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1、A COURSE OF CHINESE-ENGLISH TRANSLATION,QQ Group:182817412,词语翻译技巧初探,移植法增词法减词法换译法反义法分译法释义法虚实转换,移植法,直接法卡拉OkKTVBP机CD机X光XP系统MP3Word文件做PPTNBATKO,音译法Lu XunBa JinBeijingJINHUAmahjongjiaozikowtowkungfuYinYang,英译汉,汉译英,汉英音译法,一般的人名、地名：毛泽东、沈阳带有外号的人名：黑旋风李逵(Li Kui the Black Whirlwind)含有普通名词的地名：泰山(Mount Tai)商标：联想(
2、Lenovo)、淘宝(Taobao)约定俗成：香港、清华(Tsinghua)、孔子(Confucius)、孙中山(Sun Yat-sen)其它：衙门(yamen)、四合院(siheyuan)音译意译合用：武术(martial arts)、太极,词语翻译技巧初探,移植法增词法减词法换译法反义法分译法释义法虚实转换,增词法,语法性语义性连贯性表达性,语法性增词法,28.现在一定是天亮了，因为鸟儿在歌唱。It must be morning now,because the birds are singing.29.她懒洋洋地站起来，估量丈夫不会再回来了。Lazily she rose.Her hus
3、band probably would not come home,she supposed.30.接到信时我高兴得跳了起来。I jumped with joy when I received the letter.31.你去了也不会有什么结果。Even if you go there,there wont be any result.32.毕竟，还有什么比快乐更令人羡慕呢？After all,what is more enviable than happiness?,语义性增词法,33.老老少少会定期聚在一起操练。English learners,old and young gather a
4、t regular time to practise their spoken English.34.代表们的水平保证了代表大会的开好。The political consiousness of the delegates will guarantee the success of the congress.35.看粮食，要看中国的农业；看农业，首先要看市场。今日中国To understood food,we must look at Chinas agriculture,and to know the agriculture we must first look at the market.
5、36.谁都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦的。It is well-known that life on the Korean battlefield was rather hard.,连贯性增词法,退休煤矿工人张师傅今年年初买了四只小鸡。有一天发现丢了一只，气得一个劲地埋怨老伴。傍晚，有一只小鸡突然从门外进来，随后邻居王某跟进院来，抓起小鸡就走。张老太哪里肯放。双方争吵起来。原来王某年初也买了两只小鸡最近丢了一只。这时，另一个姓李的邻居过来了解情况。他将有争议的小鸡从两家中间撒出去。那只鸡不去王家，直向张家的鸡群跑去。王某无话可说，当场认错，一场小鸡风波平息了。,连贯性增词法,1)Mr.Zhang,a r
6、etired miner bought four chicks early this year.2)One day he found one of them missing.He got so angry that he kept blaming his wife for it all the time.3)Towards evening into his yard came a chick followed by his neighbor Wang who ran to catch it.4)Naturally Zhangs wife wouldnt let him go with the
7、chick.5)And so a quarrel ensued.6)It turned out that Wang had also lost one of his two chicks recently which he bought nearly the same time as Mr Zhang did.7)Then another neighbor Lee came to the yard to see what was happening.8)He put the chick somewhere between their homes and let it off.9)The chi
8、ck went straight to join Zhangs flock.10)Wang had no more to say but made an immediate apologize.Thus ended the quarrel over a chick.,连贯性增词法,1)Mr.Zhang,a retired miner bought four chicks early this year.2)One day he found one of them missing.He got so angry that he kept blaming his wife for it all t
9、he time.3)Towards evening into his yard came a chick followed by his neighbor Wang who ran to catch it.4)Naturally Zhangs wife wouldnt let him go with the chick.5)And so a quarrel ensued.6)It turned out that Wang had also lost one of his two chicks recently which he bought nearly the same time as Mr
10、 Zhang did.7)Then another neighbor Lee came to the yard to see what was happening.8)He put the chick somewhere between their homes and let it off.9)The chick went straight to join Zhangs flock.10)Wang had no more to say but made an immediate apologize.Thus ended the quarrel over a chick.,连贯性增词法,1)Mr
11、.Zhang,a retired miner bought four chicks early this year.2)One day he found one of them missing.He got so angry that he kept blaming his wife for it all the time.3)Towards evening into his yard came a chick followed by his neighbor Wang who ran to catch it.4)Naturally Zhangs wife wouldnt let him go
12、 with the chick.5)And so a quarrel ensued.6)It turned out that Wang had also lost one of his two chicks recently which he bought nearly the same time as Mr Zhang did.7)Their quarrel drew another neighbor Lee to the yard to see what was happening.8)Having heard the story he put the chick somewhere be
13、tween their homes and let it off.9)The chick went straight to join Zhangs flock.10)Wang had no more to say but made an immediate apologize.Thus ended the quarrel over a chick.,表达性增词法,37.中国的影响，中国的成就，在世界上到处可见。The signs(evidences)of Chinas influence and success abound in the world.38.最近几年，考托福的人大大减少了。In
14、 recent years,the number of people who take the TOEFL test has decreased.39.要提倡顾全大局。We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.40.我随时可以在家里接待客人了。Im now ready to meet my guests at my home.,词语翻译技巧初探,移植法增词法减词法换译法反义法分译法释义法虚实转换,减词法,语法性减词语义性减词：减词法不能减掉原文的内容，所减之词，其内涵虽然在译文字
15、面上没有体现出来，却隐藏在译文中。,语义性减词法,41.我们应该推动农产品生产、加工和销售的有机结合。We should integrate the production,processing and marketing of agricultural products.42.只有雨还在刷刷、刷刷地下着。Only the rain continued to pour.43.那我们来谈谈文艺问题。Shall we talk about literature and arts?,语义性减词法,44.我们党结束了那个时期的社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面。Our Party has put an end t
16、o the social unrest and upheaval of that time.45.他的家里很穷，但是他从小就认真读书、刻苦学习。His family was very poor,but he worked hard at his studies even in early childhood.,案例分析1,我的英语水平提高了。译文1：The level of my English has improved.译文2：My English has improved.大楼的质量不好。译文1：The quality of the building is poor.译文2：The bui
17、lding is not well built.,案例分析1,有时英语中一些词的本身，或上下文中已包括汉语中许多字的意思，因此翻译中不要把汉语中每个词译出。,词内信息重复的语义性减词,46.由于各种各样的原因，他们常常感到心情压抑，事业受挫。They often feel depressed and frustrated for a variety of reasons.47.这份杂志内容有趣，文字浅显，立即畅销全国。The magazine has gained immediate nationwide popularity at once as it is interesting and
18、easy.,词内信息重复的语义性减词,48.他家里很穷，没有什么衣服可穿，也没有什么东西可吃。His family was so poor that they did not have enough food and clothing.49.医生给了她一些治疗感冒的药。The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold.,一、表示状态、品质的汉语概念,试译,50.各学校正采取步骤纠正教学和科研不平衡的状况。51.在表面平静的生活下面一直有一种不满和不安的情绪。52.他在日记中记下了这位诗人对中国未来的悲观看法。53.这个会议的召开表明十年社会动荡局面的
19、结束。54.在工作中，大家都必须杜绝浪费和低效率的现象。,参考答案,50.Colleges and universities are taking measures to redress the imbalance between teaching and research.51.There always was dissatisfied restlessness under the placid surface of life.52.He noted in his diary the poets pessimism regarding the future of China.53.The m
20、eeting signified an end to the social unrest,which lasted for ten years.54.It is necessary to put an end to waste and inefficiency in our work.,二、修饰词加动词结构,试译,55.我们要进一步简化手续，及时地、积极地吸收外资。56.大气污染严重损害了人的健康，大大缩短人的寿命。57.几百万的私人小企业大大地推动了国家的经济。58.要认真做好思想教育工作。,参考答案,55.We must simplify procedures and take promp
21、t action to suck in capital.56.Air pollution criples and shortens the lives of human beings.57.Millions of small private enterprises have fuelled the nations economy.58.Stress must be laid on ideological education.,案例分析2,他们八面玲珑，到处有缘。译文：They are well liked everywhere.海峡两岸的中国人都是骨肉同胞，手足兄弟。译文：The Chines
22、e on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are of the same blood.,案例分析2,中文的行文没有英语那么严谨。或修辞原因，或文风原因，文章中往往有不少重复的信息，在翻译时要分析，把多余、重复的信息去掉。,句内信息重复的语义性减词,59.他虽然带着五七分酒意，却装作十分醉的，前颠后仰，东倒西歪。水浒60.要坚定信心，勇于探索，大胆实践。61.家庭中最有损个人健康的因素为夫妻间的无休止的日夜争吵和猜疑。,参考答案,59.He was not really drunk,but pretended he was intoxicated and sta
23、ggered along.60.We should be firm in determination and bold in exploration and practice.61.Among other things in a family which affect a persons health is the endless quarrels and suspicions between husband and wife.,词语翻译技巧初探,移植法增词法减词法换译法反义法分译法释义法虚实转换,换译法,汉语动词的换译汉语名词的换译汉语形容词和副词的换译,汉语动词的换译(1),交易增加，要求
24、流通的货币量也增加。The fact that business increases requires that the amount of money which is generally circulated be also increased.An increase in business requires an increase in the amount of money coming into general circulation.,汉语动词的换译(1),当汉语句子中的动词连续出现时，将其中的某个或某些动词换译为英语名词，可以使翻译后的英文句子地道自然。,汉语动词的换译(1),6
25、2.绝不允许违反这个原则。No violation of this principle can be tolerated.63.计算机出现后，这种论调才流行。This argument was not prevalent until the advent of computers.64.她负责翻译这个章节。She is responsible for the translation of this chapter.,汉语动词的换译(2),汉语动词的换译(2),汉语喜欢从动态角度反映某些静态现实，而英文则反之。在翻译汉语句子时，常将汉语的表动态的动词换译为英文的表静态的形容词，使译文符合英文习惯
26、。,汉语动词的换译(2),65.我们切不可满足于仅仅有的一点点书本知识。We should never be content with a little book knowledge only.66.他热爱科学研究，但对提升职称不感兴趣。He is keen on scientific research but indifferent to promotion.67.他一点都不清楚自己想过什么样的生活。He isnt at all clear about what he wants to do with his life.,汉语动词的换译(2),这类词性转换的常用动词还有：be gratefu
27、l to,be good at,be aware of,be content with,be unequal to,be familiar with,be certain,be careful,be free from,be worthy of,be superior to,be inferior to等。,汉语动词的换译(3),英语介词具有丰富的词汇意义，由于搭配不同，意义不同，可以表达汉语中常用动词的意义。重形合的英语用介词比重意合的汉语多，而且有些英语介词是由动词演变而来，具有动词特征。所以有些汉语动词可以用英语介词或介词词组来译。,汉语动词的换译(3),68.他到商店去买酱油。He w
28、ent to the shop for a bottle of sauce.69.我们不应该只追求名誉地位。We should not be after only fame and position.70.我谨代表全公司，感谢你所做的所有工作。On behalf of the entire company,I would like to thank you for all your work.,汉语动词的换译(4),英语中表示状态、方位和方向等意义的副词往往具有动态的意义。汉语口语中的动词常常转换成英语的副词，这类副词常见的有in，on，out，over等。,汉语动词的换译(4),71.收音机
29、开着呢。The radio is on.72.他们的试验已经结束了。Their experiment has been over.73.今天晚上演什么？What is on tonight?74.她坐在那里沉默了一会儿，然后哭了起来。She sat silently for a while,then started weeping.,换译法,汉语动词的换译汉语名词的换译汉语形容词和副词的换译,汉语名词的换译(1),75 雄伟的人民大会堂给我们留下了深刻的印象。The magnificent Great Hall of the People impressed us greatly.76.他的画
30、的特点是笔力沉着、色彩鲜明。His paintings are characterized by steady strokes and bright colors.,汉语名词的换译(1),英语中有一部分动词是从名词派生出来的，有的英语名词同时也可兼做动词用。汉语中有些名词，尤其是抽象名词，做主语、表语或宾语时，如果也译为名词，句子就不地道，不符合英文的习惯，可酌情译为动词。,试译,77.社会主义的革命目的是解放生产力。Socialist revolution aims at liberating the productive forces.78.无知与疏忽是这错误的原因。Ignorance a
31、nd negligence has caused this mistake.79.橄榄枝是和平的象征。Olive branch symbolizes peace.,汉语名词的换译(1),这类词性换译的汉语名词还有：区别（differ）、化身（personify）、象征（symbolize）、定义（define）、设计（design）、形状（shape）、重量（weigh）、意思（mean）等等。,汉语名词的换译(2),80.他们将为盲人和聋人建所学校。They will build a school for the blind and the deaf.81.全体伤员送进医院去了。All th
32、e wound were sent into the hospital.,汉语名词的换译(2),英语的有些形容词加上定冠词the就可以变成名词，表示一类人，因此，在翻译汉语名词时，有时可以采取英语的这种表达方法，以符合英语的表达习惯。有时也可换译成副词。,试译,82.我们应该尊老爱幼。We should respect the old and love the young.83.在资本主义制度下，富人越富，穷人越穷。Under the capitalist system,the rich get richer and the poor get poorer.84.学生们应该德智体全面发展。Al
33、l the students should develop morally,intellectually and physically.85.楼下有人在哭。There is a man crying downstairs.,换译法,汉语动词的换译汉语名词的换译汉语形容词和副词的换译,汉语形容词和副词的换译(1),86.温暖的屋子使他感到昏昏欲睡。The warmth of the room made him sleepy.87.空气使人感到分外凉爽、舒畅。The air gave people a feeling of exceptional coolness and comfort.,汉语形
34、容词和副词的换译(1),在英语中，有一些名词是从形容词派生出来的，具有形容词的一些特性。在汉语句子中做定语的形容词，可译为英语中的名词。,汉语形容词和副词的换译(1),88.他光荣地出席了人民代表大会。He has the honor to attend the Peoples Congress.89.他好意地给我指路。He had the kindness to show me the way.,汉语形容词和副词的换译(1),汉语的副词一般在汉语中作状语或补语，在译成英文时，有时可以换译为英文的名词。,汉语形容词和副词的换译(2),90.他不参加比赛，我十分失望。To my disappoi
35、ntment,he did not attend the competition.91.我们看到了一片欣欣向荣的景象。We saw a picture of prosperity.92.父亲不赞成地看着他。Father looked at him in disapproval.93.我们决不退让。Under no circumstances will we give in.,汉语形容词和副词的换译(2),英语中介词是非常灵活的词，在句子中表达简练、精确。因此，汉语句子中的形容词或副词常常在英语中用介词或介词短语表示。,汉语形容词和副词的换译(3),94.我们政府十分关怀海外华侨。Our gov
36、ernment shows great concern for the Chinese residents abroad.95.我想男孩子的思维方式与女孩子是不一样的。I suppose boys think differently from girls.96.我们应当充分利用现有的自然资源。We should make full use of the natural resources available.97.她慢条斯理地点了一下头，表示同意。She agreed with a slow nod.,汉语形容词和副词的换译(3),汉语形容词换译成英语副词或汉语副词转译为英语形容词，虽然这种情
37、况比较少，但是在一定场合下，这种换译能使译文更地道。,词语翻译技巧初探,移植法增词法减词法换译法反义法分译法释义法虚实转换,反译法,案例分析,我们马上就要到了。Well be there in no time.油漆未干。Wet paint.昨晚我没出去。I stayed at home last night.我决不会辜负父母的期望。I will live up to my parents expectation.,反译法,由于英汉语言在表达否定意义上形式差异较大，有必要采用反译法，其目的是使译文的表述更符合目标语言读者的思维习惯。,案例分析1,98.我们刚到家就开始下雨了。We had no
38、sooner got home than it began to rain.99.他是非常勇敢的。He is no coward.100.他住在一座危楼中。He lived in an insecure building.,反译法-正话反说,汉语中由肯定形式表达的句子在英语中找不到与之相对应的表达形式，因此，翻译时要转换成否定形式，才符合英语的习惯。,案例分析2,101.阅读远非知识的唯一来源。Reading is far from the only source of knowledge.102.我在任何场合都不会感到拘束。I am usually quite at ease in any
39、occasion.103.他承认对中国的了解还不够。He admitted that there is a general lack of understanding of China.,反译法-反话正说,汉语中由否定形式表达的句子在英语中找不到与之相对应的表达形式，因此，翻译时要转换成肯定形式，才符合英语的习惯。,选择性反译与强制性反译,The world economy is in great recession.严重萧条（很不景气）His strength left him suddenly.体力不济（体力消失）104.他已入暮年，未免力不从心。His age is working ag
40、ainst him.,词语翻译技巧初探,移植法增词法减词法换译法反义法分译法释义法虚实转换,分译法,It is an important catalyst to the cause of our liberation.这是我国解放事业的重要催化剂。这是促进我国解放事业的重要因素。105.前事不忘，后事之师也。Do not forget previous experiences but take them as lessons for generations.106.它那得意的神态，确实招人喜爱。Its proud and self-satisfied manner was really enc
41、hanting.,词语翻译技巧初探,移植法增词法减词法换译法反义法分译法释义法虚实转换,释义法,Early Reagan was a mirror image of early Carter.上台时的里根有着执政初期卡特的镜子形象。里根上台时在做法上跟执政初期的卡特毫无二致。This man is the black sheep of the family.这个人是家中的害群之马。107.我们是一个萝卜一个坑，腾不出人手来。Were so busy that no one can be spared for any other work.,释义法,释义法，就是解释词语的意思，通常应用于英译汉。
42、当原文中某个词语在译入语中无法找到与之对应的词语，可考虑放弃原文的表面形式，对该词语进行适当的阐释。,词语翻译技巧初探,移植法增词法减词法换译法反义法分译法释义法虚实转换,虚实转换,一、实述虚化（一）对义聚合体词语（二）形象词语二、虚述实化（一）普通词语（二）溢美词语（三）模糊词语（四）缩略词语,实述虚化-对义聚合体词语,父母、兄弟松竹梅、天地人王侯将相、男女老少、花鸟鱼虫金木水火土、工农商学兵茶米油盐酱醋茶、赤橙黄绿青蓝紫,实述虚化-对义聚合体词语,兄弟姐妹 relatives绫罗绸缎 fine clothes吃喝玩乐 enjoy ones life108.只要你嫁给我，鸡鸭鱼肉，绫罗绸缎，
43、一辈子享用不尽。If you are willing to marry me,you will enjoy the luxuries all your life.,实述虚化-对义聚合体词语,天津卫这地方，大马路上不种五谷杂粮，小胡同里不长瓜果梨桃，满城几十万人口，就算连河岸边的青蛙一起捉来下锅，恐怕也喂不饱这几十万张肚皮。The city of Tianjing produces neither grain nor fruit,and with a population of several thousand,it would be difficult to feed all the resi
44、dents,even if all the frogs in the river were killed for food.,实述虚化-形象词语,109.孩子是张大妈从一把屎一把尿侍弄出来的，像亲生儿子一样。She had nursed him ever since he was a small baby and loved as her own.110.上海是一个灯红酒绿的花花世界。Shanghai was a dazzling world of myriad temptations.,实述虚化-形象词语,粗枝大叶 careless雷厉风行 resolutely扬眉吐气 feel proud
45、 and elated花天酒地lead a life of debauchery大张旗鼓 on a grand scale杞人忧天 unnecessary anxiety,虚述实化-普通词语,每个人的生活都有甜有苦。Every life has its roses and thorns.别听她搬弄是非，她是个心地恶毒的女人。Dont listen to her gossip;she is a cat.我被认为是了不起的人物。I was considered a big fish.,虚述实化-模糊词语,就觉得中国的文人，与秋的关系特别深了。可是这秋的深味，尤其是中国的秋的深味，非要在北方，才感受
46、得到底。（郁达夫故都的秋）Chinese men of letters seem to be particularly autumn-minded.But,to know the real flavor of autumn,especially Chinas autumn,one has to visit the North.,虚述实化-溢美之词,乐山水光山色独特，地理环境优越，素有“绿杨夹岸水平铺”之称，举行龙舟竞渡得天独厚。Famous for its“tranquil river fringed with rich vegetation”,Mount Leshan in Sichuan Province has the ideal setting for its Dragon Boat Festival.,虚述实化-缩略语,南城五黑鸡具有二低、三高、多药的特点（脂肪、胆固醇含量极低，黑色素、氨基酸、免疫球蛋白较高，有多种药用价值）。The Nancheng black chicken have low fat and cholesterol content,high black pigment,amino acid and immune globulin and many medical values.,
