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1、翻译中的15类低级错误,主讲：郭宝霞Trainer:Becky Guo,课程导入,What is your idea on“Stupid Mistakes”we called?The“stupid mistakes”in translation have nothing to do with the translation skills/capabilities or language foundation.It is a matter of carefulness or caused by the gap of simple knowledge.为什么要专题学习这个课程？Why we sho
2、uld learn this course?一个译员必须具备的基本素质。-the basic quality that a qualified translator must have低级错误直接影响译文的专业度，细节决定成败。-Professionalism 低级错误是客户最不能容忍的错误。-the ones that the client cannot stand更严重的话，会直接给客户带来经济或其它纠纷。-Result in legal disputes您所知道的低级错误有那些？-Make a list of the“stupid mistakes”you know.如何彻底攻破这些低级
3、错误？How to conquer?,How,Page 2,Page 3,CONQUERING.,It is a piece of cake to conquer these mistakes if you behave positively!,Page 4,UNBELIEVEABLE?,Is it unbelieveble to have so many stupid mistakes?,Page 5,目录 Contents,15类经典低级错误,10、序号错误,自撰术语,用词不统一,粗体的用法,缩写的用法,斜体的用法,Page 6,1、拼写错误,双击添加标题文字,文书会计档案阅览室 Admi
4、nistrative and Accounting Achieves Reading Room“Achives”should be“archives.,单词本身的拼写错误,误写另外一个与本单词类似的单词,完成译文后，点工具，拼写检查 有拼写错误，系统会提示，按照提示操作,误写另外一个与本单词类似的单词,内容,EXCEL中确保手工拼写检查,Page 7,Page 8,第三人称单数或复数1)甲方和乙方已签署了公务用车包用合同。Party A and Party B has signed the Chartered Vehicle Contract for Business Transportati
5、on(the Original Contract).明显的动词和名词混用，属于笔误（非技术原因）1)他现为茂名石化公司乙烯事业部全密度聚乙烯装置内操。He currently services as the all-density polyethylene board operator of ethylene division at MPC.2)This report shall be submited to GM for approve.,2、低级语法错误,serves,approval,have,Page 9,漏译通常发生在漏掉句末部分内容。1）.无法正确识别相关活动过程（见附件2）。As
6、 a result,it was impossible to correctly identify relevant activity process.漏译部分：结尾(See Attachment 2).2）谢谢大家的聆听。下面请允许我邀请中国石油化工股份有限公司董事长XXX先生主持今天的仪式，大家欢迎！Thank you for listening.Now please allow me to invite XXX,Chairman of China Petroleum,3、内容漏译,Page 10,目录 Contents,15类经典低级错误,10、序号错误,自撰术语,用词不统一,粗体的用法
7、,缩写的用法,斜体的用法,Page 11,4、日期错误,1）要求在六周内完成综合评价。It is required to complete the comprehensive assessment prior to Saturday and generate assessment reports.2）1#雨排的清洗于12月中旬完成。The cleaning for 1#rainwater drainage tank will be completed during mid-late of November.,2010年3月底前 before March 2010,1、介词on:在具体的某一天或
8、一个时间点 On March 3rd,20092、介词in:在某个月份,in January 3、介词 From,Since:表示自时候开始4、介词 before/by：在某一个日期之前,Page 12,1）2010年01月人员到位 to be in place on January,20102）2009年3月8日 In March 8th,2009 3)2010年内控计划 2010 internal control plans 2010年6月开始对业务流程进行内部审计，In June,2010,the internal audit on business process will be ca
9、rried out.4)已于12月2日完成招投标。ITB activity has been completed on December 2nd,2009.5）我们抽查了2009年8月、9月份生产物料统计报告We sampled Production Materials Statistical Reports in August and September,2009.,4、日期错误-介词混用,On March 8th,2009,in January,From June 2010,by December 2nd,2009,For August and September,2009,Page 13
10、,5、数字错误,费用增加人民币壹仟零玖拾壹万柒仟陆佰陆拾陆元整（10,917,606元）。具体如下：The cost is increased by RMB10,968,196(SAY RMB TEN MILLION NINE HUNDRED AND SEVETEEN THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED AND SIX YUAN ONLY)with details as below:,点和逗号的运用,中英文转换错误,照抄抄错,2.8万 130,000 829.34万 450万 4600万 7 亿 7.13亿 426,000 5.9 亿 8,239,500,28,000 13万 8,293
11、,400 4.5 million 46 million 0.7 billion/700 million 713 million 426000/42.6万 590million 8,239,500/823.95万,Page 14,6.金额用法,双击添加标题文字,金额（万元）Amount(10K)With turnover of over S$28million a year每年营业额超过两千八百万美元 2800万新币,金额中单位（人民币或美元），不能漏掉,双击添加标题文字,2.58万元 RMB25,800 13万美元$130,000 USD,金额中注意单位的放置和中英文数字的转换,双击添加标题文
12、字,中文：人民币+中文大写（349089元）英文：RMB349,089（SAY RMB.ONLY)人民币叁佰陆拾壹万肆仟陆佰陆拾玖元整（3,614,669元）RMB3,614,669(SAY RMB THREE MILLION SIX HUNDRED AND FOURTEEN THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED AND SIXTY NINE YUAN ONLY),金额中大写和小写的表示,6.金额用法-巩固练习,金额单位和数字转换练习举例(中英）：2.58万元 RMB25,800 1、14.5万美元 2、2829.34万元 3、450万英镑 4、685.4万元 5、9亿 元,举例(英中）R
13、MB194,60019.46万元6.$175,000 USD 7.RMB285,600 8.RMB 9 million 9.RMB46 million 10.RMB 513 million,Page 15,6.金额用法-巩固练习答案,金额单位和数字转换练习举例(中英）：2.58万元 RMB25,800 1、14.5万美元$145,000 USD2、2829.34万元 RMB28,293,4003、450万英镑 4.5 million Pounds4、685.4万元 RMB6.854milion or RMB6,854,000 5、9亿 元 RMB 0.9 billion or 900 mill
14、ion,举例(英中）RMB194,60019.46万元6.$175,000 USD 17.5万美元7.RMB285,600 28.56万元8.RMB 9 million 900万元 9.RMB46 million 4600万元 10.RMB 513 million 5.13亿 元,Page 16,金额相关的综合练习（Homework),公司向全国第六届农运会捐款150万元FERP donated RMB1.5 million for the Sixth National Games of Peasants.公司向后墘村饮水项目工程45万元FREP donated RMB450,000 for
15、drinking water project in Houqian Village.人民币壹拾叁万捌仟元整(138,000.00元)RMB138,000.00(SAY RMB ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY EIGHT THOUSAND YUAN ONLY),Page 17,Page 18,目录 Contents,15类经典低级错误,10、序号错误,自撰术语,用词不统一,粗体的用法,缩写的用法,斜体的用法,Page 19,7、计量单位,与“吨”相关的计量单位，理解其内涵30吨的锅炉 30 tons boiler 30吨的锅炉 30 t/h boiler 10万吨的码头100000
16、 tons terminal10万吨的码头100,000 DWT terminal 25万吨的炼油厂 Refinery with a capacity of 250 thousand tons 25万吨的炼油厂 250KTPA Refinery/Refinery with the capacity of 250kt/a,Page 20,7、计量单位-巩固练习,青兰山30万吨级原油码头QLS 300,000 DWT Crude Oil Terminal 80万吨/年聚乙烯装置(Polyethylene Unit)800 KTPA Polyethylene Unit(PE)40万吨/年聚丙烯装置(
17、Polypropylene Unit)400 KTPA Polypropylene Unit(PP)10吨级原油码头10 DWT Crude Oil Terminal 210万吨/年加氢裂化装置(Hydrocracking Unit)2,100 KTPA Hydrocracking Unit(HCU),Page 21,8、自撰术语,本刊记者 journalist of the current publication Staff Reporter电动执行机构培训 Motor Execution Institute Training Electric Actuator Training 3套焊机T
18、hree welders Three welding machines 水电出力Water powered output Hydropower Output火电机组 Fire powered Unit Coal-fired/Fossil-fired Unit,Page 22,9、用词不统一,双击添加标题文字,译员翻译稿件的时候，术语用的随意，未前后统一，给校对带来麻烦。,不浏览客户给出的术语表，依旧用自己以前的词汇，态度不好。公司名称、人名或技术术语未能与术语表统一,一味地做自己的译文，不看翻译稿件上下文的背景内容，导致译文的稿件某些术语与整个文章不一致。,用词不统一,上下文,术语表,给出的译
19、文,看看下面翻译中那个词语不统一？,非标产品存在较大的质量风险，可能导致质量索赔等法律纠纷。非标产品出厂前，与用户签订质量协议可以有效地避免相关法律风险，维护公司利益及品牌形象。Non-standard products will be exposed to quality risks and may result in legal disputes such as quality claims.Before the delivery of non-standardardized products,the signing of quality agreement with the users
20、helps to effectively avoid relevant legal risks and safeguard the interests of the Company and the brand image.No-standard Non-standardized,Page 23,继续看看下面翻译中那个词语不统一？,1、waste oil 没有与Slop oil统一。2、水带 water band没有与water hose统一。,Page 24,Page 25,目录 Contents,15类经典低级错误,10、序号错误,自撰术语,用词不统一,粗体的用法,缩写的用法,斜体的用法,1
21、0、序号错误-实例,二、变更对合同金额的影响：,II.Impact of Change to the Contract Price:,1、本补充协议正本2份，副本3份。,1.The Supplemental Agreement,序号实例：,2、该员工本身左手的掌骨可能较脆、易断裂。,2.The metacarpal bone of the employees left hand may be fragile and prone to fracture.,一、值班主任签字,I.Signed by the shift leader,（1）事 故 类 别,(1)Incident Category,（
22、2）未进行整改反馈,(2)No rectification feedback is available.,Page 26,Page 27,序号 的转换 中文：一、二、三、四、五、六、英文：I.II.III.IV.V.VI.序号中标点符号 的转换 中文：1、2、3、4、5、6、英文：1.2.3.4.5.6.序号中标点符号 的转换 中文：（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）英文：(1)(2)(3)(4)(5),10、序号错误,Page 28,目录 Contents,15类经典低级错误,10、序号错误,自撰术语,用词不统一,粗体的用法,缩写的用法,斜体的用法,Page 29,句子开头的单词首字母(The
23、tree is in front of my house)星期(Monday)、月份(January)语言(English,French)宗教术语(Buddhism)历史年代(Middle Ages)国籍、种族(China,America,Han)专有地名、特指(Great Wall)罗马字母(I,II,)节假日(Spring Festival)名字（Guo Baoxia,Jack Liu)厂家和产品的品牌名字(Dell),11、大写-单词的首字母大写(1),Page 30,11、大写-单词的首字母大写（2）-高频错误,短语的首字母大写（尤其是表格或EXCEL中）,1,Page 31,表格中的
24、大写,EXCEL表格或 word 表格中，表的题头首字母大写。表中若是短语或词组形式，首字母大写。,Page 32,11、大写-单词的首字母大写（2）-高频错误,2,Page 33,标题中首字母大写-举例,注意大标题或小标题（词组）首字母大写,Page 33,Page 34,11、大写-单词的首字母大写（2）-高频错误,标准、规范、通知等名称（中文用书名号）,3,3,Page 35,标准、规范、通知等名称首字母大写,1.固体产品质量管理规定()A.Solid product quality management process B.Solid Product Quality Managemen
25、t Process C.Solid Product Quality Management Process D.Solid Product Quality Management Process 2.财务及管理监控框架 第一部分 监控原则()A.Fianancial and Management Controls Framework Part I Controls Principles B.Part I Fianancial and Management Controls Framework Controls PrinciplesC.Fianancial and Management Contro
26、ls FrameworkPart I Controls PrinciplesD.Part I Fianancial and Management Controls Framework Controls Principles,Page 36,11、大写-单词的首字母大写（2）-高频错误,4,中文中引号里面的短语需大写,确立了“立足上海、走向世界”的经营方针Operational Principle Based in Shanghai and Step to the World 1993年9月全面建成投产，先后获得了“全国五一劳动奖状”、“全国精神文明创建工作先进单位”、“全国设备管理先进单位”、
27、“国家高新技术研究发展计划CIMS应用工程示范企业”、“中石化安全环保先进单位”等荣誉称号。After being put into full operation in September 1993,it was successively awarded honors like“National May Day Labor Merit Certificate”,“National Advanced Unit in Advanced Culture and Ethics”,“National Advanced Unit in Equipment Management”,“Model Enterp
28、rise in CIMS Application Project under National High-tech R&D Plan”and“Sinopec Advanced Unit in Safety and Environmental Protection”.,Page 37,Page 38,字母大写需注意的四点,文章的标题和段落的小标题中除了首字母大写之外，还需加粗表示。,学科和学派名称不大写，除非刚好是碰到语言名称，如：history,geography and English；Newton made important contributions to physics and ma
29、thematics.,表示季节如：春天、夏天spring,summer不大写,某一标准、规范名称或其它的表示强调，除大写外，通常采用斜体表示（参见后文）,Page 39,11、大写 每个字母大写,1、缩写中每个字母大写如：VOA=Voice of America 美国之音 IBM2、表示时间：6：40 A.M.(a.m.也可以）3、有时候文章的标题部分会出现所有的字母大写,Page 40,11、每个字母大写（续）,双击添加标题文字,正式用法中,表示强调,中文：人民币贰拾叁万伍仟玖佰零捌（235908元)英文：RMB235,908(SAY RMB TWO MILLION THIRTY FIVE
30、THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED AND EIGHT YUAN ONLY),脚手架搭建、修改、拆除期间均应挂红色的“禁止使 用”标识牌。The red tag“DO NOT USE SCAFFOLD”shall be always in place during setup.,Page 41,字母大写的举例,每个字母大写：SCAFF-TAG（缩写）标题中HONE首字母大写：表格中Reinspector;短语中Availaiblity Only.;小标题中Safety,Page 42,12、加粗的四种用法,章节的标题,加粗的使用,图表、表格的标题,表示强调，用以替换斜体的用法,四大用法
31、,Page 43,下列加粗属于哪种类型？,加粗类别：引出新的术语（在合同定义中通常出现）,Page 44,下列加粗属于哪种类型？,加粗：图表中无论是大标题或是里面的小标题加粗,Page 45,下列加粗属于哪种类型？,大标题大写（有时候所有字母都大写）小标题大写,Page 46,斜体表示，如：Like these最常见的用于表示强调或对比Lemmings（旅鼠）have,not two,but three kinds of sex chromosome(染色体）.替换中文的书名号，表示作品、电影、书籍、标准、规范、信函、证书的名称等。国际贸易术语解释通则International Chamber
32、 of Commerce中华人民共和国招标投标法The Bidding Law of the Peoples Republic of China中标通知书TheNotificationofAward,13、斜体的用法,Page 47,大写、加粗和斜体归纳,表示最常用,表示次常用,Page 48,大写、加粗、斜体的 巩固练习-Homework,1、公司举行“中秋博饼”活动“Moon-cake Gambling at Mid-Autumn Festival”held by FREP 2、800万吨常减压装置8,000 KTPA Atmosphere/Vacuum Distillation Unit
33、3.In 1921,Dr.Sun Yat-sen,a pioneer of the democratic revolution proposed“Industrial Plan”in Nation-building Strategy for developing Meizhou Bay.1921年，伟大的革命先行者孙中山先生在建国方略中，提出开发湄洲湾的“实业计划”。4、设备防腐蚀及监测管理规定(FREP-02-M-027-2009)Equipment Corrosion Prevention and Monitoring Process(FREP-02-M-027-2009)5、“年”系指1
34、2个公历月。“Year”,means 12 calendar months.6、“中国”系指中华人民共和国。“China or PRC”means the Peoples Republic of China.,Page 49,14、缩写的用法,1、不确定是否正确，尽量不使用缩写。2、在技术文章或合同中可以直接用缩写的形式代替某一名词，让行文简洁。如：聚乙烯装置PE Unit 聚丙烯装置PP Unit3、缩写注意标点符号正确使用举例：department=Dept.Company Limited=Co.,Ltd.有许多东西要买：茶叶、糖、面包等。There are lots of things
35、to buy tea,sugar,bread,and etc.There are lots of things to buy tea,sugar,bread,etc.,举例相关的缩写剖析,Page 50,Page 51,是不是还不过瘾，让我们继续体验更高难度的形式，挑战极限,Page 52,参考译文,He knows four languages,such as Chinese,English,Japanese and German.He knows four languages,namely,Chinese,English,Japanese and German.Writing instru
36、ctors focus on a number of complex skills that require extensive practice(e.g.organization,clear expression,logical thinking,etc.)Writing instructors focus on a number of complex skills that require extensive practice(e.g.,organization,clear expression,and logical thinking.),Page 53,15、标点符号,您知道新手翻译中
37、，超级普遍、低级的标点符合错误是哪几种么？,Page 54,15、标点符号三大高频错误,照搬原文的标点，尤其是分号、顿号、书名号等的转换,Page 55,什么是一逗到底？,要充分重视自然科学理论包括现代数学、高能物理、分子生物学等基础理论的研究，忽视这一点就不能掌握和运用世界上先进的科学技术成果，不能很好地解决我国建设中遇到的问题。Great attention should be paid to the theories of natural science which include mathematics,high-energy physics,molecular biology and
38、 other fundamental theory study,and if we are blind to this,it will be impossible for us to master and make use of the advanced world science and technology and properly solve important problems in our construction.,1.中文句子有什么特点？短句多，动词开头无主语，全部逗号连接，一气呵成，到句尾一个句号。2.翻译的时候如何处理该类型的句子呢？跳出原文标点中逗号的束缚，切忌一逗到底。合
39、理拆中文句子，写成符合英文思维的若干个句子。正确分析散句子间的逻辑关系，学会处理动宾结构的翻译。,Page 56,参考译文,要充分重视自然科学理论包括现代数学、高能物理、分子生物学等基础理论的研究，忽视这一点就不能掌握和运用世界上先进的科学技术成果，不能很好地解决我国建设中遇到的问题。Close(full)attention should be paid to the theories of natural science which includes(或者用including)mathematics,high-energy physics,molecular biology and othe
40、r fundamental theory study.If we are blind to this,it will be impossible for us to master and make use of the advanced world science and technology and properly solve important problems in our construction.(修改版）Full attention must be paid to theoretical research in the natural sciences,including suc
41、h basic subjects as modern mathematics,high energy physics and molecular biology.Negligence in this respect will make it impossible for us to master and apply the results of advanced world science and technology and properly solve important problems in our construction.(参考版）,Page 57,15、标点符号三大高频错误,双击
42、添加标题文字,一逗到底,2,3,逗号连接两个独立的句子,1,照搬原文的标点，尤其是分号、顿号、书名号等的转换,2,Page 58,照搬标点的情况有哪几种呢？1.书名号,本招标文件的编制依据是中华人民共和国招标投标法和中华人民共和国商务部令2004年第13号机电产品国际招标投标实施办法。The bidding document is compiled based on The Bidding Law ofthe Peoples Republic ofChina and The Measures for the Implementation of International Competitive
43、 Bidding of Mechanical and Electrical ProductsDecree No.13 2004 issued by the Ministry of Commerce,PRC.The bidding document is compiled based on The Bidding Law ofthe Peoples Republic ofChina and The Measures for the Implementation of International Competitive Bidding of Mechanical and Electrical Pr
44、oducts Decree No.13 2004 issued by the Ministry of Commerce,PRC.,2、顿号和逗号照搬,The contract is valued at$2.5 million and includes design,engineering,commissioning,testing and maintenance services.该合同包括设计，工程，调试，试验以及维护服务，合同总金额为250万美元。该合同包括设计、工程、调试、试验以及维护服务，合同总金额为250万美元。他将常驻上海担任高级主管的职位，负责包括中国大陆、香港、澳门及台湾的全盘
45、业务。He will be based in Shanghai and serve as the senior leader for the overall business in mainland China、Hong Kong、Macao and Taiwan.He will be based in Shanghai and serve as the senior leader for the overall business in mainland China,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan.,Page 59,3、分号照搬-举例（1）,二、常用贸易方式：一般贸易；来
46、料加工；进料加工；保税货物；临时进出口；修理物品；无代价抵偿货物减免税货物；其他。II.Common trade methods:general trade;processing materials supplied by clients;processing with imported materials;bonded goods;temporary import and export;repaired items;no-cost offset goods,tax exempted goods;others.Common trade methods:general trade,process
47、ing materials supplied by clients,processing with imported materials,bonded goods,temporary import and export,repaired items,no-cost offset goods,tax exempted goods and others.,Page 60,不正确的使用分号，会让读者很累，很累,Page 61,3、分号照搬-举例（2）,公司一方面密切关注事态发展，积极开展后备人才的选拔和培养；另外，亦在中电集团人事部的指导下，开展各核心岗位的“接班人”计划。The company p
48、aid close attention to situation development while actively selecting and training reserve talents;in addition,the company carried out“successor”plan for each key position under guidance of the personnel department of CLP.The company paid close attention to situation development while actively selec
49、ting and training reserve talents.In addition,the company carried out“successor”plan for each key position under guidance of the personnel department of CLP.,Page 62,分号用法补充,分号用法：连接两个独立完整的句子成一个句子，前提条件是：两个句子紧密相关 两个句子之间无需and,or,but等连词It was the best of times;it was the worst of times.What impressed me
50、most could be summarized in two points:one is global production organization mode;the other is storage management of spare parts in full spectrum.What impressed me most could be summarized in two points:one is global production organization mode，and the other is storage management of spare parts in
