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1、第五章材料与方法的写作,科技论文设计与写作,Contents,1.Materials and methods:写作内容,明确描述实验对象和方法的选择,医学论文中还应说明实验过程是否符合伦理学要求详细描述实验方法和实验步骤，详略得当、重点突出 包括所有必要的细节(以便他人能够重复实验)描述要准确(“room temperature”is not an accurate description)参考拟投稿期刊的表达方式,写作内容,列举建立方法的参考文献，并做简要描述(但不需全部重复描述)如果对已有方法进行了新的或实质性的改进，就要清楚地说明改进的理由明确写出实验条件，实验试剂的规格、制造厂家等写明
2、数据处理和分析方法。,2.材料与方法:英文表达,不可遗漏动作的执行者：To determine its respiratory quotient,the organism was(the organism determine?)Having completed the study,the bacteria were of no further interest.(the bacteria completed the study?)文献引用尽量准确、具体：cells were broken by as previously described9 应改为：cells were broken by
3、ultrasonic treatment as previously described9.,材料与方法部分的时态,(1)材料与方法部分多属回顾性叙述，一般用过去时表示，有时也可用现在完成时，且多用被动语态。例如：The study was conducted in the tertiary level Neonatal Unit of a teaching hospital over one year period.本项目对冠心病猝死的男性心脏进行前瞻性研究。1994年1月至1997年5月马里兰州的医学人员对这些心脏进行过研究。冠状动脉固定术、心脏解剖以及组织标本制作情况如前所述。Heart
4、s from men who died of sudden coronary death were studied in a prospective fashion.These hearts were seen in consultation with the medical examiner in the state of Maryland between January 1994 and May 1997.Coronary artery fixation,cardiac dissection,and tissue sampling were performed as previously
5、described.,(2)说明研究或实验之前发生的动作或情况，用过去完成时；表示过去以前一直进行的动作，用过去完成进行时。例如：受试者就座至少5分钟后，由训练有素的观察者用标准水银血压计测量两次血压。BP was measured twice by trained observers using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer after the subject had been seated for at least 5 minutes.877例胃癌患者中，有9例原已确诊为恶性贫血。Among 877 patients with gastric ca
6、ncer，pernicious anaemia had previously been diagnosed in 9.12名儿童患者中有7名患者在进行胆囊切除术时年龄不足6岁。年龄最小的是一名9个月的男孩，在出生后不久便因十二指肠创伤一直接受全胃肠外营养。Seven of the 12 children were less than 6 years of age at the time of cholecystectomy,and the youngest was a 9-month-old boy who had been receiving total parenteral nutriti
7、on since shortly after birth after duodenal trauma.,(3)说明图表内容和数值表示法等，用一般现在时。所有标本均在-20下冷冻，用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定。All samples has been frozen at-20 until tested by conventional ELISA-The abbreviation(s)is/are the same as that/those in Tab.1.-Results are expressed as Mean SD-Data are given as the mean number of monocytes per high power field standard deviation.,2.材料与方法:注意问题,Materials and methods部分的写作应与Results部分相对应。任何一个实验结果都要有相应的实验方法,Examples:,Thank You!,
