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1、否定句式的译法,否定句式的译法,翻译时，要注意英语句子中的否定转移和特别的否定句型。,1.英语中的否定转移大致有以下五类,A.否定主句转移为否定宾语从句的某一部分B.否定主语转译为否定谓语C.否定主句转译为否定主语从句D.否定宾语转译为否定谓语。E.否定谓语转译为否定状语（状语从句）,A.否定主句转移为否定宾语从句的某一部分,-I dont think this is worth trying.我想这不值得一试。-I dont suppose that he is already 20.我想他还不到20岁。-He doesnt imagine taxes will be reduced thi
2、s year.他认为今年税收不会减。,B.否定主语转译为否定谓语,当句子主语为nothing,none of 或由no 修饰时，汉译时需否定谓语。-None of my friends smoke.我的朋友都不吸烟。-Matter must move,or no work is done.物质必须运动，否则就没有做功。,C.否定主句转译为否定主语从句,在含有主语从句的复合句中，如主句谓语含有表示信念、看法的名词（belief,view,opinion,thought等），通常将主句中的否定词转移到从句。-It is not his thought that you should go ther
3、e at all.他的看法是你根本不该去那里。-It is not my view that his contribution to modern science can be overestimated.我的观点是他对现代科学的贡献怎样估计都不会高。,D.否定宾语转译为否定谓语。,-Neutrons carry no charge.中子不带电荷。-We know of no effective way to store the sunlight.我们不知道贮藏太阳光的有效方法。,E.否定谓语转译为否定状语（状语从句）,英语谓语否定句中，其语义否定点有时由谓语转移到状语或状语从句上。-Hes
4、studying English now;he doesnt speak English very well yet.现在他在学英语，他英语说得还不怎么好。,-The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this,which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.粮食供应量的增长将远远不足以跟上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和销售问题上正陷入危机。,英语中的否定转移屡屡可见。其判断方法
5、有时可直接以其句式为依据。但大多数情况下必须结合上下文才能判断否定是否转移。Think一类的词不表示看法时，就不宜将否定理解为转移。,2特殊的否定句型,A.notbecause,主要分为两种情况1、not否定的是主句的谓语，because修饰主句，表示原因。在这种句式中，如果because放在后面，前面有时用逗号隔开，一般翻译为“没有，因为”,He did not buy it,because it was very expensive他没有买，因为价钱很高。,notbecause 实际上修饰because从句时，不需要逗号隔开，翻译为“并不是因为而”,-The engine did not
6、stop because the fuel was finished.引擎并不是因为燃料耗尽才停止运转的。,-Certainly I dont teach because teaching is easy for me.Nor do I teach because I think I know the answers,or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share.当然，我之所以教书，并不是因为我觉得教书容易。我之所以教书，也不是因为我认为自己能够解答问题，或者因为我满腹学问，情不自禁地要与人分享。,B.all/every/bothn
7、ot:部分否定，相当于“并不是所有每一个两个都”。,-All that glitters is not gold.闪闪发光的不一定都是金子。-After careful reading,I found both books are not worth buying.仔细阅读后，我发现并不是两本书都值得买。,Ccannot/can nevertoo+adj.(或adv.)：这一貌似否定的结构实际上起加强肯定的语气的作用，可译作：“无论怎样也不会过分”、“越越好”等。,-One cant be too careful in making the decision as it was such a
8、critical case.因为这是一个如此重要的问题，所以在做决定时无论怎样谨慎都不过分。,D.A+not+v.+as well as+B:这种结构翻译时一般是先将B译成肯定，然后再将A译成否定。,-I shall not do this test as well as you.误：我和你一样，将不做这项试验。正：你做这项试验，而我则不会做。,-John has not given the ticket to me as well as to you.误：约翰没有给我票，也没有给你正：约翰给了你一张票，没有给我。,Exercise,Dont think ill of me because I
9、 used her help.This was too great an honor not to excite the envy of his rival.There is no story without coincidence.It is a good workman that never blunders.My opinion,and I cannot state it too strongly,is that All cities did not look alike as they do today.We should not look down upon the man because he is lazy.,
