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1、Advanced EnglishBook One,Lesson 12Ships in the DesertAl Gore,Questions for DiscussionWhats the meaning of the title?Can you imagine there are some ships in the desert rather than on the sea?What do you expect to have when you read the title?List some environmental problems we are facing now.What can
2、 we as individuals do to prevent enviromental pollution?,Shrinking Sea in the Desert:The Aral Sea The Aral sea was the fourth largest lake in the worldHowever,the water of the Aral Sea is currently declining rapidly,and its area is shrinking year-by-year.Around 1989,it was divided into the small Ara
3、l Sea on the north side and the large Aral Sea on the south side.Moreover,the large Aral Sea is soon going to be divided into eastern and western parts.,Image 1 depicts the Aral Sea on November 16,1996 and Image 2 depicts that of October 14,2003.We can readily see that the outline of the lake has dr
4、astically changed during the last seven yearsImage 1 image2,Acid Rain,Air Pollution,Hazardous Waste,Ozone Depletion,Water Pollution,Global Warming,Deforestation,Desertification,Introduction about the author,Al Gore was born in 1948 in Washington D.C.,U.S.He has been a Senator(1984-1992)representing
5、the State of Tennessee,and U.S.Vice-President(1992-2000)under President Bill Clinton.He ran for the Presidency against George W.Bush Jr.but the latter won the election and has become the 43rd American President.The text is taken from Al Gores book Earth in the Balance,Al Gore demonstrates that the q
6、uality of our air and water is urgently at risk.He clearly illustrates how problems that once were regional have now become global.Gore argues for a worldwide mobilization to save us from disaster.He is an eminent environmentalist and has been granted Nobel Peace Prize in 2007.,General Introduction
7、About the Text,“Ship in the Desert”is a phenomenon,or an image of destruction.The desert indicates the Aral Sea which was the fourth largest inland sea in the world ten years ago.But now it is disappearing because the water that used to flow into the sea has been turned away to irrigate the land cre
8、ated in the desert to grow cotton.The scheme was an ill-conceived one because it failed to take into consideration the ecological effect.,General Introduction about the Text,The author,by what he saw,checked and studied the cases of destruction found out the basic causes behind the environmental pro
9、blems:ecological imbalanceenvironmental pollutionrapidly increased populationgreat changes of the weathershortage of natural resources,etc.,He wanted to call peoples attention to these social problems,and he appealed that everyone should become aware of the serious situations they are in and we shou
10、ld highly realize the great significance of taking an action to solve these acute problems.,General Introduction about the Text,Try our best to protect our environment from being polluted;to control the rapid increase of population;to make a good use of the natural resources;to trap more materials o
11、r energy;to save energy,etc.otherwise,all animals and plant life will face a new threat to their survival.,Aral Sea,Why did the writer go to the Aral Sea?What did he see there?,Aral Sea from space,August 1964,Aral Sea from space,August 1985,The Aral Sea,in 2003,had shrunk to well under half of the a
12、rea it had covered fifty years before.,Shrinking of the Aral Sea,1.Para.1:Effects of environmental crises(The Aral)2.Paras.2-22:Causes of environmental crises A.The destruction around the world-Antarctic,the Arctic,the equator,around us B.Classification of the images of destruction-Local-Regional-St
13、rategic/global context C.The dominant cause of the change-Human civilization3.Paras.23:Solution A.Recognizing the starling images of destruction B.Understanding the two aspects C.Changing the view of the relationship-Educate people,Structure Analysis,Detailed Study of the Text,Comprehension question
14、s for Para.1 What pictures does the author create?(contrast)How different are the pictures?What caused the change?What effect does the change have on the local people?,Part 1:(Para.1)what he saw in the Aral.1.We were anchored in what used to be the most productive fishing site in all of central Asia
15、,but as I looked out over the bow,the prospects of a good catch looked bleak:anchor:n.&v.锚，抛锚They anchored off the coast of Spain.,Bleak:1.without anything to make you feel cheerful or hopefule.g.a bleak outlook/prospect/future 暗淡的前景2.Gloomy and somber;dreary 暗淡的和昏暗的；阴郁的e.g.“Life in the Aran Islands
16、 has always been bleak and difficult”(John Millington Synge)“艾伦群岛的生活一直是困苦不堪的”(约翰米林顿辛格)3.Cold and cutting;寒冷和刺骨的；阴冷的：e.g.bleak winds of the North Atlantic.北大西洋的冷风,Paraphrase:,P The spot where we stopped used to be the most productive fishing site in all of central Asia,but as I looked out over the bo
17、w,I could see there was no chance for catching a large amount of fish.This is obviously an understatement because with sand all around there was no chance of catching fish,to say nothing of catching a lot of fish.,Where there should have been gentle.in all directions.Where there should have been the
18、re was The implication is that once there were gentle waves lapping against the side of the ship but there were none now.Instead,in the place of the waves there were stretches of sand.(p)At the place where one could see waves touching the side of the ship gently and hear a light sound caused by it i
19、n the past,there was only hot dry sand which extended to the place as far as the eye could see now.,Divert:1.to change the direction or purpose of something使转向e.g.Traffic was diverted around the scene of the accident.疏导交通绕过出事现场2.To take ones thoughts or attention away from sth.转移注意力，使分心美妙的音乐转移了他绘画的注
20、意力。3.To entertain someone娱乐，供消遣The boy is easily diverted.,How could the other ships be at rest in the sand?,The other ships were also anchored in the original coast but now water had turned into sand therefore they were surrounded by sand and could not move.,Why is the Aral disappearing?,It is beco
21、ming smaller and smaller because the water that used to flow into the sea has been turned away to irrigate the land created in the desert to grow cotton.The scheme was an ill-conceived one because it failed to take into consideration the ecological effect.,Where did they get the fish for canning?,Br
22、ought not from the Aral Sea but shipped by rail through Siberia from the Pacific Ocean,more than a thousand miles away.,Comprehensive questions for Para.2,What brought the author to the South Pole?What was the scientist doing?What was the tunnel through time?Whats the hole in the sky?Does the change
23、 of environment in a particular country have any effect on other parts of the world?How then?,Para.2 thesis statement:,My search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis has let me to travel around the world to check and study cases in order to find out the basic causes behind the envir
24、onmental crisis,What does it mean?,I traveled around the world because I wanted to see,check and study cases of such destruction in order to find out the basic causes behind the environmental crisis.This sentence expresses the main idea and indicating the development of a causal essay.,the sun glari
25、ng at midnight through a hole in the sky,the sun shining at midnight through the ozone depletiona hole:ozone depletion 臭氧层空洞,2.I stood in the unbelievable coldness and talked with a scientist in the late fall of 1988 about the tunnel he was digging through time.P It was unbelievable cold.I stood the
26、re and talked with a scientist about the ice core he was drilling from the glacier covering the Antarctic in the late autumn of 1988.,Comprehension questions for Para.3,What role did the industrial revolution play in improving our life and in damaging our environment?How can carbon dioxide warm the
27、earth?What is“green house effect”?What does the“steep line”indicate?,Paraphrase,3.Industry meant coal,and later oil,with its ability to trap more heat in the atmosphere and slowly warm the earth.P Industrial development meant the use of a great deal of coal and later oil as fuels to generate power.A
28、s a result,the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere grew.Because the carbon dioxide can prevent the heat in the atmosphere from going out,when the carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere reach a high level,it can slowly make the earth warm.,Why does carbon dioxide have the ability
29、 to trap more heat?,Because heat cannot easily get through carbon dioxide and go into the high altitude so carbon dioxide plays the role of a cover,keeping the heat near the earth.,Why are the engines of the plane kept running?,Because the pilot fears that if he stops the engines,the metal parts wou
30、ld be frozen solid and the engines would not be able to start again.What were scientists doing in the Antarctic region?They were watching or checking on the air several times every day to show the onward movement on an outline map.inexorable:that cannot be altered,checked,To chart the course of CO2
31、emission and temperature in the Antarctic,Comprehension questions for Paras.4-5,Where did the author go 2.5 years after his visit to the S Pole?What were the scientists doing at the time?What did the author do with the U.S.Navy?What kind of information did Gore ask the U.S.Navy to release?Whats happ
32、ening to the polar ice cap?Whats caused this?How important is the polar ice cap in the worlds weather system?What did a team of scientists report?What did scientists establish a few years ago?,Para.4 and 5,It tells us the author went to the other bottom of the earth-Arctic Ocean.He found out the tem
33、perature in the polar regions are up much more rapidly,so the north polar cap has thinned.What caused the thinning of the polar ice cap?,Paraphrase,At the other end of our planet:Antarctic as one end and Arctic as the other end.Slab:a piece that is flat,broad and fairly thickFrigid:extremely coldA h
34、earty breakfast:a satisfying and rich breakfastSnowmobile:a kind of motor vehicle for traveling over snow,usually with steerable runners at the front and tractor treads at the rear Rendezvous point:the place where a submarine was to pick them up,Paraphrase,To secure the release of previously top sec
35、ret data:to ensure the making public of data which were originally classified as top secret.Submarine sonar tracks:水下声纳系统探测Eerily:mysteriously or uncannily esp.in such a way as to frighten or disturbwindswept:swept by or exposed to windsWith the stretch of ice field characterized by small ridges,Sen
36、tence translation,I had just negotiated an agreement between ice scientists and the U.S.Navy to secure the release of previously top secret data from submarine sonar tracks,data that could help them learn what is happening to the north polar cap.1、此前我刚刚通过谈判使美国海军方面与研究北极冰层的科学家达成协议，向他们提供由水下声纳系统探测得到的本来属
37、于最高机密的有关资料，这资料有助于他们了解北极冰层所发生的情况。2、不久前我在美国海军与冰川科学家之间作了些游说工作，双方达成了协议，海军方面同意提供由水下声纳系统获取的原本属于最高机密的有关数据，这些数据有助于冰川科学家了解北极冰帽的现状。,How are these hummocks formed?,When separate layers of ice,broad in extent,strike violently against each other,ice is pushed up into ridges by the force of the collision.Pressure
38、 ridges of ice:压脊。冰丘之所以又有这一别称是因为它们是由大冰团相撞的冲击力挤压隆起形成的。Collide:e into violent contact;crash;strike violently 碰撞 相碰The car and the bus collide head-on in the heavy rain.小轿车和公共汽车在大雨中迎面相撞。,collide,bump,clash 碰，撞Collide 多指猛烈相撞，往往带有毁坏性；也可指严重的直接冲突或意见不一致。On hearing his command,the policeman collided out that
39、 door immediately.Bump常指不小心碰到了某人或某物；也可指碰到困难或障碍。The driver bumped the tree while reversing.Clash指有力的或带有金属碰击声的打，敲或互相撞击；也可指两种事物相矛盾，不协调。The dustbins clashed as people emptied rubbish.,consequence,result,outcome 结果，后果Consequence可指简单的因果关系，此时可与 result 换用；但在大多数情况下，该词指消极的结果或至少是某种消极的伴随事物，常常译为“后果”。Many people
40、lost their jobs as a direct consequence of the merge.Result 是最普通的用词，表示两件事之间严格的因果关系，或指先前为某一特定的目的进行的行为的结果。Their discussion ended without result.Outcome 指某个存在疑问、有待解决的事情的结果。They are confident of a successful outcome.他们相信会有一个圆满的结果。,Why would the thinning of the polar ice cap be disastrous to the world?,B
41、ecause the polar ice cap plays a crucial role in the worlds weather system,the thinning of the polar cap might cause flood in many places of the world.The sea level would be raised.As a result,some seaside cities and small islands would be swallowed by the sea.Note the use of model verb.Here“could b
42、e”indicates possibility,Para.5 Paraphrase,4.Considering such scenarios is not a purely speculative exercise.scenario 设想，方案，预测He suggested a nightmare scenario.(戏剧或电影的)剧情梗概P Thinking about how a series of events might take place as a consequence of the thinning of the polar cap is not just a kind of
43、practice in speculation.It has practical significance.,Sentence translation,Considering such scenarios is not a purely speculative exercise.1、探索这些问题并不是一种纯理论性的工作。2、对上述情景的考虑决不是一种“概念炒作”。,Comprehension questions for Para.6,Whats happening at the equator?Whats happening to the Amazon rain forest?What har
44、m can pasture do to the environment?What is responsible for the silencing of so many songs?,Para.6,Where do the billowing clouds of smoke come from?Billowing:large swelling mass of They come from the burning of the rain forest.What is meant by“now threatened”?It means the existence of the rain fores
45、t is now in danger as a result of large-scale destruction.Acre by acre:bit by bit;1 acre=0.405 hectare;1 hectare=10,000 sq.meters,Paraphrase,5.Acre by acre,the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beefP Bit by bit,the trees in the rain forest are being burnt and forest la
46、nd is turned into pasture where cattle can be raised quickly and killed,so that the beef can be used in fast-food like hamburgers.,Bit by bit trees in the rain forest are felled and the land is cleared and turned into pasture where cattle can be raised quickly and slaughtered and the beef can be use
47、d in hamburgers.fast pasture for fast-food beef:alliteration,With more than one Tennessees worth of rain foresteach year,The area of rain forest burned in one year is bigger than the state of TennesseeSpecies of birds:all kinds of birds6.silencing thousands of songs:since miles of forest are being d
48、estroyed and the habitat for these rare birds no longer exists,thousands of birds which we have not even had a chance to see and hear them sing will become extinct.“silencing thousands of songs”is a metonymy,Metonymy 转喻、借代、借喻,The substitution of the name of one thing for that of another with which i
49、t is closely associated.e.g.The pen is mightier than the sword.(Here you have the instrument“pen or sword”as a name for the people wielding it.)Gray hairs should be respected.(the symbol“gray hair”as a name for the persons“old people”symbolized)He is too fond of bottle.(drinking;wine bottle)I have n
50、ever read Li Bai.(the poems written by Li Bai),How will the destruction of Amazon rain forest affect the earths ecological balance?,There are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America.The destruction of the Amazon rain forest will mean silen
