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1、,Exercises,Reading Comprehension,Structure of the Text,Unit 6:Exercises,Vocabulary,Cloze,Translation,Unit 6:Reading comprehension,1.At the very beginning of the article,the author points out:“ambition is a quality that is hard to praise and easy to deplore”.Why does he say so?And how is this related
2、 to the fact that presently many people are doubtful about ambition?What belief do these people hold about ambition?,Because ambition is“an unrelenting oppressor,which robs us of time and peace of mind”,meaning that ambition can mercilessly cause people much distress and suffering,driving them to wo
3、rk overtime with little time left for leisure and relaxation and filling their minds with dissatisfaction,worry and anxiety.This is especially true in economically booming periods such as the present when there are more opportunities alluring people.As a result,presently many people are doubtful abo
4、ut ambition,believing that ambition has become too hard to control and is forcing us to make too great efforts and hold too strong desires which will finally destroy ourselves.,Reference,Ex.I,pp.114115,Unit 6:Reading comprehension,2.In paragraphs 2 and 3,the author cites some examples to show that a
5、mbition is not merely the pursuit of wealth,actually people from every walk of life have their own ambition to achieve.What different ambitions do different people have?According to the author,which of them is most commonly shared by people?And what role does money play in its fulfillment?,Unit 6:Re
6、ading comprehension,The author cites four examples:1)Al Gores ambition is to be elected American president;2)Americas computer moguls ambition is to control the nations cyberagenda;3)American football players ambition is to score a touchdown;4)Most peoples ambition is to search for status symbols th
7、at separate them from the crowd.The last one is most commonly shared by people.Money is not the only way but surely the most common way to realize this ambition,as it can easily change into some other symbol of identity and status,such as a bigger house,a more exotic vacation,a niftier bike,a faster
8、 computer.,Reference,Unit 6:Reading comprehension,3.In paragraph 3,the author says“One-upmanship is a national mania.”Do you know the meaning of the word“one-upmanship”?And can you find some other expressions in the article which have similar meaning?Whats the relationship between one-upmanship and
9、all the above-mentioned examples of ambition?In the authors mind,ambition is not only“a quest for riches”,then what is it?,The word“one-upmanship”means gaining an advantage and a feeling of superiority over other people.Expressions such as“outdo”,“excel”have similar meaning.The desire for one-upmans
10、hip can summarize all the above-mentioned examples of ambition.In the authors mind,ambition is a quest for one-upmanship to be better or more successful than other people.,Reference,Unit 6:Reading comprehension,4.In the sentence“One-upmanship is a national mania.”,the word“mania”is also a deliberate
11、 choice on the part of the author.What image does it evoke in your mind?,The word“mania”originally refers to a mental illness in which somebody has an obsession about something that makes them extremely anxious,violent or confused（躁狂症）.Here it means an extremely strong desire or enthusiasm for somet
12、hing shared by a lot of people at the same time.It evokes a picture of a lot of people behaving in an anxious,violent and confused way in order to surpass each other.,Reference,Unit 6:Reading comprehension,5.In paragraph 4,the author says“the contest seems futile.”What does“the contest”refer to?Why
13、is it“futile”?To prove this point,the author describes a paradoxical phenomenon in todays society,that is,although peoples income is rising,they still have to work hard only to be able to make ends meet.According to the author,what is the cause of this phenomenon?,Unit 6:Reading comprehension,“The c
14、ontest”refers to the consumption competition the competition for one-upmanship in the search for status symbols that separate one from the crowd.It is“futile”because there is no chance of winning it since material pursuit is endless.The cause of this paradoxical phenomenon is that“theyre running in
15、the pack with everyone else”,that is,people are not simply struggling to own more material wealth,instead,they are struggling to surpass others to own more material wealth and thus achieve higher social status than others.They not only have to possess widely owned consumer products in order not to b
16、e considered a crank or a pauper,but also have to buy expensive products beyond their financial capacity so that they can be more successful than other people with whom they compare themselves.As there are always more fashionable and more expensive luxuries coming out,their material desires seem inf
17、inite.Consequently,their rising incomes often cannot satisfy their rising wants.,Reference,Unit 6:Reading comprehension,6.In paragraph 6,the author lists three negative impacts of playing the futile contest of competitive consumption on people.What are they?What statistics and examples does the auth
18、or quote to illustrate these points?,The 3 negative impacts are:1)Frustration is preordained,which is proved by the result of a Newsweek Poll that,despite the booming economy,adults found it more difficult to live the kind of life they want.2)The stress can lead to tragedy,which is illustrated by Ma
19、rk Barton,a day trader who murdered 12 people and then committed suicide when he was disillusioned by stock loss.3)People routinely try to beat the system through get-rich-quick schemes,which is indicated by the popularity of legalized gambling.,Reference,Unit 6:Reading comprehension,7.Because of th
20、ose negative effects of ambition on people,ambition has gotten many enemies.One opinion against ambition tells people to“subdue ambition”and“Search for deeper meaning in family,friends and faith”,because“Money cannot buy happiness.”But does the survey result cited in paragraph 7 support this idea?,N
21、o.The 1998 survey shows a stronger relation between income and happiness than earlier polls,though marriage has a bigger impact than income.,Reference,Unit 6:Reading comprehension,8.In paragraph 8,it is said that Cornell University economist Robert Frank proposes a progressive consumption tax.What i
22、s the purpose of this proposal?,The purpose of this proposal is to punish those extremely ambitious people and protect people against excessive spending on luxuries in pursuit of a feeling of superiority over others.,Reference,Unit 6:Reading comprehension,9.Does the author agree with Robert Franks i
23、dea?What arguments and examples does he use in paragraphs 9 and 10 to support his own point of view?,No.In Paragraph 9,he argues that“Ambition is socially useful.It sustains economic vitality.It prods people to take risks and exert themselves.”As an example in point,he cites the invention of the Int
24、ernet by ambition-driven hardworking people,which has not only brought tremendous economic benefits but also improved the general social attitude.In Paragraph 10,he argues that people“also venerate ambition as opportunity.”For instance,in America everyone has the opportunity to be rich,famous or pow
25、erful if they try hard,so in every walk of life people are ambitious and compete ruthlessly to be outstanding.,Reference,Unit 6:Reading comprehension,10.In the last paragraph,the author comes to the conclusion:“Ambition is bitter as often as sweet;but without it,wed be sunk.”Explain this sentence.Ac
26、cording to this paragraph,why is ambition often bitter?,This sentence means:ambition brings people not only the joy of success but also the pain of failure;but without ambition,we would be certain to fail.Ambition is bitter when people fail to fulfill it.This happens often because people have to bal
27、ance conflicting demands from their own feelings on the one hand and from the actual life on the other.People are especially likely to be disappointed when the American society makes alluring but unrealistic promises to offer everyone success,wealth,fame or power if they work hard,because it simply
28、is not possible for everyone to become successful through determination and hard work alone.,Reference,Ex.II,p.115,1.Introduction(Para.1),2.Body(Paras.210),3.Conclusion(Para.11),Text Outline,Unit 6:Structure of the text,1.Introduction(Para.1),The dual nature of ambition:On the one hand,_;on the othe
29、r hand,_Doubt expressed by many people about ambition:_,Text Outline,Unit 6:Structure of the text,it is a great engine of American creativity,it is also an unrelenting oppressor,which robs us of time and,peace of mind,Ambition has gotten out of hand and is driving us to excesses of,striving and crav
30、ing that are self-destructive.,2.Body(Paras.210),1)Definition of ambition(Paras.23),Text Outline,Unit 6:Structure of the text,2)Negative effects of the most common ambition(Paras.4 6),3)Ambitions enemies and the authors refutation of them(Paras.710),2.Body(Paras.315),Text Outline,Unit 6:Structure of
31、 the text,one-upmanship,a quest for riches,2.Body(Paras.315),Text Outline,Unit 6:Structure of the text,one-upmanship,a quest for riches,Examples:A._.B._.,Al Gore strains to be president.,Americas computer moguls rival to control the nations cyber agenda,2.Body(Paras.315),Text Outline,Unit 6:Structur
32、e of the text,one-upmanship,a quest for riches,Examples:_.D.A more common ambition is _.And money is _.,A wide receiver prances into the end zone and raises his index finger,the search for status symbols,the most common way to satisfy this urge,2.Body(Paras.210),Negative effects of the most common a
33、mbition.(Paras.46),Text Outline,Unit 6:Structure of the text,_._.C._.D._,The contest seems futile,Frustration is preordained,The stress can lead to tragedy,People routinely try to beat the system through get-rich-quick schemes,2.Body(Paras.210),3)Ambitions enemies and the authors refutation of them(
34、Paras.710),Text Outline,Unit 6:Structure of the text,People should _ Because_.2)Cornell University economist Robert Frank urges _ _.,subdue ambition,search for deeper meaning,money cannot buy happiness,we penalize,in family,friends and faith,overambition to shield people from competitive consumption
35、,Text Outline,Unit 6:Structure of the text,3.Conclusion(Para.11),_.,Ambition is bitter as often as sweet;but without it,wed be sunk,Part A,Ex.V,p.117Complete the following sentences with words given below,making sure that each word is used in the right form.,1.The United Nations firmly _ the violent
36、 bomb attack launched by terrorists which killed 23 civilians.,Unit 6:Vocabulary,deplored,2.As more and more people prefer environmentally friendly cars,houses,food,household appliances and tourism,the use of“green”products _ in China like a“greenwave.”,Unit 6:Vocabulary,aristocracy,one-upmanship,su
37、bdue,extravagant,requisite,hereditary,overwhelm,pervade,workaholic,crave,deplore,mania,pervades,3.To spur employee productivity and improve efficiency is not an option but a _for companies committed to growth in the fast-changing new economy.,Unit 6:Vocabulary,aristocracy,one-upmanship,subdue,extrav
38、agant,requisite,hereditary,overwhelm,pervade,workaholic,crave,deplore,mania,requisite,4.Many _ work long hours with little rest,but researchers have found a short afternoon nap at work can significantly improve workers alertness and productivity.,Unit 6:Vocabulary,aristocracy,one-upmanship,subdue,ex
39、travagant,requisite,hereditary,overwhelm,pervade,workaholic,crave,deplore,mania,workaholics,5.Due to the falling percentage of couples getting premarital medical check-ups,the number of _ and infectious diseases among infants is rising.,Unit 6:Vocabulary,hereditary,6.Economizing on water use is the
40、best way to protect water resources,but _use of water is common along the Yangtze as many people hold that the river water is so abundant that they do not need to save water at all.,Unit 6:Vocabulary,extravagant,7.In the times of great changes in the global situation,what people _ for is peace and e
41、conomic prosperity.,Unit 6:Vocabulary,crave,8.Cartoon _ is sweeping the country as bookstores are packed with Japanes and Korean comic books.,Unit 6:Vocabulary,aristocracy,one-upmanship,subdue,extravagant,requisite,hereditary,overwhelm,pervade,workaholic,crave,deplore,mania,mania,9.The systematic an
42、d conscious practice of making ones friends or competitors feel inferior and thereby gaining the status of being“one jump ahead”of them is called_.,Unit 6:Vocabulary,aristocracy,one-upmanship,subdue,extravagant,requisite,hereditary,overwhelm,pervade,workaholic,crave,deplore,mania,one-upmanship,10.Ch
43、ina and the United States cooperate in safeguarding world peace and stability,promoting global economic growth,and dealing with terrorism,transnational crimes and diseases.Their common interests _ their differences.,Unit 6:Vocabulary,Part B,aristocracy,one-upmanship,subdue,extravagant,requisite,here
44、ditary,overwhelm,pervade,workaholic,crave,deplore,mania,overwhelm,1.In response to the _ threat of attack,the country was compelled to institute new security measures for airports and air travel.A.earnest B.elaborate C.unrelenting D.risky,1.In response to the _ threat of attack,the country was compe
45、lled to institute new security measures for airports and air travel.A.earnest B.elaborate C.unrelenting,Part B,Ex.V,p118Choose the word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.,Unit 6:Vocabulary,2.Three medical organizations concluded that doctors should not be required to perf
46、orm life-saving procedures when life support is _ for patients who are irreversibly unconscious.A.nifty B.futile C.costly D.essential,Unit 6:Vocabulary,2.Three medical organizations concluded that doctors should not be required to perform life-saving procedures when life support is _ for patients wh
47、o are irreversibly unconscious.A.nifty B.futile C.costly D.essential,3.According to the latest figures,the housing market will continue to _ but wont collapse amid the gloomy economy.A.flourish B.expand C.crumble D.stagnate,3.According to the latest figures,the housing market will continue to _ but
48、wont collapse amid the gloomy economy.A.flourish B.expand C.crumble D.stagnate,Unit 6:Vocabulary,4.Widespread pollution of the environment by companies may come to an end as a bill has been drafted which proposes to _ any offending firms.A.subsidize B.penalize C.outdo D.oppress,Unit 6:Vocabulary,4.W
49、idespread pollution of the environment by companies may come to an end as a bill has been drafted which proposes to _ any offending firms.A.subsidize B.penalize C.outdo,5.Despite many current threats to peace and order,the Indonesian government is striving to _ national unity and protect its territo
50、rial integrity.A.sustain B.remain C.endure D.adjust,Unit 6:Vocabulary,5.Despite many current threats to peace and order,the Indonesian government is striving to _ national unity and protect its territorial integrity.A.sustain B.remain C.endure D.adjust,6.In ancient China,influential military and rel
