《新时代大学英语第二册unit1Language.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新时代大学英语第二册unit1Language.ppt（101页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、Language,Language,Learn to Communicate,Text Learning,Exercises,Power of Words,Advice on Language Learning,A Joke,Video Time,Learn to Communicate,Text Learning,New Words&Expressions,Reading Questions,Text Structure,Text Understanding,Exercises,Reading Comprehension,Vocabulary,Power of Words,In our li
2、ves,other peoples words can change our mood and even our attitude.Words are essential link between people.In the following situations,when you hear those words,how would you feel?,Situation 1:Its the first time that you deliver a speech in English.But you are always scared of speaking in front of th
3、e public,and you dont think your English is good enough.So you are very nervous.You cant even say a word fluently.When you manage to finish it at last,your teacher says to you,“Well done.Im proud of you for trying.”,Sample:At this moment I feel encouraged.I have done a lot to prepare the speech.Now
4、that it is appreciated,I feel very happy and become more confident.I think I will surely do better in the future.,Power of Words,Situation 2:You get a serious illness in the university and have to stay in hospital for some days,but your parents cannot come to take care of you.Your classmates say to
5、you,“Dont worry.Well be with you all the time.”,Sample:I feel deeply touched.As Im sick,I miss my parents very much.But I cannot go home,nor can they come to see me.I feel very lonely and helpless.So when my classmates tell me that they will take care of me,Im really moved.I know I am living in a bi
6、g family in which all members love each other.,Power of Words,Situation 3:You are doing your homework.But you find some questions are too difficult to answer.So you turn to one of your roommates for help.He says to you,“You are so stupid.”,Sample:I feel hurt.Im slow in my study,but I want to do bett
7、er.I am making great efforts toward this end.And I hope someone can help me.So his words really hurt me and discourage me.,Power of Words,What other words have encouraged you,moved you,or hurt you?,Power of Words,Sample:The other word that encouraged me is“Dont give up;try it again”said by my coach
8、when I got involved in a basketball training,practiced shooting the ball and failed to put it into the basket for many times.The other word that moved me is“Your birth gives me hope and I hope to give you happiness”,said by my mother on my 16th birthday.The other word that hurt me is“I wont trust yo
9、u any more”,said by one of my best friends,whom I promised to go shopping with the next day while later I found myself involved in something else and could not go.,Power of Words,How to Learn English Well?Work with your group members to come up with at least seven suggestions on English learning and
10、 prepare a short report.1）Choose one person in the group to present your report to the whole class;2）When you have heard the reports from other groups,have you found any suggestions helpful?,Advice on Language Learning,Samples:Think in English whenever possible;Use dictionaries and grammar guides co
11、nstantly;Watch English movies;listen to English broadcast and English songs;Read English magazines and newspapers;Read aloud in English every morning;Always jot down words and expressions commonly used in our daily life and memorize them;Be willing to share experiences in your English study with oth
12、ers.,Advice on Language Learning,A Joke,A city man had a new car and decided to try it out by driving in the country.Ha was so happy with his car that he didnt notice where he was going,and he soon became lost.He stopped when he saw a farm boy walking along the road,and he said,“Hello,boy.”The boy r
13、eplied,“Hello yourself,”and scratched(抓)his head.,The man asked,“Where does this road go?”The boy answered,“It doesnt go anywhere.Its always been right here.”The man asked,“How far is it to the next town?”The boy answered,“Dont know,Ive never measured it.”,The man was disgusted(感到讨厌)and said angrily
14、,“You dont know anything,and youre the biggest fool Ive ever met.”The boy replied,“I know I dont know much,and I may be a fool,but at least Im not lost.”,Video Time,Watch,Listen,and Repeat.,Text Learning,New Words&Expressions,Word Study,fierce a.1)violent;cruel;angry凶猛的 2)intense猛烈的，强烈的Examples:我们想帮
15、助他,但是他那种凶狠瞪视的目光使我们望而却步。We wanted to offer help,but the fierce glare on his face stopped us.由于失业人数众多，寻找工作的竞争十分激烈。Because there is so much unemployment,the competition for jobs is very fierce.,warn v.to make aware in advance of potential harm or danger 警告，告诫Examples:我提醒他们树林里可能有蛇。I warned them that the
16、re might be snakes in the woods.邻居告诉我父亲，我们的处境极端危险。My father was warned by the neighbors that we were in great danger.warn sb.off/away 通知某人离开;告诫某人避开,Word Study,bark v.to make the sound of a dog 吠，咆哮 n.the sound made by a dog 吠声Examples:当陌生人走近时，狗叫了起来。The dog barked when the stranger came near.这狗朝后退了几步
17、，发出警告的叫声。The dog backed a few steps,giving a bark of alarm.,Word Study,frightened a.afraid;alarmed害怕的；受惊吓的Examples:她从那栋建筑物的顶楼往下看时，感到很害怕。She was very frightened to look down from the top floor of the building.他一想到他背负的巨额债务便胆战心惊。He was frightened at the thought of his huge debts.,Word Study,frighten vt
18、.to fill with fear 使惊恐；吓唬frighten sb.into(doing)sth.用恐吓手段迫使某人做某事frighten sb.out of(doing)sth.用恐吓手段迫使某人不做某事Examples:他恐吓那位孩子把所有的钱都给了他。He frightened the young child into giving him all the money.她几乎被吓死。She was nearly frightened out of her life.,Word Study,frighten vt.恐吓，吓唬frightened a.受到惊吓的frightening
19、a.可怕的，令人恐怖的,please vt.使满意 pleased a.高兴的，满足的pleasing a.令人高兴的,Word Study,primarily ad.in the first place;at first;essentially首要地；首先；最初地Example:我们商店的确也经营油画，但是它主要是一个家具店。We do deal with paintings here,but this is primarily a furniture shop.,Word Study,primary a.1)earliest 初级的，最初的2)most important,basic主要的
20、,基本的Examples:它正处于初级阶段。Its in the primary stage.汤姆失败的主要原因是懒惰。The primary cause of Toms failure is his laziness.爱和恨是人类最基本的情感。Love and hatred are primary emotions.,Word Study,resemble vt.look or be like像，类似Examples:她的声音跟她母亲的一样。Her voice resembles her mothers.父子俩外貌和性情都相似。The father and his son resemble
21、each other both in appearance and in nature.,Word Study,represent vt.1)act or speak for;be a member of 代表，代理 2)be a symbol or example of sth.象征，体现 3)describe,show描述，表示Examples:联合国是一个代表着世界上几乎所有国家的机构。The UN is an organization representing nearly all the countries in the world.在许多国家里玫瑰都代表着爱情。Rose repre
22、sents love in many countries.这幅画描述了中国人民庆祝传统节日春节的情景。This picture represents peoples celebration of the traditional Spring Festival in China.,Word Study,representative a.代表的；有代表性的，典型的 n.代表；代理人Examples:这幅画不是他在那个时期的代表作。The painting is not representative of his work of the period.,be representative of 代表
23、,代表们听了这个工厂里发生的事都感到吃惊。The representatives were all surprised by what had happened in the factory.the house of Representatives(美国及日本的)众议院,Word Study,cooperation n.working or acting together for a shared purpose合作；协作；配合Examples:friendly cooperation among nations 各民族的友好合作 通过密切合作，我们的事业一定成功。By close coope
24、ration,we shall succeed in our enterprise.,Word Study,cooperate vi.work together 合作；协作；配合cooperate with sb.in(doing)sth.和某人合作（做）某事Examples:所有这些事情配合起来，使这项工作获得成功。All these things cooperated to make this work a success.他们曾密切合作，共同规划这一项目。They had cooperated closely in the planning of the project.cooperat
25、ive a.合作的；协作的,Word Study,existence n.1)the state of existing or being存在 2)life;way of living生存；生活（方式）Examples:这个世界是什么时候开始存在的？When did this world come into existence?约翰为我们提供了全部的生活必需品。John provides us with all the necessities of existence.bring into existence 创造,使产生in existence 实际存在的,现存的,现有的,Word Stud
26、y,inform vt.to tell sb.about sth.告知，通知 inform sb.of/about sth./inform sb.that 告知某人某事 be informed of sth./be informed that 听说，接到通知Examples:地址若有变动请随时通知我们。Please inform us of any changes of address.我得到消息说他们俩明年结婚。I have been informed that the couple will marry next year.,Word Study,somehow ad.1)in some
27、way 以某种方式，用某种方法 2)for some reason 为某种理由，不知怎么地Examples:我们总得设法找钱付房租。We must find money for the rent somehow(or other).我们必须设法把工作做完。We must get the work finished somehow(or other).不知怎么地，他们看起来连反对的机会都没有。Somehow they did not seem to get an opportunity to object.,Word Study,区分1：somewhat ad.to some degree 有点
28、，稍微Examples:见到他我颇感诧异。I was somewhat surprised to see him.我对这个工作有点厌倦了 I am somewhat tired of this work.,Word Study,区分2：anyhow ad.anyway 无论如何，总之Examples:咱们无论如何暂时不要再提这件事。Anyhow,lets forget about that for the moment.我想他们睡着了；不管怎样他们很安静 I think theyre asleep;anyhow,theyre quiet.,Word Study,immeasurable a.t
29、hat can not be measured不可估量的，不能衡量的Example:由于使用不当，自然资源遭受的损失是无法估量的。Immeasurable quantities of natural resources had been lost forever through misuse.否定前缀in-在字母b、m 和 p 之前，转化为 im-，再如：possible impossible a.不可能的balance imbalance n.不均衡,Word Study,integrate bine parts into a whole结合，使并入Integrate with 使与结合in
30、tegrate.into 使并入Examples:integrate theory with practice 使理论联系实际 他们在这个国家已经生活了10年，但从来没有真正融入到 这个社会中去。They have lived in this country for 10 years but have never really integrated.我已把你的建议纳入到我的计划里。I have integrated your suggestion into my plan.,Word Study,medium n.1)that by which sth.is expressed 媒介物；传导体
31、 2)middle quality or degree适中，适度；中庸 a.of middle size,amount,quality,value,etc.适中的；中等的Examples:电视会是一种绝好的教育手段。Television can be an excellent medium for education.happy medium 中庸之道 你要烧成什么样的牛肉?半熟的、中等熟度的、还是熟透的?How do you want the beefrare,medium or well done?medium size 中号（尺寸）,Word Study,reason n.1)a cau
32、se 理由，原因 2)the power of mind to think in a logical way 理性，理智Examples:有理由相信他不诚实。There is reason to believe that he is dishonest.那个可怜的老人疯了。The poor old fellow has lost his reason.,Word Study,reason v.1)to form a judgment 推理，推论 2)to persuade with reasons 说服，评理Examples:人的思考能力使人异于禽兽。Mans ability to reaso
33、n makes him different from the animals.reason sb.into a sensible action 说服某人采取合理行动 reason sb.out of a false belief 说服某人放弃一错误信仰reasonable a.合理的；通情达理的；公道的,Word Study,reasoning a.able to reason 能推理的 n.the process of thinking about things in a logical way 推理；论证Examples:推理能力 the reasoning faculties 这一论证是
34、完全站得住脚的。This reasoning is altogether sound.那个女人不可理喻。Theres no reasoning with that woman;she wont listen to reason.,Word Study,possess vt.own;have 占有，拥有Examples:他被指控无照拥有枪支。He was charged with possessing a gun without a license.恐怕他没有什么幽默感。Im afraid he doesnt possess a sense of humor.,Word Study,posses
35、sion n.ownership;(pl.)a piece of personal property有，拥有；所有物，财产Examples:那个愚蠢的老头很快失去了所有的财产。.The foolish old man soon lost all his possessions.那头目占有了偷来的财产。The chief was in possession of the stolen property.The stolen property was in the possession of the chief.in possession of sth.(某人)占有某物in sb.s posses
36、sion(=in the possession of sb.)(某物)为某人所占有,Word Study,up and down:moving upward and downward;completely or thoroughly上上下下；处处Examples:小船在水面上颠簸。The boat bobbed up and down on the water.我到处都找过了。I have looked for it up and down.,Expressions,a variety of:various 各种各样的Examples:这个购物中心出售许多种商品。The shopping-ce
37、ntre sells a wide variety of goods.由于种种原因，他放弃了。He gave up for a variety of reasons.,Expressions,a number of 许多（修饰可数名词，number前可有large,small等形容词来修饰）区别：the number of 的数目Examples:许多人在事故中丧生。A number of lives were lost in the accident.这家图书馆藏书的数目惊人。The number of books in this library is surprising.,Express
38、ions,go by:to pass 过去，走过，经过Examples:随着时光飞逝 as time goes by 一辆小汽车车以全速驶过（我们）身旁。A car went by(us)at full speed.他们过了好几年后才再度见面。Several years went by before they met again.,Expressions,as well:also;too同样，也(通常用于句末)Examples:我要去伦敦，我姐姐也去。Im going to London and my sisters coming as well.她会骑马和游泳；她也会射击。She can r
39、ide a horse and swim;she can shoot as well.,Expressions,as well as:同一样，也（强调前者）Examples:他不但会讲英语和法语，也会讲西班牙语。He speaks Spanish as well as English and French.不但他太太，连他的孩子们都被邀请参加了那次聚会。His children as well as his wife were invited to the party.,Expressions,Reading Questions,Text Learning,Reading Questions,
40、How do animals communicate with each other?What features do human languages have?,Text Structure,Text Learning,Text Structure,Part One(Para.13)The language gifts of animals.Part Two(Para.45)The features of human languages.Part Three(Para.6)Words in different languages.,Text Understanding,Text Learni
41、ng,Text Understanding,1 When a rabbit sees something dangerous,it runs away.Its tail,which is white,moves up and down as it runs.The other rabbits see this white tail moving up and down,and they run too.They know that there is danger.The rabbit has told them something without making a sound.It has g
42、iven them a signal.,The Gift of Language,2 Many other animals use this kind of language.When a cobra is angry,it raises its hood and makes itself look fierce.This warns other animals.When a bee has found some food,it goes back to its home.It cannot tell the other bees where the food is by speaking t
43、o them,but it does a little dance in the air.This tells the bees where the food is.,Text Understanding,3 Some animals say things by making sounds.A dog barks,for instance,when a stranger comes near.A cat purrs when pleased.Some birds make several different sounds,each with its own meaning.Sometimes
44、we human beings speak in the same way.We make sounds like“Oh!”or“Ah!”when we are frightened or pleased or when we drop something on our toes!Human speech is primarily a system of conventional signs with a small number of words in each language that are held to phonetically resemble and represent som
45、e real sound.,Text Understanding,4 Social order,be it human or animal,is impossible without some form of communication.Cooperation depends upon the existence of some kind of sign system,signals which can take a variety of forms.But we have something that no animal has a large number of words which h
46、ave the meanings of things,actions,feelings or ideas.We are able to give each other information,to tell or inform other people what is in our mind or how we feel.By writing words down we can remember things that have happened,or send messages to people far away.No animal can do this.,Text Understand
47、ing,No animal has the wonderful power of language.No one knows how man learned to make words.Perhaps he began by making sounds like those made by animals.Perhaps he grunted like a pig when he lifted something heavy.Perhaps he made sounds like those he heard all round him water splashing,a bee hummin
48、g,a stone falling to the ground.Somehow he learned to make words.As the centuries went by,he made more and more new words.This is what we mean by language.,Text Understanding,5 Language is such a pervasive cultural phenomenon that it can truly be called“second nature”.In the immeasurable length of t
49、ime since this form of behavior was acquired by the human race,language has always been the best integrated and most often used medium of cultural expression.The idea of human society and of man himself as a reasoning being cannot be separated from the fact that man possesses language.,Text Understa
50、nding,6 People in different countries made different kinds of words.Today there are about fifteen hundred different languages in the world.Each contains many thousands of words.A very large English dictionary,for example,contains four or five hundred thousand words.The words you know are called your
