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1、连词,稻田一中 李培军,连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分，主要作用是连接单词与单词、短语与短语、句子与句子。连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。,连词,1.Mary likes music_Tom is found of sports.A.and B.but C.both A and B2.I failed again,_ I wont give up.A.and B.but C.so3.This is my first lesson,_ I dont know your names.A.and B.but C.so,and:表对等“和、并且”but:表转折“但是”so:表因果“所以”,
2、and,or,but,so 基本用法,1.Which do you like better,apples,_ pears?A.and B.but C.or2.Now we have no time _ money.A.so B.and C.or,or:1.用于疑问句,表选择 2.用于否定句,表并列（肯定句用and）,3.Christine,Aileen _(和)I are good friends.Study hard,_(否则)youll fall behind.4.Are you coming by bus _(或者)on foot?,and,or,or,1.Try your best _
3、 youll make more progress.A.and B.but C.or2.Dont lose heart,_ youll lose all.A.and B.so C.or,and 和 or 都可以在祈使句中使用.and 通常是比较好的结果;or 则表示不愉快或不理想的结果.,and,or,but,so 基本用法,1.Its getting warmer _ warmer.A.and B.but C.or2.He or the twins _ the USA.A.comes from B.come from C.is from4.Not Tom but I _ going to g
4、ive the talk.A.am B.is C.are,adj.比+and+adj.比 表示越来越,A or B 和 not A but B 结构作主语时，谓语动词要使用就近原则。,and,or,but,so 特殊用法,1.Although I have passed the exam,_ I am not pleased with the result.A.and B.but C./,and,or,but,so 特殊用法,although 和 but 不能同时出现。,“so+情态动词/助动词/be动词+主语”句型为倒装结构，意思为“也是如此”，系动词、情态动词或助动词必须与上句中的谓语动词
5、保持时态的一致。例：-I like reading novels when I am free.有空闲时我喜欢读小说。-So do I.我也是。“so+主语+情态动词/助动词/be动词”表示对上文所说的情况加以肯定。意思为“确实如此”。-He works hard.他工作努力。-So he does,and so does his brother.他确实是这样，他兄弟也是如此。,2.So的特殊用法,1.Both Peter and I _ going to Guangzhou.A.are B.is C.am2.Either apples or rice _ Ok.I am hungry.A.a
6、re B.is C./3.Neither I nor my parents _ to tell you the truth.A.wants B.want C.is going to4.Not only I but also Jane _ sure that well win.A.is B.are C.am,bothand,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,以上结构做主语，除bothand 谓语要用复数外，其余都使用就近原则。,1、这里的天气既不太冷也不太热。The weather here is _too hot _too cold.2、她不但美丽而且聪
7、明。She is _pretty _ clever.3、不是你对就是我对。_ you _ I _ correct(形容词：正确的).,neither,nor,not only,but also,Either,or,am,用适当的连词填空,连 词 练 习,连接条件状语从句：,1、Youll be late _(如果)you dont get up early tomorrow.2、Ill come to see you _(如果)Im free next Saturday.3、Well have a picnic tomorrow _(如果)it doesnt rain tomorrow.,*注
8、意状语从句的时态：“主将从现”。,if,if,if,连 词 练 习,连接时间状语从句,I was cleaning the floor _(当的时候)she knocked at the door.Dick climbed up into a tree _(一就)he saw the bear.I knew nothing about it _(直到才)my friend told me yesterday.I havent heard from Bill _(自从)we graduated from middle school.,when,as soon as,until,since,连接原
9、因、结果状语从句,You should return the digital camera to Sally _ she will not be angry.A.so that B.because C.before 2.He was hurt _ badly _ he had to see a doctor.A.tooto B.so that C.so that 3.He took off his coat _ it was too hot in the room.A.And B.since C.but 4.Solo missed the bus _ he was late for schoo
10、l.A.because B.so C.or,连接让步状语从句,Tom is still doing his homework _ it is very late.A.so that B.even though C.if 2.I never seem to put on any weight,_ hard I try.A.though B.no matter how 3.I enjoy learning English,_ it takes me a lot of time.A.unless B.although C.because 4.I will never give up learning
11、 English _(即使)it is difficult.,even though,1)如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：I stayed at home because it rained.-Why arent you going?-Because I dont want to.2)如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。since比as稍微正式一点。as和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：As he wasnt ready,we left without him.Since I
12、 have no money,I cant buy any food.3)for用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。for引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：I decided to stop and have lunch，for I was feeling quite hungry.,as,because,since,for,连 词 用 法 比 较,三者均可译为“在时候”。when引导的从句，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的。一般来说，当主句的动作正在进行时，when引导的从句的动作才发生；while引导的从句中，动词只能是延续性的，一般来说，当while引导
13、的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；若主从句动作同时发生，且强调“一边一边”这样的意思，一般用 as。When I came into the room,I found him lying there asleep.She sang as she walked.她一边走一边唱歌。注意：while 可以表示对比关系“然而”。He is short while his brother is tall.,when，while，as,连 词 用 法 比 较,if和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾语从句是一般可互换。例如：I wonder whether(if)you still stud
14、y in that school.在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：.在不定式前。例如：I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not.用or并列两项以上时。例如：I dont now whether he comes or not.从句作介词宾语时只用whether不用if。It depends on whether it will be fine.那得看是不是晴天。.作discuss等动词的宾语时，用whether不用if。We discussed whether we should close the shop.我们讨
15、论是不是该关掉商店,if,whether,连 词 用 法 比 较,1)sothat中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such.that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：Im so tired that I cant walk any farther.It was such a warm day that he went swimming.2)如果在名词之前有many,much,little,few时，用so,不用such。例如：He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.,sothat,such.
16、that,连 词 用 法 比 较,1.Ill tell your father the truth as soon as he _ here.A.arrives B.arrived C.arrives at2.We dont know if he _ us for the picnic.Ill call you if he _.A.joins;comes B.will join;comes C.will join;will come3.Nobody knows when the windows _.But Ill tell you when I _ the answer.A.broke;fin
17、d out B.broken;will find out C.were broken;find out,连 词 用 法 练 习,4.You wont understand until you _ him.A.meet B.meeting C.will meet5.You will fail in English _ you work hard.A.because B.unless C.if6.Just because we are young,_ we should work even harder.A.so B./C.but7.It has been seven years since he
18、 _ here.A.left B.leaves C.leave,连 词 用 法 练 习,8.The little boy _ when I came in.A.falls down B.fell down C.was fell down9.We were reading when the teacher _ in.A.came B.comes C.is coming 10.He became a doctor when he _the university.A.graduated from B.graduate from C.graduated for,11.Tom works in a ho
19、spital _ Mary works in a company.A.because B.until C.while12.While his mother was washing,he _ his homework.A.do B.did C.was doing 13.The little boy fell alseep while he _ the music.A.was listen B.was listening to C.listened to,表示对比，“然而，而”,while表示“当的时候”。两个动词同时发生。必须使用延续性动词。,14.Hurry up,_ you will mis
20、s the train.A.and B.so C.however D.or15.The mountain was _ steep(陡峭的）_ few people in our city reached the top.A.soas B.sothat C.asas D.tooto,连 词 用 法 练 习,用适当的连词填空,1._they are brothers,they dont look like each other at all.2.The dress was very expensive,_ I didnt buy it.3.-Do you know _ I could pass t
21、he exam?-Sorry,Ive no idea.4.Mr.Brown knows little Japanese,_ he cant understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills.,Although/Though,so,If/whether,so,连 词 用 法 练 习,5.The war was over about a year ago,_ the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with.6.-Is David at
22、 school today?-No.He is at home _ he has a bad cold.7._ Lily _ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.,but,because,Either or,连 词 用 法 练 习,8.Study hard,_ you are sure to have a good result in the exam.9.Please have a wash _ you go to bed.10.The twins have learned a lot _ they came to China.,and,before,since,连 词 用 法 练 习,
