaturetoreq
38、uirealeaderatthehelm.Inourcenturywehavelookedtoourheadsofstateforthisrole.(para1) 2.TheBritishsystemofconstitutionalmonarchy,likethemorethanhalf-dozenmonarchiesstillinexistenceinEurope,aptlyshowswhyamonarchisamoresuccessfulfigureheadthanapresident.(para2) 3.InGreatBritainthingsthatareconventionalbec
39、omehabitual,andthingsthatarehabitualbecomeconstitutional.(para3) 4.Thissystempreventspoliticiansfromtooeasilyusurpingpowerand,itmaybeargued,haspreventedadictatorfromdominatingGreatBritainsinceOliverCromwelsshortruleinthe17thcentury,(para3) OliverCromwell(15991658) 奥利弗克伦威尔是英国政治家、军事家、宗教领袖。17世纪英国资产阶级革命
40、中，资产阶级一一新贵族集团的代表人物、独立派的首领。1649年，处死国王查理一世，宣布成立共和国。1653年，建立军事独裁统治，自任一护国主Il。 5.Itisoneofthegreatstrengthsofmonarchythatithasnevertakensidesinanypoliticaldebate,thatitshowsitself,asaninstitution,tobeevenhanded.ThisapoliticalstancehasmadeitpossibleforthepoliticalcultureofGreatBritaintoassimilate,withrela
41、tiveease,theoriesthatwouldappearonthefaceofthingstoberadicallyatoddswithasystemofmonarchicalgovernment-forexample,socialism.(para4) 6.Anyreplacementwouldberuinouslycostly,bothinfinancialtermsandalsointermsofthelossofaunifyingnationalsymbolandavitalhistoricallink.Onlyamonarchycanprovidesuchcontinuity
42、,remainingconstantinacountrysever-changingnationalvision,(para5) 7.Aftertheannushorribilis,llCamiIIagateJI-SquidgygateIIandotherroyalantics,supportforthemonarchyinGreatBritaindroppedto38percent,(para7)8.Thepublicactionsandstatementsofothermembersoftheroyalfamily-howeverlaudableordistressingtheymaybe
43、-havenoeffectonthemonarchspowerorstatus.Norshouldanyindividuascharacterofconductbeconfusedwiththoseofaninstitutionofmuchlongerstanding.Monarchyslegitimacyflowsfromitshistoryandtraditionsandfromthefactthatitcannotbeoverwhelmedbyanyshort-livedcultofpersonality.Itcommandstoomuchrespect.(para8)皇室其它成员在公共
44、场合的行为及演说一无论是值得称赞的还是令人反感的一都对君主的权力或者地位没有任何影响，也不应将任何个人的行为和性格与历史更久远的机构相混同。君主制的合法性来自于其历史，传统，以及它不能被任何短暂的个人崇拜所推翻这个事实，它博得太多的尊崇。Wordstoknowevenhanded:themonarchy君主政体.叩OlitiCalstancemonarch君.withrelativeeaseConstitutionalmonarchy4主.立宪制.Onthefaceofthings,judgingbywhatQParliaetaryderacvii$J.onecanseeNeaeIInngGO
45、mPrennsionatoddswith=indisagreementwith*jettisonthemonarchy1.WhatwasMr.ChurchillsviewonBritainssystemofgovernm用水UPSidedownMr1Churchilloftendescribedparliamentarydemocracyandeo将&it内oi。吊削价&nearlfhyasbeingimperfect,butthebestthatmanhadyetdevised.1HerMajesty 2.WhatroledoesQueenElizabethIlplay?Cansheplay
46、abejterrpiethajntal11Americanpresidentinasense?.QueenElizabethIlisheadofstatenotonlyofBritain,butasoftraaa,rmbinedDODuIationof1.5billion.Inshort,sheisheadofstate0Wb,eo3nationsofthemmonwalth,withaSftanoneQuarteroftheearthsinhabitants.Accordingtothewriter,shecanplayabetterrolethananAm*11hakjparbseid,H
47、PeinrvainsgepBaeisBecauseoneofthegreatstrengthsofmonarchyisthatithasnevertakensidesinany0olAitij-Webatre.hTichailsapoliticalstancehasmadeitpossibleforthepoliticalCiituretoassimilate,withrelativeeaae,f0cofthin9stoberadicallyatOddswithasystemofmonarchcalgovernment.oncnyasdignityandhistoricalreevancetoallstateocccasions,andtherecanbenoocditr11;st11lmoreimpressivetobemelbyamonarchthanbyapresident. 3.Whatpowerd
