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1、,Wine Training Program 葡萄酒培训,SINOLINKfine wines精心为您挑选优质进口葡萄酒,I Wine HistoryII Alcoholic BeveragesIII Definition of WineIV Components of wineV Types of wine,I 葡萄酒历史II 含酒精饮料III 什么是葡萄酒IV 葡萄酒的组成 V 葡萄酒种类,Table of Contents目录,Table of Contents目录,VI 主要葡萄酒产国 VII 主要葡萄品种 VIII 酒标 IX 葡萄酒单 X 葡萄酒服务 XI 葡萄酒品尝,VI Mai
2、n Wine CountriesVII Main Grape VarietiesVIII Wine Labels IX Wine list X Wine serviceXI Wine tasting,I Wine HistoryI 葡萄酒历史,Wine History,Middle AsiaCaspian SeaMesopotamia,5000 BC,Ancient Egypt,2500 BC,Ancient Greece,1600 BC,Roman Empire,1000 BC,Gaul(France)SpainGermanyAustria,400 BC-100 AD,1400-1600,S
3、outh AfricaMexicoArgentina,1769,California(USA),AustraliaNew Zealand,1788-1819,葡萄酒历史,中东里海美索布达米亚,公元5000前,古埃及,公元2500年前,古希腊,公元1600年前,古罗马帝国,公元1000年前,法国高卢西班牙德国奥地利葡萄牙,公元400年前至公元100年,公元1400-1600年,南非墨西哥阿根廷,1769,加利福尼亚（美国）,澳大利亚新西兰,1788-1819,II Alcoholic BeveragesII 含酒精饮料,Fermented Alcoholic Beverage发酵型酒精饮料,Fr
4、uit-based alcoholic beverages Eg:Wine水果酿制的含酒精饮料 例如:葡萄酒Grain or vegetable based alcoholic beverages Eg:Beer,Chinese rice wine,Sake谷类和蔬菜酿制的酒精性饮料 例如：啤酒，中国黄酒，日本清酒,During the fermentation process,yeast converts sugar into alcohol and Co2在发酵期间，酵母把糖份转化为酒精和二氧化碳,Distilled Alcoholic Beverage蒸馏型酒精饮料,History:Me
5、sopotamia 3500BC-First Distillation used for perfume making 历史:美索布达米亚，公元前 3500年 第一次蒸馏用于香水的制造Distillation:Separation of liquids by evaporation 蒸馏:利用蒸发原理将液体分开Spirits:Distilled drinks produced by concentrating the alcohol present in a fermented liquid.烈酒:利用蒸馏原理浓缩酒精度Liquors:Sweetened or flavored spirits
6、 利口酒:加香和增甜的烈酒,A few distilled alcoholic beverages:Whisky Vodka Rum Tequila Brandy一些经过蒸馏得到的酒精性饮料:威士忌 伏特加 朗姆酒 龙舌兰酒 白兰地Tips：Cognac is a brandy produced exclusively in the Cognac region in France小知识：干邑是法国干邑地区特产的白兰地,Distilled Alcoholic Beverage蒸馏型酒精饮料,Summary 摘要,Alcoholic Beverages含酒精饮料 1)Fermented Alcoh
7、olic Beverages发酵型酒精饮料 2)Distilled Alcoholic Beverages 蒸馏型酒精饮料 Wine belongs to fermented alcoholic beverages葡萄酒属于发酵型酒精饮料,III Definition of Wine 葡萄酒的定义,Ripe&Healthy Grapes 成熟健康的 葡萄Crush the berries,release the juice and add yeast to the must.压榨浆果,使果汁流出并把酵母加入混合物Fermentation converts sugar into alcohol发
8、酵把糖份转化为酒精WINE IS FERMENTED GRAPE JUICE 葡萄酒是经过发酵的葡萄汁,IV Components of Wine,Flavor Compounds(0.1%)Color&Tannins(in red wines)(0.3%)Acids(1%)Sugar(0.1%dry-8%sweet)Alcohol(10%table wines,20%fortified wines)Water(80%-90%),Notes:Approximate percentages by weight,IV 葡萄酒成分,含香物质(0.1%)色素和丹宁(红葡萄酒)(0.3%)酸(1%)糖份
9、(0.1%干-8%sweet甜)酒精(餐酒10%,加强葡萄酒20%)水份(80%-90%),注:以上为重量的大约百分比,V Types of wineV 葡萄酒种类,Types of Wine（By wine making process）,Champagne,Cava,Port,Sherry,Red,White,Rose,SPARKLING WINE,STILL WINE,FORTIFIED WINE,Other Sparkling wines,葡萄酒种类（按生产工艺分）,香槟酒,加瓦,钵酒,雪利酒,红葡萄酒,白葡萄酒,玫瑰酒,汽泡酒,普通葡萄酒,加强葡萄酒,其他汽泡酒,Types of W
10、ine（By service sequence during a meal）,Aperitif（Dry sherry，Champagne,Dry white）Table Wine(Red,White,Rose)Dessert Wine(Botrytis,Ice wine,Port，Late Harvest)Digestive(Liquors,Grappa),Sugar,alcohol,low,high,low,high,Beginning of the meal,End of the meal,葡萄酒种类（按用餐时上酒顺序）,餐前酒(干雪利酒,香槟酒,干白葡萄酒)餐酒(红,白,玫瑰葡萄酒)甜酒
11、(贵腐酒,冰酒,钵酒,晚丰收葡萄酒)餐后消化酒(利口酒,果渣酒),糖份,酒精,低,高,低,高,用餐开始,用餐结束,VI Main Wine Countries 主要葡萄酒产酒国,Old World旧世界France法国 2*Italy意大利 1*Spain西班牙3*,New World新世界USA美国 4*Australia澳大利亚6*Chile智利Argentina 阿根廷5*New Zealand新西兰South Africa南非,*Top six producers in volume产量前六名国家,(Southern hemisphere+USA)南半球美国,(European Cou
12、ntries)欧洲国家,Old World VS New World旧世界VS新世界,Integrate more the soil and climate factors.“Terroir”更能在酒中结合土壤气候特征Long tradition and history悠久历史和传统,Good visibility to the consumers客人容易理解Main factor is the grape variety 主要根据葡萄品种Consistent weather 相应气候,Difficult visibility to the consumers客人不易理解 Lots of re
13、gulations很多规则,Too much standardization标准太多Not been produced for long ageing 储存时间较短,Old world 旧世界,(European Countries 欧洲国家),(Southern hemisphere+USA 南半球 美国),Pros优点,New World 新世界,Cons缺点,VII Grape Varieties葡萄品种,Summary摘要,8,000 grape varieties known in the world世界上目前已知的葡萄品种有8000种1,000 grape varieties us
14、ed for wine around the world世界上大约有1000种葡萄被制成葡萄酒200 traditionally used in Italy 意大利大约使用200种葡萄100 traditionally used in France 法国大约使用100种葡萄50 traditionally used in Spain 西班牙大约使用50种葡萄Grape variety,a major factor in the taste of a wine不同的葡萄品种，是影响葡萄酒品尝的主要因素,Main White Grape Varieties主要白葡萄品种,White Grapes白
15、葡萄品种Chardonnay/莎当妮 Sauvignon Blanc/白苏维翁 Riesling/薏丝琳 Gewuztraminer/格乌兹莱妮 Pinot Grigio/灰皮诺Viognier/威格尼,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Native to Burgundy 源于法国的勃根第地区 Now worlds most fashionable&famous white variety 当今最流行，有名的白葡萄品种Creamy and full-bodied 口感柔和饱满White fruits and nutty flavor白色水果及干果味,Chardonnay
16、莎当妮,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Bordeaux,central Loire 波尔多，卢瓦尔河中部Crisp acidity 清新爽口偏酸Fresh and aromatic 清新果香芬芳Citrus and Grassy 柑桔及青草味,Sauvignon Blanc白苏维翁,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Grown in Alsace,Germany,South Australia,Washington State,etc 种植于阿尔萨斯，德国，罗纳谷地区,南澳大利亚,华盛顿Versatile(dry,tart wine to Swe
17、et late-harvest wine)变化多样（可在口感较干到晚收型甜酒间变化）Floral and mineral flavor花香及矿物味Naturally high acidity天然酸度高A tremendous capacity to age可陈年,Riesling 薏丝琳,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Alsace,Germany,Austria 阿尔萨斯，德国，奥地利Complex,generous 层次分明，特征丰富鲜明Lychee,rose,spices,clove notes 荔枝，玫瑰、丁香的辛辣味Tropical Fruit&Cinnamo
18、n 热带水果味&肉桂味,Gewurztraminer 格乌兹莱妮,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Popular in Northern Italy 盛产于意大利北部Fruili and Veneto 福茹利、维纳图Fresh and Aromatic 新鲜，芬芳Light color 颜色偏淡,Pinot Grigio 灰皮诺,Northern Rhne,Australia,California 北罗纳谷,澳大利亚,美国加州Prestigious Condrieu AOC 有声望 的孔德里欧法定产地Peach flavor 桃子香Very low acidity 酸度
19、极低,Viognier威格尼,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Main Grape Varieties 主要葡萄品种,Red varieties 红葡萄品种Cabernet Sauvignon/加本力苏维翁 Merlot/梅洛 Pinot Noir/黑皮诺 Gamay/甘美 Shiraz(Syrah)/设拉子 Sangiovese/桑吉奥维斯 Nebbiolo/尼比奥罗 Zinfandel/仙芬黛 Tempranillo/泰普妮洛,Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种,A classic Bordeaux grape 传统波尔多葡萄品种 Full-bodie
20、d,tannic 酒体饱满，丹宁较丰富 Very complex,long evolution 口味丰富，陈年长 Blackcurrant,violet 黑加仑，紫罗兰,Cabernet Sauvignon加本力苏维翁,Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种,A traditional Bordeaux grape 传统波尔多葡萄品种 Supple and round 口感柔顺，饱满 Black and red cherry 黑色及红色樱桃 Chocolate 巧克力,Merlot梅洛,Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种,King of Burgundy 勃根蒂之王 C
21、herry,raspberry 樱桃、覆盆子 Spice notes 稍带辛辣 Earthy complexities 泥土气息 A silky texture,little tannins 丝般柔滑，丹宁较淡,Pinot Noir黑皮诺,Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种,Grape used to make Beaujolais 用来做宝祖利酒的葡萄Light purple in color 酒体呈浅紫色Fruity and light in tannins 果香浓郁,口感柔和To be drunk young 趁年轻时喝,Gamay 甘美,Red Grape Varieti
22、es红葡萄品种,Mostly grown in Rhne Region,France,Australia 主要种植于法国罗纳谷地区,澳大利亚 Rich black and red berry fruit,plum 丰富的黑色、红色浆果及李子味 Game and spice complexity 丰富的野味及辛辣味 Rich and full-bodied 口感丰富，酒体饱满,Shiraz or Syrah 设拉子,Italys most common grape 意大利种植最广泛的红葡萄品种 Chianti 基昂蒂用此葡萄酿制 Brunello di Montalcino 蒙塔尔奇诺布鲁诺 L
23、ightly fragrant wines 酒香清淡 A distinct bitter cherry taste 独特的苦莓味 Tight tannins 强烈的丹宁味,Sangiovese桑吉奥维斯,Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种,Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种,Piemontese grape(Italy)意大利皮特蒙地区的著名葡萄品种 Grape for Barolo&Barbaresco 酿制巴罗洛和芭芭罗斯克葡萄酒 Tannic,acidic and austere.丹宁丰富、酸度适中、深沉Complex,full-bodied 酒体饱满，口味丰
24、富Better after more than 4 years aging 最好陈年4年以上,Nebbiolo尼比奥罗,Mostly grown in California 主要种植于美国加州地区 Deeply concentrated berry fruit 浓缩的浆果味 Jammy 果酱味 Intriguing spice notes 独特香辣 A big finish 回味极佳,Zinfandel仙芬黛,Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种,Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种,The fine Spanish variety 很好的西班牙葡萄品种Rioja,Va
25、ldepenas 里奥哈、瓦蒂盆娜地区，Elegant and aromatic 优雅，芬芳,Tempranillo泰普妮洛,VIII Wine Labels酒标,How to Read Wine Label怎样解读酒标?,Winery 酒庄名Vintage年份Alcohol Level酒精含量Net Volume 净含量(Name of Wine)酒名,New World 新世界Grape Variety葡萄品种Old World 旧世界Appellation产地Classification等级,Usual contents of a label 酒标里包含的内容,Sample from t
26、he New World来自新世界的样标,S,Sample from the Old World 来自旧世界的样标,What is the grape variety?葡萄品种是什么？,IX Wine Lists酒单,IX Types of Wine list 酒单种类,Wine list by region根据产区的分类Wine list by alphabetic order根据字母顺序分类Wine list by varieties根据葡萄品种分类Wine list by intensity of wine根据葡萄的强度分类Others其他,X Wine Service葡萄酒服务,X W
27、ine Service 葡萄酒服务,Presentation of the wine list 介绍酒单 Take the order without hesitation 确认订单 The client asks for recommendations客户要求推荐 Recommendations offered 建议 The client may doubt reinforce 客户也许置疑加强你的推荐 Presentation of the wine 展示葡萄酒 Open the wine bottle 葡萄酒开瓶 Client tastes the wine 客人品尝葡萄酒 Wine r
28、ejections 拒绝葡萄酒 Precipitations&Sediments沉淀物 Pouring sequence 斟酒顺序 Glass refill and reorder 葡萄酒续杯和加酒,Simply ask who is going to order the wine 简单询问哪位客人会点酒The wine order is taken right after the order of the dishes 点餐完毕后点酒The client can:-either make his wine order without hesitation客人会：毫不犹豫的点自己喜欢的葡萄酒-
29、or the client may ask for a recommendation或者会要求服务员给与一定推荐,Presentation of the Wine List 介绍酒单,Take the Order Without hesitations客人自主点酒,Listen to the client carefully 仔细聆听客人的需求 Reformulate clearly his choice 再清楚无误的重复他的选择 You may congratulate him/her on the choice,especially in front of their guests 你可以
30、赞赏他/她的选择，特别是在他们的客人面前 Never contradict him,respect his tastes 不要试图更改他的选择，尊重他的口味 Never criticize a wine 绝对不要质疑他点的葡萄酒,Recommendations 客人要求被推荐葡萄酒,Listen pro-actively and gather information 仔细聆听客人的需要，收集信息Then give him a recommendation according to the dish and his budget.根据他的菜肴和预算，推荐相应的葡萄酒 Pay attention
31、to the circumstances&season 注意环境和季节的变化Offer one or two recommendations,no more.Do not read the wine list！只提供一、两个建议，绝对不要照读酒单Justify your choice briefly with a few words 简短的介绍一下你的推荐,Recommendation tips 推荐小贴示,Traditional drinkers 经常饮用葡萄酒的客人Promote the characteristics of the region 强调葡萄酒的产地,Promote the
32、grape variety 强调葡萄品种的不同,Region and appellation 产地 Vintage 年份,Grape variety 葡萄品种Origin 产地,(European clients 欧洲客人),(Southern hemisphere USA clients 南半球 美国客人),New drinkers 刚开始接触葡萄酒的客人,What if the Client is in Doubt?当客户犹豫不决时该如何做,Show him that you fully understood his request 说明你完全理解他的需要Perhaps recommend
33、 him another wine 或许可以向他推荐其他的葡萄酒 Most of the time,the client needs to be reassured 大多数时候，客人需要你进一步肯定他的选择“To do so,tell him a few words about the vineyards,winemaker,recent wine tasting”接下来，向他介绍葡萄酒的酒园，酿造商，品酒辞.,Presentation of the Wine出示葡萄酒,Show the bottle and label standing on the right hand side of t
34、he person who ordered 站在点酒客人的右面，向他展示葡萄酒的瓶身和酒标Never hold the bottle by the neck 绝对不要握酒瓶的瓶颈Do not shake the bottle.Be gentle.不要摇晃酒瓶，拿放轻柔。Red wine should be served at room temperature 红葡萄酒可以在室温品尝White,rose and sparkling wines should be served chilled and put in an ice bucket between pouring 白葡萄酒、玫瑰葡萄酒、
35、汽泡酒饮用前都必须冷藏，余下的葡萄酒要连瓶放入冰桶保温,Open the Wine Bottle葡萄酒开瓶,Always open in the presence of the guest and never hide the label 当着客人的面开启葡萄酒，不要隐藏葡萄酒标Do not turn your back to your customer 不要背对你的客人Cut the foil below the neck with opener.Do not pierce the cork 用酒刀割开瓶封，不要刺穿软木塞Bend the cork a little bit at the e
36、nd to avoid making a noise拔出瓶塞底部时稍微弯曲一点，避免弄出噪音Present the cork upon successful removal from the bottle.Do not leave the Capsule on the table 顺利开启葡萄酒后，不要把铝膜遗留在桌上,Give the Client a Taste of the Wine客人品酒,Ask the guest who made the order to taste the wine 请点酒的那位客人先试酒Pour approximately one soup spoon wor
37、th of wine into the glass of the designated guest 倒大约一汤匙的葡萄酒给指定的客人Ensure approval is given before you go on pouring 点酒客人首肯后才为其他客人们侍酒,Wine Rejections拒绝,Corkiness:If you smell mustiness or damp cardboard,then the wine is corked被橡木塞污染：如果有霉味或潮板纸的气味，说明酒已被污染Oxidation:Sometimes the wine can be oxidized,mea
38、ning it has been exposed to air过分氧化：葡萄酒和空气过分接触会被氧化,Precipitations&Sediments沉淀物,Sometimes,one can find Deposit of Crystals in white wines在白葡萄酒中，有时会碰到一些结晶状沉淀。-Tartaric Precipitations 酒石酸沉淀,Sediment can accumulate at the bottom of aged red&port wines.有年份的红葡萄酒及 钵酒中会集结一些沉淀。-Natural wine solids 葡萄酒中的天然固体物
39、质-Need to be decanted 需要进行醒酒,Theses in no way affect the wine quality这些都不会影响葡萄酒的质量,Precipitations&Sediments 沉淀物,Sometimes,one can find a deposit of crystals in white wines在白葡萄酒中，有时会碰到一些结晶状沉淀。-Tartaric Precipitations 酒石酸沉淀,Sediment can accumulate at the bottom of aged red&port wines 有年份的红葡萄酒及 钵酒中会集结一
40、些沉淀。-Natural wine solids 葡萄酒中的天然固体物质-Should be decanted 需要进行醒酒,These in no way affect the wine quality,nor the consumers health这些都不会影响葡萄酒的质量,Wine Pouring Sequence侍酒顺序,From the right hand side,pour the wine for ladies first,clockwise from the host,then for gentlemen in the same clockwise manner站在客人右边
41、，女士优先，由主人开始顺时针方向，接下来再是男士，同样顺时针方向The person who tastes the wine should be the last person to be poured a glass最后才将主人的酒杯加满Twist the neck a little bit at the end of the pour侍酒完毕后稍微扭转一下酒瓶,Glass Refill and Reorder续杯和加酒,Glass refill 续杯 Make sure you refill the glass as often as possible and respond to any
42、 request to stop the refill你必须每次都尽可能的为客人续杯，除非得到停止续杯的指令Recommend 2nd bottle or a new wine 加点第二瓶酒或再订其他新酒 Always ask the host whether a 2nd bottle of the same wine is required or different type of wine is preferred when there is less than 1/4 bottle of wine left当少于1/4瓶酒时，应该询问主人是否还需要第二瓶或其他不同款的新酒,Role Pl
43、ay 角色扮演,At least two persons至少两个人:-The trainer acts as a client 培训师扮演客人-The volunteer acts as the waiter 志愿者扮演侍者Follow the sequence of the wine service including bottle opening and wine pouring 演示侍酒服务的顺序包括开瓶和侍酒,XI Wine Tasting Techniques 品酒技巧,1)Appearance:Clarity,Brightness,Color and intensity视觉：澄清度，亮度，颜色及深浅2)Nose:Intensity and Aromas嗅觉：香气及浓郁程度3)Taste:Balance,flavors and length味觉：平衡口味及留香,Thank you!谢谢,
