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1、,A guide to English-speaking countries,各位老师：关于该PPT有一下几点说明 目录中的此图片为到此章节的链接2.PPT中很多地方没有制作动画效果，大家根据讲课需要和习惯自己修改。3.PPT中没有制作练习题内容。请也请根据讲课内容进度自己制作。4.英国与欧洲当前的关系（脱欧），以及对其经济的影响未制作在内，大家自行决定是否加入讲解。,A Guide to English-Speaking Countries,英语国家概况,The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,Chapter 4 Ec
2、onomy,英语国家概况,I.Recent History of British Economy,II.Current British Economy,Content,Back,II,I.Recent History of British Economy,Back,Economic Decline,After World War II,the British economy experienced a period of great difficulty and relative economic decline.,Causes,two World Wars great economic lo
3、ss the era of the British Empire was over decolonization(losses of raw material financial contribution to NATO and U.N.Security Council,II,I.Recent History of British Economy,Back,Policies,“mixed economy”-an economy in which there is some public ownership as well as privately owned business.,During
4、the 20th century the government has become involved in the economy through introduction of social welfare policies and laws to regulate industrial relations.,II,I.Recent History of British Economy,Back,1945-1979,Polices:Drastic reforms Nationalization of industries,Result:Although the government cha
5、nged from one party to another,the economy remained stagnant.Britains economic growth fell behind that of other European countries.,inflation 通货膨胀trade deficit 财政赤字unemployment 失业the fall of the pound 英镑贬值,II,I.Recent History of British Economy,Back,1979-1997,Polices:Radical economic reformPrivatize
6、d state-owned industries.Promoted a more competitive spirit in the British economy.Social welfare(reduced old age pensions,shortened the period of unemployment benefits,cut child benefits),“In politics if you want anything said,ask a man.If you want anything done,ask a woman.”,Margaret Hilda Thatche
7、r(1925-2013)Term of office:1979-1990,Result:the positive aspect:Inflation came under control.Business profits increased.the negative aspect:Economy still grew at lower rate.A rapid increase in unemploymentMrs.Thatcher and her polices were and remain highly controversial.,II,I.Recent History of Briti
8、sh Economy,Back,1997,Polices:The Third WayMade the Bank of England independent.Emphasized on the minimum wage and supplementing low incomes Emphasized individual responsibility,“Leaders are ordinary human beings in extraordinary positions”,Result:Limited government spendingKept inflation under contr
9、olReduced unemployment By the end of the 20th century,British economic growth surpassed that of other major European countries.,Tony BlairTerm of office:1997-2007,II.I.Agriculture,I,II.II.Energy Production,II,II.III.Manufacturing Industry,III,II.Current British Economy,Back,II.IV.Service Industry,II
10、,II.Current British Economy,Back,Agriculture,Characteristics:Small proportion of the population engaged in agricultureHigh degree of mechanizationMild climateProducing only about 60%of the food consumesAbout 70%of the countrys land is devoted to agriculture,with two-thirds of it reserved for stock r
11、aising.,Different areas:Upland area:sheep farmingFlat area:crop productionWet and warm area:milk and beef production,II,II.Current British Economy,Agriculture,Agricultural products:Crops:wheat,barley,sugar beet,potatoesDairy farmingWorlds leading exporter of cattle,sheep,pigs and horsesA large ocean
12、 fishing fleet.Fishing industry fulfills two-thirds of Britains demand for fish.,Back,II,II.Current British Economy,Energy Production,Coal mining industryA traditional energy industryRio Tinto Group(力拓集团）,Britains oil industryA relatively new industry.In 1975,oil first came ashore from the North Sea
13、.The worlds 9th largest oil producerShell(壳牌集团),British Petroleum(BP),British Gas(BG),Nuclear powerFirst nuclear power station 1956One of the worlds nuclear powers16 nuclear power plants,Back,1.Business services,II,II.Current British Economy,Manufacturing Industry,2.Retail,3.Manufacturing,British co
14、mpanies are active in all major fields of the manufacturing industries,but are particularly strong in pharmaceuticals,chemicals,aerospace,food and drink.,Back,Finance,II,II.Current British Economy,Service Industry,London:known as the worlds leading international financial centerover 550 internationa
15、l banks and 170 global securities houses have offices in London.,The Bank of Englandthe central bank of the UK,working close contact with the government.controls the monetary policy and give directives to commercial banks.,The London foreign exchange market one of the largest centers for trading sto
16、cks and bonds.the most international of all the worlds stock exchanges.,Back,Tourism,II,II.Current British Economy,Service Industry,Tourism is one of the largest industries in Britain.More than 25 million people visit the country every year from all over the world.,The U.K.has much to offer:Countrys
17、ide viewsWonderful coastLakesCastlesUniversity townsOne of the worlds largest centers for international conferences.,Back,Foreign Trade,II,II.Current British Economy,Service Industry,The principle exported goods:manufactured goods,mineral fuels,chemicals,foodstuffs,beverages and tobacco,The major export partners:Germany,the U.S.,the Netherlands,France,The main imports:manufactured goods,machinery,fuels,foodstuffs,The most important import partners:Germany,China,the Netherlands,the U.S.,Back,Thank You!,英语国家概况,
