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1、专题一 名词,考试要求：1 区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词用法。2 掌握不可数名词及其量的表达方式。3 熟练运用名词复数规则、不规则变化。4 熟练掌握名词所有格的用法。,专有名词(人名、地名),普通名词,个体名词pen，doctor,集体名词family、people,物质名词coal、water,抽象名词work、news,不可数名词,可数名词,名词,单复,专有名词(Proper Nouns):表示具体的人,事物,地点,团体或机构的专有名称。,、表示某一特定的人、月份、周、日、节日、地名、团体、机构、组织等。、表示独一无二的事物。、前面一般不加冠词。、首字母要大写。,表示日子的专有名词,表示
2、地名的专有名词,December 十二月Spring Festival 春节Teachers Day 教师节,Asia 亚洲China 中国Beijing 北京,表示人的专有名词,表示机构的专有名词,Yao Ming 姚明Newton 牛顿Beckham 贝克汉姆,the United Nations 联合国Tsinghua University 清华大学,一）可数名词单数的表达:一般可用a，an，one来修饰注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前*a useful book*an English book,名词的数,flower,flowers,找规律,总结规则,wat
3、ch,es,factory-factories,leaf-leaves,box,es,NOUN.,二）可数名词复数的规则变法：,1.一般情况下在词尾加s.,词尾读音 shop-shops(商店)在清辅音后读 s bag-bags(书包)在浊辅音后读 z window-windows(窗户)在元音后读 z,2.以 s,x,sh,ch 结尾的单词在词尾加 esclass-classes(班级)词尾读音 iz box-boxes(盒子)match-matches(比赛)brush-brushes(刷子),3.以“辅音+y”结尾的词，变y为 i 加es.story-stories(故事)词尾读音 iz
4、,4.以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，在词尾直接加 s,key-keys 词尾读音 z monkey-monkeys,5.以“o”结尾的名词，复数一般在词尾加“s”,但个别加“es”tomato-tomatoes(西红柿)词尾读音 z potato-potatoes(土豆)zoo-zoos(动物园)photo-photos(照片)*（以“o”结尾，复数加“es”）口诀：黑人(negro)英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato)和土豆(potato),6.以 f或 fe 结尾的词，多数变f或 fe 为 ves.leaf-leaves(树叶)词尾读音 vz knife-knives(小刀)*（以f或
5、fe结尾的单词，需把f或fe 变ves的单词）口诀：妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己（self）命，半(half)片树叶（leaf）遮目光,注：有些以f 结尾的名词变为复数时后面直接加s.海湾边，屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。gulf海湾 roof屋顶 chief 首领 serf农奴 belief 信仰 proof 证据 handkerchiefs/handkerchieves 手帕,7.不规则名词复数的变化,man-men(男人)woman-women(女人)tooth-teeth(牙齿)
6、foot-feet(脚)goose-geese(鹅)child-children(儿童)mouse-mice(老鼠)louse-lice（虱子）Fish deer sheep*（不规则名词变复数）口诀：男人，女人a变e；鹅，足，牙oo变ee；虱子老鼠也好记，ous变ic；孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。,8.单复数相同的情况：,sheep;deer;fish;works;Chinese;Japanese以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。Eg:yuan,jiao,fen,jin,mu,只有复数形式的情况：,trousers,glasses,shoes,gloves a pair of,
7、9.以an结尾或其他表示民族、国家的人 的名词变复数时在词尾加s。如：Australians，Italians，Germans等。注：中（Chinese）日（Japanese）不变英（Englishman-Englishmen）法(Frenchman-Frenchmen)变，其余s加后面,10.复合名词的复数形式：,1.词末+-s:apple trees/boy students/girl players 2.主体名词变为复数形式：editors-in-chief3.当名词和man,woman连用时，两个部分都变，women doctors;men cooks 这种形式的第一个名词必须是man
8、或woman,不可数名词的计量法,1.以“容器”计量,常用于装在容器的物质a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡three bowls of water 三碗水a bottle of ink一瓶墨水two bags of rice 两袋大米a box of biscuit 一盒饼干,不可数名词的计量法,2.以“与物体形状有关的名词”计量,常用于固体物质a loaf/piece of bread 一块面包a slice/piece of cake 一块蛋糕a piece of coal 一块煤a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力,不可数名词的计量法,3.以“重量单位”计量a ton
9、 of water 一吨水two kilos of rice 两公斤大米three pounds of milk 三磅牛奶,不可数名词的计量法,4.用“piece/item”计量,常用于与媒介物,宣传工具等有关的内容。a piece/an item of news 一条新闻a piece of advice 一条意见a piece/an item of information 一份情报a piece of work 一件工作,（福州）-Im thirsty.May I have something to drink?-OK.Heres some _.A.rice B.bread C.water
10、(宁波)-Excuse me,where can I exchange _?-There is a bank on the second floor.A.books B.food C.money D.stamps Would you please pass me something to drink?What about some _?A.beefB.fish C.juice D.bread,【2012广西玉林】36.What is your favorite food?I like _ best.I had a large bowl last night.potato noodle B.po
11、tatoes noodles C.potato noodles D.potatoes noodles【2012贵州贵阳】34.“What do we need for the salad?”“We need two apples and three _.”orange B.tomatoes C.broccoli17.How many _ do we need to make fruit salad?Two should be enough.A.cabbage B.potatoes C bananas D.lemon,The little baby has two _ already.A.too
12、th B.tooths C.teeth D.teethsThese _ have saved many childrens lives.A.woman doctors B.women doctor C.women doctors D.woman doctor 该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。-Its dangerous here.Wed better go out quickly.-But I think we should let _ go out first.A.woman and children B.women and childC.w
13、oman and child D.women and children,Are they going to have a picnic on _?A.Childrens Day B.Childrenss Day C.Childrens Day D.Children DayCould you please get me some _?Im hungry.A.apple B.water C.bread D.egg-You look so healthy.-Yeah,I like eating apples.An apple a day keeps the _ away.A.teacher B.wo
14、rker C.farmer D.doctorThe_ has two _.A.boys;watches B.boy;watch C.boy;watches D.boys;watch,根据所给单词的正确形式填空：Different people may have different _.(idea)2.I often go to work on.(foot)3.I know one of the.(boy)4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of.(glass)5.Please give them their.(photo)6.Are there any in the bo
15、x?(watch)7.There are twelve in a year.(month)8.Would you like some?(tomato)9.Look at those in the boats!(people)10.Look!The are singing.(woman)11.September 10th is Day.(teacher)12.Jim has some.(knife)13.How much are these?(vegetable)14.My school is twenty _ walk from here.(minute)15.The girl under t
16、he tree is a friend of_.(Lucy),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,months,tomatoes,people,women,Teachers,knives,vegetables,minutes,Lucys,NOUN.,Mikes _ and _ are on the bed（）Ashort；trouser Bshort；trousersCshorts；trousers（2018新疆）Hurry up!Some _ and _ are on sale in the supermarket.（）Atomato；egg Bto
17、matoes；eggCTomatoes；eggs Dtomato；eggs（2018凉山州）Many foreigners came to our school last week，including three _ and four _（）AGerman，American BGermans AmericanCGermans Americans DGerman，Americans（2014?黔东南州）Look!There are some on the farm（）Achicken Bgoose Csheep Dcow,看例题识所有格,1.Beijing is the capital of C
18、hina.Beijing is Chinas capital.,2.This is Mary and her sisters bedroom.Bob and Lucys sister is a nurse.,3.These are Toms and Lilys bags.,4.She is the two boys mother.,5.the door of the room the leaves of the tree,6.the girls name=the name of the girl,7.He is a friend of my brothers.,的,NOUN.,Womens D
19、ay,（表示所属关系,意为“的”）,名词所有格,+sof双重所有格,名词所有格的构成法1.主要是在词尾加 s 构成。如:This is Toms desk.这是汤姆的书桌。2.如果原名词已经有复数词尾s,则仅加一个.如:the teachers reading room 教师阅览室3.如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾，变为所有格形式需在后面 加上 s。如：the childrens palace 少年宫,*名词所有格口诀：,名词所有格，某物是谁的构成有方法,s前面加一撇复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇,This is _ bedroom.The twin sist
20、ers like it very much.A.Anne and Jane B.Annes and Janes C.Annes and Jane D.Anne and JanesOur school is only_ walk from here.A.five-minute B.five minutes C.five minutes D-five minutesMy skirt is on the chair.A.sisters B.sister C.sisters D.sisters,6.Whose shirt is this?Its _(广东省历年中考题)A.Wang Weis B.Wan
21、g Wei C.of Wang Wei7.Wheres Mr Wang?He has gone to the _.A.doctor B.doctors C.doctors8.There is little _ in the fridge.A.bread B.noodle C.dumpling D.vegetable9.Help yourself to _.Thanks.It tastes good.A.some chickens B.a chicken C.some chicken10.Would you like some tea?No,I had two _.A.bottle of ora
22、nge B.bottles of oranges C.bottles of orange D.bottle of oranges11.Uncle Wang bought two _ yesterday A.watches B.watchs C.watch,A B A C C A,12.How many _ are there in the world?A.country B.countries C.countrys13.My sister likes eating _ A.potato B.potatos C.potatoes14.We took many _ when were travel
23、ling A.photos B.photoes C.photo15.When autumn comes,_ of trees turn yellow A.leaf B.leaves C.leafs D.leave16.We brush our _ every day.A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths17.There are _ in our shop.A.woman workers B.women worker C.women workers D.girls workers,B C A B C C,18._mothers made them have pian
24、o lessons A.Peter and Anne B.Peters and Annes C.Peter and Annes D.Peters and Anne 19.Do you know the woman?She is _aunt.A.Lily an Lucy B.Lilys an Lucys C.Lily an Lucys D.Lilys an Lucy 20.There _ some good news in todays newspaper A.were B.are C.is D.have21.There _ two pictures and a map of China A.have B.has C.are D.is22.Either Liming or I _ to help Mary.A.likes B.am going C.is going D.going23.Neither you nor your brother _ been to Beijing A.have B.has C.is D.are,B C C C B B,Sum up,What have you learnt this lesson?,Thank you!,
