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1、定语从句,定语从句-,啥叫定语:修饰方式也啥叫从句啥叫定语从句,定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：Mary is a beautiful girl.The girl behind the tree is Kate.The man driving too fast was a drunk.,拆分法,拆分法拆、找、合,一个戴眼镜的女孩在上课拆：拆成有同一个字的两个句子。一个女孩在上课，这个女孩戴眼镜。找：找同一字翻译句子 the girl is having class;the girl wears glasses根据特殊疑问
2、句的知识，在第二句找出特殊疑问词the girl wears glasseswho合：把特殊疑问句紧挨着同一字放上去The girl who wears glasses is having class,拆分法学定语从句,这个戴眼镜的学生在吃饭拆：拆成有两个同一词的两个句子这个学生在吃饭，这个学生戴眼镜The student is having dinner,the student wears glasses找:the student wears glasses-who合:The student who wears glasses is having dinner 我们用我05年买的电脑拆：We
3、 use the computer,I bought the computer in 2005.找：I bought the computer in 2005.which合；We use the computer which/that/不填 I bought in 2005.,我在街上遇到了这个我以前在上海交的朋友1 我在街上遇到了这个朋友，2 我以前在上海交朋友I met the friend on the street.I made the friend in Shanghai.Who/Whom I made in Shanghai.I met the friend who I made
4、in Shanghai on the street,Join two sentences into one:The boy is my brother.He helped me.,1.The boy who helped me is my brother.,The film is interesting.They saw it last night.,2.The film they saw last night is interesting.,The students will not pass the exam.They dont work hard.,3.The students who
5、dont work hard will not pass the exam.,定语从句用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。1.The students(who dont study hard)will not pass 先行词 定语从句the exam.主句:,The students will not pass the exam.,2.The woman(whom you saw in the park)is our 先行词 定语从句English teacher.主句:,The woman is our English teach
6、er.,从句的主语：,you,从句的宾语：,whom,3.A shoe shop is a shop(which sells shoes).主句：,A shoe shop is a shop.,从句的主语:,which,4.The book(that you want)is on the desk.主句从句的主语:从句的宾语：,The book is on the desk.,you,that,引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that,which,whowhom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。The man(that/who told us a fu
7、nny story)is in the next room.,主语,I lost the book(that/which)you gave me).,宾语,归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which,指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。,1)A plane is a machine _ can fly.2)The car _ my uncle bought last week was stolen.3)The students _ dont study hardwill not pass
8、 the exam.4)The woman _ you saw inthe park is our English teacher.5)He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.,which/that,which/that/,who/that,whom/that/,that,判断下列引导词在句中的用法,Eg:1.He is such a man who never tells a lie.2.He is the model worker whom/who we should l
9、earn from.3.A dictionary is a book which often helps us to know the meanings of the words.4.This is the film which I like best.5.The boy whose father is a professor is one of my best friends.,指代、所作成分、是否可省略,1.That book that you want it is on the desk.,2.Is this factory that we visited last week?,the
10、one,This factory is the one that we visited last week?,3.He is the person for whom you are looking.,for,4.The person to whom you talked is Lily.,The person whom you talked to is Lily.归纳：1定语从句要避免成分重复 2定语从句要避免漏用先行词 3含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,第三部分：that问题,关系代词which和that的区别：,A.关
11、系代词必须用that的情形：,This is the best film that I have ever seen.The first man arrived at the class was our headteacher.This is the only ticket that I got yesterday.This is the very book that Im looking for.Is there anything that I can do for you?All that you have to do is to press the button.There is no
12、time that we can waste.The car and its driver that knocked down the old lady have been taken to the police station.,有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which,定语从句中需注意事项（一）,从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或 序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句.This is the most interesting story(that)I have ever heard.The first meeting(that)we will take part in will be
13、 held in the afternoon.,2.先行词是all,something,nothing,anything不定代词时,只能用that.Here is something(that)I will tell you.Not all that glitters is gold.,先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句 I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that)I see.,先行词是one of,the one,或用much,little,few,no,any 作修饰，用that Is it the one tha
14、t you want?We havent got much that you can offer us.,当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，关系词用that Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?,Summarize:只能用that引导定语从句的几种情况,1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。,2）先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。,3)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something
15、,nothing,anything等.,4）先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。,5）先行词既有人又有物时。,B.指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用which,This is the question about which weve had so much discussion.,Fill in the gaps:1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle_ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ i
16、s in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _ I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _ can frightenme.6.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree?7.My hometown is not the same one _ it usedto be twenty years ago.,that,that,that/,th
17、at/,that,that,that,Correct the following sentences:,1.This is the best film which I have seen.2.Thats all which want to say.,This is the best film that I have seen.,Thats all that I want to say.,3.Is there anything which you want in this shop?4.He talked about some writers and books which/who were u
18、nknown to us all.5.The room in that she lives is a large one.,Is there anything that you want in this shop?,He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.,The room in which she lives is a large one.,Corrections:1.The man just said hello to me is my chemistry teacher.,who,2.Who i
19、s the comrade you just shook hands with him.,3.Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.,(where which),4.This is the best dictionary which I have ever used.,(which that),5.The house where we live in is not very large.,(where which/that),6.The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up inth
20、e earthquake.,第四部分：介词问题,“介词关系代词”即“介词whom/which”引导定语从句应注意：1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2)I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3)I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.4)I got home at 7:00 p.m.yesterday,_ most people had
21、had supper.,on which,during which,in which,by which,B.与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _ I paid29 US dollars?2)Have you found the book _ I spent29 US dollars?3)Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4)Have you found the book _ she often talks?,for which,on which,from which,about which,2.“介词who
22、m/which”与“whom/which/that/介词”的转换。1）The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood.The chair(which/that)she is sitting on is madeof wood.2)Is this the book which you are looking for?介词for不能与 look分开。3.way作先行词1)The way(in which/that)he looks at the problems is wrong.,Whose的用法,例：我喜欢去有悠久历史的地方拆：I like
23、to visit a place.The places history is long.概念颠覆：His book whose book.Toms book whose bookThe places history whose history找：The places history is long.whose 合:I like to visit a place whose history is long.例：Do you know the woman whose name is Mary.例：Pass me the dictionary of which cover is black.总结：w
24、hose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词.对物可用whose,of which 两种,4.表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of,有时可用whose转换。1)There are 100 teachers in our school,_60 are women teachers.2)He has three children,two _ work asteachers.3)That table has four legs,all _ arevery short.4)Im painting a house,the roof _ isround.,Im pai
25、nting a house whose roof is.,5)They live in a house,_ windows facesouth.,They live in a house,the windows_ face south.,of whom,of whom,of which,of which,whose,of which,用介词关系代词填空1 The boy was staying in the room _window he could climb down.2.Hes the man _ I learnt the news.3.Whos the comrade _ you ju
26、st shookhands.4.There are 52 students in our class,_nearly 40 are League members.5.I know a lady the husband _ is a Nobel Prize winner.6.Do you know the driver who caused the traffic accident _ a man was killed.7.This is the way _ she studies English.,through whose,from whom,with whom,of whom,of who
27、m,in which,in which,8.The 5 yuan_ he bought the book was given by his friend.9.The story about Shakespeare,_ this is one example,is well written.10.The old man always wears his glasses _ _ he cant see anything.11.The key_ she was opening the door broke.12.The library _ we often go on Sundays is not
28、far from our school.13.No one know the reason _ she is leaving so early.14.At last they came to a river _ a new bridge is being built.,for which,of which,without,which,with which,to which,for which,over which,关系代词引导的定语从句：Complete the following sentences:1.Is this the school _ you visited last year?I
29、s this school _ _ you visited last year?2.He is one of the students who _ good at maths.He is the only one of the students who _ goodat maths.3.The girl _ I think was honest lied to me.The girl _ I think to be honest lied to me.4.China is no longer _ she was 10 years ago.China is no longer the count
30、ry _ she was 10years ago.,(that/which),the one,are,is,who,whom,what,that,5.The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from_ _ you bought last month.The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from_ you bought last month.6.Do you still remember the hotel _ _ welived last summer holiday?Do yo
31、u still remember the park _we visited last summer holiday?7.This is the room _ my grandmother used to lived in.This is the room _ _ my grandmother used to lived.,the one,what,in which,(that/which),(which/that),in which,8.He has two sons,and both of _ work as actors.He has two sons,both of _ work as
32、actors.9.China has hundreds of islands,_ _ Taiwanis the largest.China has hundreds of islands,the largest_ is Taiwan.10.This is the house _ _ the window wasbroken yesterday.This is the house _ window was broken yesterday.11.He is the teacher _ _ help we havemade great progress.,them,whom,of which,of
33、,which,of which,whose,with whose,第五部分：关系副词,附加部分 关系副词,关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有 多重作用。在从句中代替先行词。在从句中作状语。连接作用,关系副词有三种：where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点.when:在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。why:在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。,关系副词的用法：1.where 的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）The hotel wasnt clean.+We stayed,at the hotel.,We stayed,where.,先行词,关系词,从句,=The hotel where
34、we stayed wasnt clean.,时间状语when,例:我总是记得我们相遇的那一天拆：我总是记得那一天。我们相遇在那一天。I always remember the day.We met on the day.找：on the day when合:I always remember the day when we met.,原因状语why固定句型the reason why,例：这就是你总是迟到的原因。This is the reason why you are late.例：这就是我邀请你参加晚会的原因。This is the reason why I invite you to
35、 take part in the party.,关系副词when,where,why的用法,1.Do you still remember the day whenwe went to visit the museum together?,Do you still remember the day on whichwe went to visit the museum together?,2.This is the factory wheremy father once worked.,This is the factory in whichmy father once worked.,3.
36、This is the reason whyhe was late.,This is the reason for which he was late.,Summarize:,在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加上which，在从句中作状语,When=in/at/on/+which;Where=in/at/on/+which;Why=for/+which,Fill in the blanks.1.I still remember the day _ we spent inthe forest.2.I still remember the day _ I first came to Bei
37、jing.3.The factory _ we will visit is large.4.The factory _ his father works is large.5.Ill never forget the time _ we work on the farm.6.This is the house _ we lived last year.,that/which,when/on which,that/which,where,when/at which,where/in which,归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作
38、从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.,Practice:,1.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that the reason_ you had a few days off?A.why B.when C.what D.where 2.Im going to visit the school _ my mother taught physics ten years ago.A.where B.that C.which D.what 3.Do you still remember the day _ I first
39、came to Beijing?A.which B.that C.when D.where,A,A,C,第六部分：中考真题,1Friends are those make you smile,always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.A.which B.what C.whom D.who2Its quite common in Britain to say“Thank you”to the drivers for people get off the bus.A.who B.what C.which D.where
40、3-Barbara,where do you work?-I work for a company sells cars.A.which B.where C.what D.who4-Do you know Hong Zhanhui?-Yes.Hes the college student has moved Chinese people.A.who B.which C.what D.whom,5Jamie is a young cook wants to improve school dinners.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which6-Do you know the g
41、irl in red is?-Im not sure.Maybe a teacher.A.when B.how C.where D.what7Pauls uncle is the man taught us math last year.A.where B.which C.who D.when8The whole world is fighting against the H1N1,a disease has caused many deaths.A.who B.which C.whom D.what,9Is that the man helped us a lot after the ear
42、thquake.A.whose B.which C.when D.who10-The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children,isnt it?-Yes,it has built many schools those children can study happily.A.where B.when C.which D.what11The panda is a kind of animal can be found only in China.A.who B.whose C.which D.where12_have finished the w
43、ork can leave.A.Those who B.Any one C.The one who D.which,13I like the music I can dance to.A.that B.whose C.when D.how14-Is the girl is interviewing the manager of that company your friend?-Yes,she is a journalist from CCTV.A.whom B.which C.who D.whose15 I like to visit a place history is long.A.wh
44、ich B.that C.whose D.who16The number of people lost their lives in Indonesian earthquake reached as many as 6200.A.which B.who C.whom D.whose,17a robot is a machine can do some difficult work instead of man.A.who B./C.that D.what18-Excuse me,can I have a talk with your manager?-Yes?I am just the man
45、 you are looking for.A.whose B.what C.who D.which19Rosa likes music is quiet and gentle.A.when B.that C.where D.who20The book he bought yesterday is very interesting.A./B.why C.when D.what,21 Im a football fan.Im interested in everything is about the 2006 World Cup.A.who B.that C.where D.when22My pa
46、rents usually buy me some simple clothes can last a long time.A.who B.that C.whom D.whose23-Do you like the red car is made in Tianjin?-Sure,it looks terrific.A.where B.who C.which D.when,1.D.考点分析:先行词之人且在从句中作主语是，关系代词用who.2.A.考点分析:people是定语从句的先行词，指人，且在定语从句中作主语，故关系代词用who.3.A.考点分析:先行词是a company,所以关系代词用
47、which.4.A.考点分析:先行词是the college student大学生，是指人，且在从句中作主语，故选择who.5.A.考点分析:先行词是Jamie,是人，且在从句中作主语。6.D.考点分析:由答语teacher得知，是询问职业，故用what.7.C.考点分析:先行词为the man,且在从句中作主语，故用who.8.B.考点分析:先行词是a disease,指物，关系代词应用which或that.9.D.考点分析:先行词是the man,且在从句中作主语，故用who.10.A.考点分析:先行词是many schools,表地点，在从句中作地点状语，故用where.11.C.考点分
48、析:本句先行词是animal,是物，故用which.12.A.考点分析:主句主语为those,谓语为can leave.Those又是后面who引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词。关系代词的意义、人称、数相当于先行词。定语从句谓语为现在完成时态，助动词have表明，先行词应为复数。,13.A.考点分析:how不能引导定语从句，应先排除；先行词是the music,是物，that在从句中作宾语。14.C.考点分析:先行词是the girl,指人，引导词在从句中做主语，用who.15.C.考点分析:先行词是a place,后面是history,所以应该是这个地方的历史很久了。所属关系用whose.16.
49、B.考点分析:先行词是people,是人，从句中作主语，用who.17.C.考点分析:what不能引导定语从句，关系代词作主语不能省略，先行词为表示物的名词machine,故用that.18.C.考点分析:先行词为the man,在从句中作宾语，可以用who.19.B.考点分析:先行词是music,是物，用that。20.A.考点分析:book为先行词，引导定语从句的关系代词应用which或that.,在从句中作宾语可省略。21.B.考点分析:先行词为不定代词，定语从句要用that引导，在从句中作主语。22.B.考点分析:先行词clothes为物，用that.23.C.考点分析:先行词car为物，在从句中作主语，用which.,
