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1、初中阅读技能训练-词义猜测,How to guess the meaning of the words?,词义猜测,词义猜测题是阅读理解的一个重要题型，主要考查根据短文已知信息猜测文章未知词语的能力。词义猜测有两种考查形式：一种是选择短文中某个词语的英文含义，一种是选择短文中某个词语的汉语意思。,1.A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year.2.I made some coffee but it was horrible.In fact,my sister said it was undrinkable
2、.3.If you agree,write“Yes”;if you dissent,write“No”.4.I could see nothing because the light was too faint.5.He is a punctual boy,but he was late this morning.6.Its our duty to protect it and everybody has respon-sibility to protect the Earth.7.Land pollution is caused by solid waste,such as cans,bot
3、tles and some plastic things which arent broken down quickly.8.But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there will be a drought.,Guess and discuss,1.A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year.,日历,起解释说明作用,Tip 1:定义描述法：根据定义或释义猜测词义。Key words:1)is,mean,that is to say
4、2)标点符号:破折号、冒号 3)定语从句,Guess the meaning,He is a dentist,that is to say,a person whose job is to take care of peoples teeth.,牙医,起解释说明作用,即学即练,2.I made some coffee but it was terrible.In fact,my sister said it was undrinkable.,Tip 2:构词法：根据词根、前缀、后缀猜测词义。Key words:1)词根 2)前缀 3)后缀,drink 喝-able 可以的un-不,Guess
5、the meaning,不能喝的,Can you guess the right meanings?,粗心的,不可能的,误解,不同意,超市,不高兴,重建,super-,超级,-less,mis-,un-,im-,re-,dis-,无,误、恶,不、非,不,再、反复,不,supermarket,careless,misunderstand,unhappy,impossible,rebuild,disagree,-able,能够,suitable,合适的,即学即练,The boy had a happy family before.However,after the war,he became ho
6、meless.,home家-less 否定后缀：没有,无家可归的,3.If you agree,write“Yes”;if you dissent,write“No”.,Tip 3:同反义词法：根据同义词或反义词猜测词义。作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。,disagree,Guess the meaning,Mr.White loves to talk,his wife is alsoas loquacious as him.,爱说话的，多嘴的,同义关系,即学即练,4.I could see nothing
7、because the light was too faint.,因果关系,dark,Tip 4:因果关系法：根据前后句因果关系猜测词义。key words:(1)because(2)so(3)as,since,for,Guess the meaning,All his attempts to unlock the door was futile,because she was using the wrong key.,useless,因果关系,即学即练,5.He is a punctual boy,but he was late this morning.,转折关系,守时的,Tip 5:对比
8、转折法：根据反义词或对比关系猜测词义。Key words:but,however,although,though，while(然而),rather than,instead of,Guess the meaning,He had been getting better,however,during the night his condition deteriorated.,恶化,转折关系,即学即练,6.Its our duty to protect it and everybody has responsibility to protect the earth.,并列关系,责任,Tip 6:并
9、列关系：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。Key words:and,also,as as,the same as,Guess the meaning,有害的,即学即练,Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health.They also regard drinking as harmful.,并列关系,7.Land pollution is caused by solid waste,such as cans,bottles and some plastic things which arent brok
10、en down quickly.,举例说明,固体,Tip 7:举例归纳法：根据例子隶属的类别归纳出词义。Key words:such as,like，for example,for instance,Guess the meaning,On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.,家禽,即学即练,举例说明,8.But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there will be a d
11、rought.,生活常识经验,dry,Tip 8:生活常识经验：根据自身的直接或间接的经验，运用自己已有的常识,以及英美国家的风俗习惯、宗教信仰、社会生活等将生词推测出来。,Guess the meaning,In the old days,when girls from rich families were married to their husbands,they expected to bring with themselves plenty of dowry.,即学即练,嫁妆,生活常识经验,定义描述,构词法,上下文,同义词反义词,因果关系,对比转折,并列关系,How to guess
12、 the meaning of words?,举例归纳,Competition,1 2 3 4,100,1 2 3 4,1 2 3 4,1 2 3 4,200,300,400,1.I will not make friends with a dishonest person.,不诚实的,2.Tom cant play tennis now because he cant find his white sneakers.A.money B.bowls C.shoes D.books,3.Although the early morning had been very cool,the noond
13、ay sun was tropical.,hot,4.Yuan Longping,the father of hybrid rice,won the World Food Prize on Monday.Yuan developed the worlds first popular and widely grown hybrid rice.Hybrid rice plants can make more rice than the ones people grew before.,A.杂交水稻 B.玉米 C.小米,1.There are some glaciers moving down th
14、e mountain valleys.A glacier is a river of ice.A 雪山 B 树枝 C 冰河 D 冰,举例归纳,2.Please give me your recipe for this cake，so I can make it too.A.a dish B.directions for cooking C.a meal D.directions to your house,举例归纳,3.Nowadays more and more people care about the exploitation(开采)of the natural resources,su
15、ch as oil.A.商品 B.现象 C.资源 D.污染,举例归纳,4.Many volunteers visited the“left-behind”children whose parents are working in cities before Childrens Day.,A.留守儿童 B.孤儿 C.残疾儿童,left-,behind,1.Studying abroad brings a heavy burden to the family.For most Chinese parents,the cost of studying abroad is very high.But
16、is it worth it?,A.任务 B.负担 C.责任 D.义务,2.Did you ever hear someone speak of a cat nap?A cat nap is a short sleep.People take it when there is a lot to do and there isnt enough time for a full-length sleep.,A.休息 B.小睡 C.睡觉 D.做梦,3.If you know how much the postage is for your letter,you can buy stamps at a
17、ny window.In some post offices,you can buy stamps from machines.Stamps are sold at many different prices,from one cent to many dollars.A.邮票 B.邮戳 C.邮筒 D.邮资,post,4.It is not only drivers who cause accidents,however.People on footpedestrians,and bicycle riders often cause accidents,too.Pedestrians some
18、times walk out into the street without looking.You should always look on both sides before stepping into the street.The word“pedestrians”in the paragraph means_ in Chinese.A.行人B.徒步 C.徒步竞走 D.常散步的人,1.Miss Baker was awaked by a great noise.Their ship hit something and stopped.So much water filled the s
19、hips cabin that all the people were in a fluster A.慌乱中 B.兴奋中 C.迷茫中 D.从容中,2.Now there are many houses around the lake.people often use chemicals in their gardens.They use other chemicals inside their houses for cleaning or killing insects(昆虫).There are also many business-men.Businessmen use chemicals
20、 in their machines or shops.“Chemical”in the story means_.A.化学家 B 污染品 C 药品 D.化学制品,3.Ten ways to cheer upFeeling a little blue?Here are ten fast and easy ways to smile.Play outside Leave your house and go outside,because sun and fresh air are good for you.Exercise When you exercise,your brain lets ou
21、t a chemical.This chemical makes you feel happier.What does the word“blue”in the first sentence mean?A.happy B.sad C.pleased D.tired,Once you have a good idea,the next step is organization.Think through your paper before you start.Write an outline.You need to know what your main points are before yo
22、u start your first paragraph.Use 24 main points,one paragraph each.A.外形 B.提纲 C.中心 D.总结,Lets have another try!,About one in three Americans has a problem with sleep.Many of these people cannot fall asleep.The name of this problem is insomnia.Some people say,“I didnt sleep all night.”But thats not rea
23、lly true.They may sleep lightly and wake up several times.In the morning,they only remember the times they were awake,so they think they were awake all night.,江西省2010年中考真题,78.What does“insomnia”mean in this passage?A.No sleep B.Bad sleep C.Slow sleep D.Sleep with my dreams,75.What does the phrase“ap
24、art from”in Paragraph 3 mean?A.except B.as for C.as well as D.besides,As she grew older,she accepted who she was.Still,she wanted to find the missing piece of the puzzle.After finding out the place of her birthparents,Ida went to Korea in 2008.When she first arrived,she was surprised to see so many
25、people who looked like her.However,apart from her looks,not much could be shared with others.She knew little about the culture,food,especially the language.Beijing in Korea wasnt always easy for her.,江西省2011年中考真题,At once,Lion pushed his strong shoulder against the rocks to keep them from moving any
26、further.“Ill just run over here to get something to stop the rocks,”shouted Jackal as he ran away to safety.Lion stayed leaning against the unmoving rocks for quite a long time before he realized that Jackal had tricked him yet again!,江西省2012年中考真题,70.What does the underlined word”leaning”mean?A.supp
27、orting B.sleeping C.running D.sitting,Homework,1.Go over what we learned today.2.Finish additional exercises.,Reading makes a full man.A good reader is a good guesser.Enjoy reading!,Enjoy English,Enjoy life!Thank you for listening!,江西省2009年中考真题,Peer pressure.We know about it.Your friends wear certai
28、n clothes or listen to certain music.You dont want to be different.So you do those things too.,74.What is the meaning of“peer pressure”in the passage?A.You want to be like your friends,so you do what they do.B.You want to be different from your friends and classmates.C.You want to give your clothes
29、to your friends to wear.D.You want to buy as many clothes as your classmates do.,江西省2008年中考真题,Are sports important?Mike(USA)Sports bring people together,but they divide them too.Fans of different teams fight all the time-they shout and hit each other.And heres another example:My brother plays high s
30、chool baseball.Last week,his team played an important game.At the game,two parents fought about a call.Come on baseball is only a game!Sports are so competitive(有竞争力的)these days.Its all about winning.Then the game isnt fun.,75.What does the underlined word“call”mean?A.Decision B.Telephone C.Suggesti
31、on D.Seat,江西省2007年中考真题,British workers have the longest working week in Europe(欧洲),with 23 vacation days-the shortest vacation.So they feel overworked.75 say their weekends or vacations are too short and 40 would sacrifice a days pay(工资)for one more vacation day.,69.What does the word“sacrifice”mean
32、 in the last sentence?A.Use up.B.Put up.C.Take up.D.Give up.,The British and Americans may use different terms for many things.The British usually use football,eraser and mail while Americans prefer to use soccer,rubber and post.A.成果 B.学期 C.会议 D.用语,Once you have a good idea,the next step is organiza
33、tion.Think through your paper before you start.Write an outline.You need to know what your main points are before you start your first paragraph.Use 24 main points,one paragraph each.A.外形 B.提纲 C.中心 D.总结,Britains smallest school was closed down because its only pupil failed to turn up for class,a fam
34、ous British newspaper reported in May.The newspaper said the six-year-old girls parents were unhappy with a teacher who just got the job to teach the only pupil,so they decided to keep their daughter at home.“turn up”in the reading means_.pass an exam B.go to school C.pay money D.hand in homework,No
35、 one wants to look silly or do the wrong thing at a new job.On the very first day,one of the first things that your supervisor may do is to introduce you to co-workers.These co-workers will be important to you.According to the passage,your supervisor is most likely your _.A.visitor B.teacher C.workmate D.leader,super,
