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1、Phonetic Alphabet,一、学好音标的重要性发音是学英语十分关键的一步，发音不正确就听不准、读不好，更谈不上用英语交流。学习英语听、说、读、写四种能力不可偏废，而正确的发音是基础，音标的学习更是基础的基础。二、音标的分类1.英语国际英标有48个，其中20个原音，28个辅音。2.原音可分为长元音（5个）、短元音（6个）和双元音（8个）。3.辅音可分为清辅音、浊辅音、鼻音、半元音和边音。,音标学习,1.音素:音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素。2.音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。3.元音:发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音。4.辅音:发音不响
2、亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音。5.开音节绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重读 音节。公式:辅音+一个元音例如：no,she,he,we,by.相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。公式:一个元音+一个或几个辅音+不发音的e。例如：name,these,bike,home,excuse,like,定义,6.闭音节 元音+辅音或元音+辅音+辅音7.重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节.用音标标记双音节,多音节词 的读音时,应使用重读符号.单音节词多数是重读音节。8.清辅音：发音时声带不振动的辅音叫做清辅
3、音。浊辅音：发音时声带震动、不送气的叫浊辅音。,长元音：/a:/,/:/,/:/,/i:/,/u:/短元音：/,/,/,/i/,/u/,/e/,/ae/双元音：/ei/,/ai/,/i/,/i/,/,/u/,/u/,/au/清辅音：/p/,/t/,/k/,/f/,/,/s/,/,/h/,/t/,/ts/,/tr/浊辅音：/b/,/d/,/g/,/v/,/,/z/,/,/r/,/d/,/dz/,/dr/鼻音：/m/,/n/,/半元音：/j/,/w/边音：/l/,元音及字母组合对照,1.i:字母组合：ee,ea,e,ie,ei,eoFor example:three,tree,green,shee
4、p,meet,beef,see,seek eat,tea,meat,leave,lead,teacher,team,mean,speak he,she,me piece,receive,ceiling people2.i字母组合：i,y,eFor example:sit,picture,it,is,list,six,mix,fit,miss,pig,big myth,many,twenty,happy,dictionary defect,decide,delicious 3.ae字母组合：aFor example:bag,hand,cat,and,happy,map,mad,black,bac
5、k,bad4.e字母组合：ea,e,aFor example:head,bread,pleasure elephant,bed,sell,lesson,section,better many,any,5.:字母组合：ir,ur,ear,er,orFor example:shirt,skirt,thirty,thirteen,third,bird turn,burn,murder,nurse,turtle(鬼，海龟),Thursday,burger learn,earn,earth,heard term,her,nerd（呆子）,serve work,worm(虫，蠕虫),world 6.字母组
6、合：er,or,ou,ar,o,a,e,ur For example:teacher,leader,remember,player,speaker,farmer,powder doctor,actor,mayor,author,tractor delicious,gracious familiar,collar,dollar together,tomorrow,today,lesson around,account,ago,banana listen Saturday 7.a:字母组合：ar,a For example:car,farm,card,arm,garden fast,class,l
7、ast,glass,plant,8.发音字母：u,o,ou,ooFor example:up,supper,lunch,fun,gun,hunt,cup,bus come,mother,brother,love trouble,rough,flourish(兴旺，繁荣)blood,flood 9.:字母组合：al,or,oor,au,our,ou,ar For example:small,wall,talk,tall,hall,ball,call,walk short,more,lord,horse,for,forty,sport door,floor author,caught,autumn
8、 four,mourn(哀悼，哀伤v.),court bought warm,quarrel（争吵v.）,quarter(四分之一)10.发音字母：o,a For example:lost,lot,fox,box,mop(拖把n./v.),loss,collar want wash,11.u:字母组合：oo,o,u For example:food,moon,room,broom(扫帚),doom(厄运，注定v.),tooth do,two truth,full 12.u 字母组合：oo,ou,u,o For example:look,good,foot,book should,could p
9、ut,full,bull(公牛),pull,push woman13.ei 发音字母：a,ay,ea,ai,ey For example:name,cake,late,gate,plane play,say,may,way great,break rain,paint,plain(平原，简单的)they,grey 14.ai 发音字母：i,y,eye For example:bike,fine,find,die,nine,light,night,high my,try,fly eye,15.au 字母组合：ou,ow For example:house,out,count sound now,
10、cow,how16.u 发音字母:o,ow,oa For example:home,cold,go know,low,below,grow,boat,coat,goal(目标，球门)17.i 字母组合:oy,oiFor example:boy,toy,joy oil,voice,choice 18.i 字母组合:eer,ear,ea,ere,ierFor example:beer,deer ear,near idea here fierce 19.e 字母组合:ear,air,are,ereFor example:pear,bear chair,air,fair care there,wher
11、e 20.u 字母组合：our,oorFor example:tour poor,容易混淆的元音,1.ae e bad bed;hand head;sad said 2.i:ei real rail;greet great;mean main 3.e ai bet bite;red write;said side;head hide 4.au:house horse;loud lord(主，上帝);south sauce 5.au found fun;down done;town ton(吨),辅音,1)p pen pear play pig pull push 2)b book big bo
12、ot(靴子)bike bread break 3)t tree two ten ton town twenty city 4)d door dull desk dose do dog dictionary 5)k king kite key look book kitchen sky(发音字母k)card cat cream correct come account accept(发音字母c)fox box oxygen x-ray(发音字母x)school schedule scheme(计划)(字母组合ch)6)g good goal goat grade long language 7)
13、m man make moon morning move come comb 8)n pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean 9)uncle bank English think thank sing king morning evening10)l long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul 11)r read red right run room write 12)f five fly fine knife life wife cough laugh 13)v very
14、even every voice 14)s six sit student same seat kiss miss case(发音字母s)license city ceiling celebrate(发音字母c)piece science space(字母组合ce),15)z zoo zero close nose suppose pause those whose 16)w think thank thirty tooth mouth 17)t tomorrow teacher 18)sheep shoulder she wash nation attention station socia
15、l 19)pleasure 20)h hot home house horse how who 21)w when what where window wind wood 22)j yes year yell you your yolk yellow 23)t child chicken china chair lunch catch teach 24)d age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge enjoy June25)tr tree country try treat26)dr dry dream drop drive drink 27)ts
16、 students boots boats goats nuts 28)dz goods woods moods hoods,容易混淆的辅音,1.v w vest(背心，汗衫)west;very well 2.s sink think;mass math;miss myth3.z breeze breathe 4.n thin thing;sin(罪恶)sing;win wing(翅膀),一 元音字母在重读音节中的读音 a 在开音节中 ei name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中 ae bag dad hat map black back e 在开音节中 i:he th
17、ese me Chinese 在闭音节中 e bed let pen desk yes egg i 在开音节中 ai bike fly drive time nice kite 在闭音节中 i fish big drink sit milk swim o 在开音节中 au those close go hoe home no 在闭音节中 clock not box shop sock u 在开音节中 ju:student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中 bus cup jump much lunch Note:在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读u:音,例
18、如:June blue ruler super,二 元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 a,i China another woman breakfast orange comrade village cabbage e,i hundred student open weekend chicken pocket begin children i/i,ai holiday beautiful family animal exercise satellite o,u second tonight somebody welcome also zero photo u,ju:autumn difficult
19、 popular congratulation January 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读ei音,例如:operate u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读u(:)音,例如:July influence February issue,三 元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 a在w音后面 want what watch wash quality a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 a:after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i在-nd-ld和gh前 ai find child light high o在-st
20、-ld前 u most postcard old cold o在m n v th前 come monkey love mother,四-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 ar ar在w音后面 a:car farm dark sharpener:warm quarter towards or or在w音后面:forty morning short:word worker worse er ir ur:certainly bird Thursday 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音.例如:carry sorry hurry-r音节在非重读音节中通
21、常读音,例如:dollar teacher forget Saturday,五-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 are care dare hare ere i here mere ire ai fire hire wire ore:more score before ure ju:pure cure are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读音,例如:picture pleasure 重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元音字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读r音.例如:parent zero story during inspiring,六
22、 元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音 复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读.例如:everyday ei blackboard:有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音.例如:holy神圣+day ei日子 holiday i 假日 break中断+fast a:斋戒 breakfast 早餐 cup茶杯+board 木板C:cupboard 碗柜,辅音字母,1.b b bike bus bag/bomb tomb2.c c在e前或在i/y前 s face decide c
23、ycle k cake picture coat music 3.ch t much chick rich teacher k school headache chemistry machine 4.-ck k cock pocket black knock5.d d doctor bread hand day6.-dge d bridge fridge7.dr-dr children driver drink8.f f five four breakfast9.g g在e前 d orange large German g bag garden go10.gh f cough enough/l
24、ight daughter high,11.gu-gue gu在非重读音节中 g guess league dialogue gw language anguish 12.h h hot head house hand/hour honest 13.j d jeep jar joke join July 14.k k kind bike skate make week 15.kn-n knife know knock 16.l l life milk school tall 17.m m monkey come autumn18.-mn m autumn column19.n n在k g音前
25、n not shine ten note uncle thank hungry 20.-ng morning young wrong 21.p p paper plane pig ship pen 22.ph f elephant photo telephone23.q k Iraq 24.qu-kw quality quite 25.r r red rubber ruler,26.s在词首或清辅音前s sit sleep desk 元音字母间或浊辅音前z music husband27.sc-sk scarlet(红衣)s muscle science 28.sh F she fish sh
26、irt wash29.t在通常情况下t ten letter meet 在弱读字母ia ie io前 patient nation 30.tch t watch31.th在通常情况下 thin thirty method 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 the these with than 在词尾-the-ther中 clothe father weather 32.tr-tr tree train country truck 33.v v very voice love leave 34.w w week win wake sweet wait/answer two 35.wh-wh-在字母o
27、前h who whose whole w what when white why36.x ks box text exercise 在重读元音前 gz examle exist exact37.wr-r write38.y-j yes yard yellow young39.z z puzzle zero zoo,英语常用50句,1.How do you do?你好！（常用语初次见面）2.Nice to meet you!很高兴见到你!Im glad to have met you!3.Well done!=Good job!干得好！4.Can/May I help you?=What can
28、 I do for you?我可以帮你么？5.This way please!这边请！6.How are you doing?你好吗？7.Im doing great.我过得很好。8.Whats up?出什么事了/你在忙些什么/怎么了？9.Nothing special.没什么特别的。10.Hi.Long time no see.嗨，好久不见了。11.So far so good.到目前为止，一切都好。12.Things couldnt be better.一切顺利。13.How about yourself?你自己呢？,14.Today is a great day.今天是个好日子。15.A
29、re you making progress?有进展吗？16.May I have your name,please?请问尊姓大名？17.Ive heard so much about you.久仰大名。18.I hope youre enjoying your staying here.希望你在这里过得愉快。19.Lets get together again.改天再聚聚。20.Thats a great idea!好主意！21.Please say hello to your mother for me.请代我向你母亲问好。22.Dont forget us.别忘了我们。23.Keep i
30、n touch.保持联系。24.I had a wonderful time here.我在这里度过了难忘的时光。25.Have a nice weekend.周末愉快。26.Same to you.彼此彼此。27.Nice talking to you.很高兴与你聊天。28.Take care of yourself.自己当心/照顾好你自己。29.Thank you for everything.谢谢你的多方关照/你为我所做的一切。30.Thank you all for coming.谢谢光临。31.I appreciate your help.我感谢你的帮助。32.Youre alway
31、s welcome.别客气/不用谢。,33.Forget it.算了吧。34.It was my pleasure.不用谢。35.I made a mistake.我弄错了。36.Im terribly sorry.实在抱歉。37.I must apologize!我必须道歉！38.I feel terrible.我感觉糟透了。39.Its not your fault.那不是你的错。40.Sorry to bother/have bothered you.抱歉，打扰一下/打扰你了。41.What do you do?你做什么工作？42.How do you like your new job?你觉得你的新工作怎样？43.I like it a lot.我很喜欢。44.I like reading and listening to music.我喜欢阅读和欣赏音乐。45.Whats wrong?怎么回事？46.What happened?发生什么事了？47.I hope nothing is wrong.我希望一切顺利。48.I know how you feel.我知道你的感受。49.Sorry to hear that.听到这个消息我很难受。50.Come on,you can do that.来吧，你能做到的。,Thanks,
