《大学英语专业英译汉.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《大学英语专业英译汉.ppt（42页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、Lecture 8:Translation method III,Translation Skill:transformation of parts of speech(1),homework,Translation appreciation,The adoption of translation method,Translation method Literal translation meaning style Free translation Foreignization foreignness strangeness Domestication Translation criteria
2、:faithfulness and ease,I domination:Foreignization,1.Id rather be a headmaster in a distant uncomfortable town than be a teacher in a nice town.Youd rather reign in hell than serve in heaven,I suppose.我宁愿在条件差的边远小镇当校长，也不愿在条件优越 的城市当个教员。那你是宁做地狱之主，不做天堂之仆了。我宁愿在条件差的边远小镇当校长，也不愿在条件优越的城市当个教员。那你是宁为鸡首勿为牛后了。,Fo
3、reignization+Note,2.Men sent flowers,love notes,offers of fortune,and still her dreams ran riot.The one hundred and fifty!The one hundred and fifty!What a door of an Aladdins care it seems to be.男人送花，送情书，送时运给她。可是她还梦幻般无边。这一百五十块钱!就一百五十块钱!真像藏着神灯似的山洞为阿拉丁打开了门。（注:阿拉丁，一千零一夜中主要角色之一;寻获神灯与魔指环，达到所有愿望的青年）,3.子见南
4、子，子路不说。论语雍也The master went to see Nanzi,and Zilu was not at all happy about.Additional note:Nanzi was the concubine of Duke Ling of Wei who had a rather colorful and unseemly reputation.(Roger Ames&Henry Rosemont,Jr.),II combination of F D,4.“.一则是天缘，二来是情人眼里出西施。”红楼梦Its partly fate,and partly a case o
5、f Beauty is in the eye of the beholder（杨宪益和戴乃迭译）“西施”译为“Xi Shi，那译文读者有几个能够知道西施何许人也?而如果使用归化的方法，在英文里Helen代表美人，古代的中国人谁又能起一个“海伦”这样的洋名呢?将“西施”略去不译，中国传统文化又如何谈起呢。因此，若将此译作“Xi Shi,the Beauty”，则两者均可兼顾了。,transformation of parts of speech（1）,conventionalized usagestructural differences V N adj.adv.n.pronoun,1.Soci
6、alist revolution aims at liberating the productive forces.社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力。2.The wings are responsible for keeping the airplane in the air.机翼的用途是使飞机保持在空中。3.With radar people can see the things beyond the visibility of them.利用雷达，人们能看见自己视线以外的东西。,4.The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body o
7、f a man.太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。5.The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products.采用这种新装置可以大大地降低废品率。6.The normal state for a body is one of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line.物体的自然状态，就是静止状态或作匀速直线运动的状态。,(1):V-N 英语中有些动词，翻译时往往很难用一个与之相对应的汉语动词表示出来，具体作翻译处理时，有
8、时可译成名词。例如：,7.This article aims at discussing new development in component material and techniques.8.In their eye,he personified the absolute power.9.The rudder serves the purpose of yawing the airplane to the right or left.,本文的目的在于讨论元件材料和元件技术的新成就。,他们认为，他就是绝对权威的化身。,方向舵的用途是使飞机能够左右偏转。,人称代词译成名词：英语中的第三人称
9、代词，如果出现在代替的名词之前，通常可译成名词。有时虽然出现在所代替的名词之后，但为了使译文确切明了，仍需转换（有时可省略）。如：,(2):Pronoun-noun,10.Small as they are,atoms are made up of still smaller units known as“subatomic particles”.尽管原子很小，却是由更小的单位组成的，称作“次原子粒子”。11.There is potential energy in a clock spring after it has been wound.钟表的发条上紧之后,便具有了势能。12.Sunli
10、ght is transformed into chemical energy when it falls on the leaves of plants.阳光照在植物的叶子上，就转变成化学能。,(3)：Possessive Pronoun-Noun,英语中的物主代词（第三人称）用得相当广泛，往往是为了避免一句话中同一个词的重复。但在英译汉时，有时重复译出它所代替的名词，才能使句子概念清楚，意思明确，通顺有力。我们经常在重新译出的名词之后加“的”字，因为它在句子里作定语。,13.Radio waves are similar to light waves except that their w
11、ave-length is much greater.14.To sum up its character,then,a metal is a brilliant,opaque,malleable,ductile and fusible mineral.15.Energy can neither be created,nor destroyed although its form can be changed.,无线电波与光波相似,但无线电波的波长要长得多。,把金属的性质总结一下，可以说，金属是一种有光泽、不透明、有延展性的可熔矿物。,能量的形式可以转换，但能量既不能创造，也不能消灭。,介绍(
12、4)：,不定代词及指示代词译成名词：当不定代词one(ones)及指示代词that(those)用来代替句中已出现的某个名词时，一般应重复译出它们所代表的名词。,16.The unit of weight is the gram,that of length is the meter,and that of capacity is the litre.17.It goes without saying that the cutters on the NC machine tools cut as those on general machines have.18.It must be emph
13、asized that in vacuum light bodies will fall as fast as heavy ones.,重量的单位是克，长度的单位是米，容量的单位是升。,当然，数控机床上的刀具像普通机床上的刀具一样切削。,必须强调，在真空中轻物体同重物体坠落得一样快。,介绍(5)：adj.-n.,英语中有些形容词前面加定冠词，使之名词化，应译作名词。如果指人，常在后面加“人”，“者”，“员”等表示身份的词；如果指物，常加“事情”，“事物”，“东西”，“问题”等表示事物属性的词。,20.History develops by the replacement of the old
14、by the new.21.Under given condition,the harmful can be transformed into the beneficial.22.It can be seen that considerable simplification in the above can be achieved.,历史是以新事物代替旧事物而发展的。,在一定条件下，坏事可以变成好事。,可以看出，上述问题还可以达到相当程度的简化。,介绍：名词化的形容词the former和the latter既可以译成“前者”和“后者”，也可重复它们所代表的名词，把former译成先出现的名词
15、，把the latter译成后出现的名词，使译文更加清楚明白。,24.Gases are different from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the latter.25.Both the compounds are acids.The former is strong,the latter weak.,气体与固体不同，气体的压缩性比固体大。,这两种化合物都是酸。前者是强酸,后者是弱酸。,介绍：有些表示事物特性的形容词作表语时，往往可在后面加“性”、“体”、“度”等词，译成名词。,26.Everyd
16、ay experience shows us that heavy objects are more stable than light ones.27.Nylon is nearly twice as strong and much less affected by water than natural silk.28.Air,for instance,is perfectly elastic.,根据日常经验，重的东西比轻的东西稳定性好。,尼龙的强度几乎是天然丝的两倍，还不会像天然丝一样缩水。,例如，空气就是一种特别好的弹性体。,homework,The old gentleman died
17、:his will was read,and like almost every other will,gave as much disappointment as pleasure.He was neither so unjust,nor so ungrateful,as to leave his estate from his nephew;but he left it to him on such terms as destroyed half the value of the bequest.Mr.Dashwood had wished for it more for the sake
18、 of his wife and daughters than for himself or his son;but to his son,and his sons son,a child of four years old,it was secured,in such a way,as to leave to himself no power of providing for those who were most dear to him,and who most needed a provision by any charge on the estate,or by any sale of
19、 its valuable woods.The whole was tied up for the benefit of this child,who,in occasional visits with his father and mother at Norland,had so far gained on the affections of his uncle,by such attractions as are by no means unusual in children of two or three years old;an imperfect articulation,an ea
20、rnest desire of having his own way,many cunning tricks,and a great deal of noise,as to outweigh all the value of all the attention which,for years,he had received from his niece and her daughters.He meant not to be unkind,however,and,as a mark of his affection for the three girls,he left them a thou
21、sand pounds a-piece.,观点介绍译文应有的阅读效果：透明感 好的译文自然流畅，不给读者留下阅读障碍，仿佛文字本身并不存在，直接呈现出故事本身。这就像好的艺术作品具有诱人的魅力一样，观众不会想到作品的制作材质，而直接体会到了作品本身。,米开朗琪罗的大理石雕塑大卫、达芬奇的蒙娜丽莎、凡高的向日葵都有这种特色。,马克思说：大卫是米开朗琪罗从大理石中剥出来的。,Gogh,Vincent Willem van(1853-1890),阅读文学作品或翻译作品时，我们的心理过程一般是借助文字并透过文字看到故事。如果文字不流畅，我们难免有隔着一道障碍的感觉，仿佛有一道讨厌的迷雾挡住眼睛。如果文
22、字流畅自然，与我们的日常语言使用习惯基本相当，我们对文字的感觉就会比较淡，仿佛透过玻璃或透镜看事物，于是有了文字“透明”的感觉，仿佛直接进入故事中了。这正是写作或翻译应该追求的主流文字效果。,听一段文字举例。,听了这段故事，相信大家根本没注意到用过什么文字，只得到了故事的内容，体会到了故事中幽默的成分。,President George W.Bush is visiting an elementary school today and he visits one of the 4th grade classes.They are in the middle of a discussion re
23、lated to words and their meanings.,这天，乔治W布什总统视察一座小学，参观四年级的一个班。这个班正在讨论单词及其含义。,评论：用一般现在时描绘过去发生的事情，有历历在目的效果。翻译时需增加词语，表现这种情况。,The teacher asks the President if he would like to lead the class in the discussion of the word,“tragedy”.So the President asks the class for an example of a“tragedy”.教师请布什引导学生们讨
24、论“悲剧”这个词。于是总统请学生们举出一个“悲剧”的例子。,One little boy stands up and offers,“If my best friend,who lives next door,is playing in the street and a car comes along and runs him over,that would be a tragedy.”“No,”says Bush,“that would be an accident.”一个小男孩站起来说：“假如隔壁我那个最要好的朋友在街上玩耍时，让一辆汽车撞死了，那就是一场悲剧。”“不对，”布什说，“那算是
25、一个事故。”,A little girl raises her hand:“If a school bus carrying 50 children drove off a cliff,killing everyone involved,that would be a tragedy.”“Im afraid not,”explains the President.“Thats what we would call a GREAT LOSS.”,一个小女孩举手说：“如果一辆校车载着五十个孩子跌下悬崖，车上无人生还，那可是一场悲剧。”“恐怕不是，”布什解释说，“我们把这种情况称作重大损失。”,Th
26、e room goes silent.No other children volunteer.President Bush searches the room.“Isnt there someone here who can give me an example of a tragedy?”,教室里一时鸦雀无声，不再有孩子自告奋勇。布什总统扫视着教室：“难道没人能给我举个悲剧的例子啦？”,Finally,way in the back of the room,a boy named Johnny raises his hand.In a quiet voice he says,“If Air
27、Force One,carrying you and Mrs.Bush,was struck by a missile and blown up to smithereens,that would be a tragedy.”,最后，坐在教室后面一个名叫约翰尼的男孩举起了手。他的语气平静，说：“倘若你和布什夫人坐在空军一号里让导弹击中，炸成碎片，那就是一场悲剧。”,“Correct,”exclaims Bush,“thats right.And can you tell me WHY that would be a tragedy?”,“正确，”布什高声说道，“说对了。你能告诉我那为什么是一场
28、悲剧吗？”,“Well,”little Johnny said,“because like you just told us,it wouldnt be an accident,and it sure as well wouldnt be a great loss.”,“嗯，”小约翰尼说道，“因为，就像你刚才告诉过我们的，那不是事故，而且肯定不是重大损失。”,评论：注意代词译法和双关语的重复效果。,这天，乔治W布什总统视察一座小学，参观四年级的一个班。这个班正在讨论单词及其含义。教师请布什引导学生们讨论“悲剧”这个词。于是总统请学生们举出一个“悲剧”的例子。一个小男孩站起来说：“假如隔壁我那个
29、最要好的朋友在街上玩耍时，让一辆汽车撞死了，那就是一场悲剧。”“不对，”布什说，“那算是一个事故。”一个小女孩举手说：“如果一辆校车载着五十个孩子跌下悬崖，车上无人生还，那可是一场悲剧。”“恐怕不是，”布什解释说，“我们把这种情况称作重大损失。”教室里一时鸦鹊无声，不再有自告奋勇的孩子。布什总统扫视着教室：“难道没人能给我举个悲剧的例子啦？”最后，坐在教室后面一个名叫约翰尼的男孩举起了手。他的语气平静，说：“倘若你和布什夫人坐在空军一号里让导弹击中，炸成碎片，那就是一场悲剧。”“正确，”布什高声说道，“说对了。你能告诉我那为什么是一场悲剧吗？”“嗯，”小约翰尼说道，“因为，就像你刚才告诉过我们的，那不是事故，而且肯定不是重大损失。”,天冷了，别忘记多穿件衣服哦。,
