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1、定语从句的译法,限制性定语从句的译法,用“的”结构译成定语译成并列分句译成状语从句与主句合译成一个句子译成汉语中的复合宾语,具体翻译方法,分译法合译法,用“的”结构译成定语,将英语的定语从句翻译成汉语的定语词组，用来代替原文中的定语从句时。此用法常用在翻译简短的定语从句时。,例：,I was the only person in my office who was invited.我是办公室唯一被邀请的人。Show interest in the company and the position you are applying for.对公司和你所申请的那个职位要表现出兴趣。,The ear
2、ly lessons I learned about overcoming abstacles also gave me the confidence to chart my own course.我早年学到的克服重重障碍的经验教训也给了我规划自己人生旅程的信心。,Do we really want to live in a world where no one grows old and few children are born because the planet can hold only so many people?我们真的愿意生活在一个没有人会衰老且由于地球只能容纳这么多人因而没
3、有多少孩子出生的世界上吗？,译成并列分句,一般采用分译法，即将主句和从句分开翻译的，把英语原文中的定语从句和主句译成两个并列分句。方法有两种：1.在译文中省略英语的先行词；2.在译文中重复英语的先行词。,省略先行词,She is a movie star who is going into business now.她是个影星，目前在经商。A little way on she saw a great door which,for some reason,attracted her attention.又走了一些路，她看见一扇大门，不知怎地，这引起了她的注意。,重复先行词,Hes writte
4、n a book whose name Ive completely forgotten.他写了一本书，但书名我完全忘了。A writer-in fact every one of us in life-needs that loving-mother force from which all creation flows.一个作家-实际上生活中的每个人-都需要慈母的力量，它是创造一切的源泉。,译成状语从句,英语中有些定语从句兼有状语的功能，在意义上与主句是状语关系，因此可以把原文中的定语从句译成状语从句。,例：,She also said I was fun,bright and could
5、 do anything I put my mind to.她还说我风趣，聪明，只要用心什么事情都能做成。He insisted on buyinng another car which he had no use for.他坚持再买一辆车，尽管他并无此需要。,与主句合译成一个句子,采用合译法将英语原文中的主语和定语从句融合在一起译成一个句子，把定语从句中的谓语译成主句中的谓语。英语中的There be结构汉译时常采用这种方法处理。,例：,There are many people who want to see the film.许多人想看这部电影。I need someone who ca
6、n teach me how to ride a bike.我需要一个人来教我骑自行车。,把定语从句译成汉语中的复合宾语,当英语中的谓语动词是表示“感观”或“心理活动”等意义时，修饰宾语的定语从句多译为汉语中的复合宾语。,例：,He did not find any one in the house who particularly cared to know.他没有发现家里哪个人特别想知道。,非限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句主要是采用分译法和合译法，常被译成并列分句、独立句和状语从句，偶尔可译为定语词组。,译成并列分句,With the pay that he received and s
7、aved,he went on with his studies at university,where he received a doctors degree in 1905.他用挣来的工资和积存的钱继续去读大学，并于1905年获得博士学位。,Yesterday I saw a very funny film,which was recommended by Jack.昨天我去看了一部很搞笑的电影，是杰克推荐的。,I told the humorous story to Mary,who told it to Jack.我把这幽默故事告诉了玛丽，玛丽又告诉了杰克。We will put o
8、ff the outing until next week,when we wont be so busy.我们把郊游推迟到下星期，那时我们就不会这么忙了。,把关系代词which译成汉语人称代词或指示代词,We have seen many chemical changes,from which physical changes are quite different.我们见过许多化学变化，它们与物理变化截然不同。He missed the last bus,which annoyed him very much.他未赶上末班车，这使他很恼火。,用合译法译成连动式,英语中主句和从句的动词不同时
9、，可以把两个动词连起来翻译，这样句子前后的意思就显得更连贯。,例：,He took a bottle of wine out of his pocket,which he began to drink slowly.他从口袋里掏出一瓶酒慢慢地喝了起来。They will send their son to Britain,where he will receive better education.他们要把儿子送到英国去接受更好的教育。,译成状语从句,可以把非限制性定语从句译成状语从句，表示条件、结果、原因和目的。,例：,Men became desperate for work,any wo
10、rk,which will help htem to keep alive their families.人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。Chaplin,whose mother was ill for many years,had to dance in streets to earn money.由于母亲病了好多年，卓别林不得不到街头表演赚钱。,译成“的”结构,He liked his sister,who was warm and pleasant,but he did not like his brother,who was aloof and ar
11、rogant.他喜欢热情可爱的妹妹，不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。The emphasis was helped by the speakers mouth,which was wide,thin and hard-set.演讲者那又阔又薄又紧绷绷的嘴巴帮助他加强了语气。,翻译练习,Pete Richard and a girl whose name he had yet to hear,walked out into the beginning of the great day that brings hope into the world for us.,皮特理查德和一个不知姓名的姑娘走进了新的一
12、天，这一天为我们的生活带来了希望。,（定语词组，并列句）,The first thing some babysitters do is checking the medicine cabinet.,一些保姆做的第一件事就是检查药品柜。,（定语词组）,Even for someone who just wants to be a stay-at-home mom,calculations are needed to keep a household.,即使对某个想成为全职主妇的人来说，持家也需要进行计算。,（定语词组）,Smart cards,which can carry as much as
13、 80 times more information on them than conventional cards with a magnetic stripe,are already widely used in European countries where centralized banks can roll out new services on a nationwide basis.,智能卡能携有相当于普通磁条卡的80倍之多的信息量，已经在欧洲各国广泛使用，因而使欧洲各国的中央银行得以在全国范围推出新的服务项目。,（合译法，合并成一个句子）,A cat,whose eyes ca
14、n take in more rays of light than our eyes,can see clearly in the night.,由于猫眼能吸收比我们肉眼更多的光线,所以猫在黑夜里能看得很清楚。,（译成状语从句，表原因）,Pursuing higher learning,beginning a career,and making history in my family are things I hope to gain from my college education.,追求更深远的知识，开始职业生涯，在我家中创造历史，这些就是我希望从大学里获得的东西。,（的结构，译成定语
15、词组）,President Kennedy wanted people who raised questions,who criticized,on whose judgment he could rely,who presented an intelligent point of view,regardless of their rank or viewpoint.,肯尼迪总统需要人民提出问题和进行批评，因为人民提出了明智的看法，他可以信赖人民的判断，而不问他们的级别和观点。,（连动式，状语从句表原因，调整语序）,The parties reached an agreement by an
16、offer made on one side which is accepted on the other.,双方根据一方提出的另一方可接受的报价达成了协议。,（的结构，译成定语词组）,Thirdly,tariffs and other artificial obstacles,which occur in foreign trade,are largely absent in domestic trade.,第三，国际贸易中产生的关税和其他人为障碍在国内贸易中大部分都不存在。,（的结构，译成定语词组）,I have two reports which I must write today.,
17、我有两份报告要写，今天必须写。,（并列分句）,Ms.King,whose legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.,由于腿严重受伤，金女士很快被送去了医院。,（译成原因状语）,An old gardener who was dying sent for his two sons to come to his bedside,as he wished to speak to them.,一位临死的老花匠派人把他两个儿子叫到床边，因为他有话想对他们说。,（的结构，译成定语词组）,The Spanish soldiers,who conq
18、uered Mexico in the early 1500s,took tomato plants to Spain.,十六世纪初占领了墨西哥的西班牙士兵把西红柿带回了西班牙。,（的结构，译成定语词组）,There is no bad habit that may not be cured by a strong willpower.,坚强的意志能够纠正坏习惯。,（合译成一个句子，调整语序）,Victory comes only to those who work long and hard,who are willing to pay the price in blood,sweat,and tears.,胜利只属于那些长期努力，愿意付出血汗和泪水的人。,（的结构，译成定语词组）,
