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1、Noun Clauses(名词性从句),主语从句、宾语从句表语从句、同位语从句,引导名词性从句的连接词,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：,连接词：,that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分）,连接代词：,what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which,whichever,连接副词：,when,where,how,why,宾语从句1 宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。引导宾语从句的词有连词that,whether,if等;代词who,whose,what,which 等以及副词when,where,how,why 等。例如：,1.We ca
2、n learn what we did not know.2.Do you know who(whom)they are waiting for?3.I wonder whether(if)daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside.,如果主语的谓语动词是及物动词make,find,see,hear 等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用it作为形式宾语。例如：,We find it necessary that we practice spoken-English every day.,某些作表语的形容词（如sure,hap
3、py,glad,certain 等）之后也可带宾语从句。例如I am sure that he will succeed.,主语从句,1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.,2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed.,It is known to us that he is a famous singer.,It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.,3.Whether he will come isnt decided.,It isnt de
4、cided whether he will come.,Tell the difference,1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.,3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.4.The suggestion
5、 that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.,同位语从句中 that 不作成份，但不能省略定语从句中that 作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。,判断下列从句是同位语从句还是定语从句。,The news that they told us was encouraging.2.The news that they have won is encouraging.,3.The idea that we will have no test is exciting.4.The idea that
6、 they came up with was exciting.,The news was encouraging.They told us the news.,The idea was exciting.They came up with the idea.,1.The idea that England stands for Fish Chips,Speakers Corner,Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.,同位语从句,2.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries
7、is still unknown to many.,同位语从句,3.The result of so much French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words such as table,animal and age.,表语从句,4.That most of these are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain.,主语从句,5.Some people feel th
8、at Wales is an ancient fairy land.,宾语从句,6.They realise that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation.,宾语从句,that 引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时 不可省略,That she was chosen made us very happy,We heard the news that our team had won,The reason was that he couldnt prove his ideas.,2.关联词只
9、能用whether 不能用if 表示“是否”的情况：,1）.在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中,例如：The question is whether the film is worth seeing.The news whether they have won the match is unknown.Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided,2）在介词之后（介词往往可以省略）。例如：It all depends(on)whether they will support us.,3）后面直接跟动词不定式。例如：He doesn
10、t know whether to stay or not.,5）宾语从句位于句首 时。例如：Whether he will come Im not sure.,4）后面紧跟or not 时。例如：We didnt know whether or not she was ready.We didnt know whether/if she was ready or not.,3.关联词whether,if,that 的情况:,若doubt 一词用“怀疑”解，接宾语从句时，主语为肯定句用whether 或 if，为否定句或疑问句用that。,I doubt whether he will com
11、e soon.There is some doubt whether it is going to rain.I do not doubt that he will come soon.There is no doubt that it is going to rain.Do you doubt that he will come soon?,4、由于引导词的不同往往在意义上有特指和泛指的区别 Whoever told you the news was lying.Who told you the news was lying.What you need can be found here.W
12、hatever you need can be found here.Its a matter of who will take this position.Give it to whoever comes first.,用关系词填空,1.All of us wonder _ cleaned the classroom.2.The fact _ he didnt keep his promise made me very angry.3._ he is right is certain.4.The truth is _ he has come back.5.He asked _ was the
13、 matter.6.I dont know _ or not the professor will give us a lecture.7._ they went there that evening is not clear8._ should be done has been done.,who,that,That,that,what,whether,How/Why/whether,What,1.The question is _the film is worth seeing.A.if B.what C.whether D.how 2.One of the men held the vi
14、ew _ the book said was right.A.that what B.what that C.that D.whether3.They received orders _ the work be done at once.A.which B.when C./D.that 4.Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge,I cant remember _ A.where B.there C.which D.that5.Energy is _ makes things work.A.what B.everything C.somet
15、hing D.anything6.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A.why;why B.why;because C.why;that D.that;because,C,A,D,C,A,C,单项填空,7.He doesnt think the question of _ they are men or women is important.A.whether B if C.which D.why8.He often think of _ he can do more for his country.A.what B.how C.that D.which9.It was ordered that all the soldiers _ to the front.A.should send B.must be sent C.should be sent D.must go10.Air is to us _ water is to fish.A.is that B.what C.which d.that,A,B,C,B,
