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1、The Relative Clause,定语从句什么是定语？an ugly boy修饰名词或代词什么是定语从句The boy who is ugly is my classmate.定语从句也称为形容词性从句，它在句子中修饰名词或代词，起形容词的作用。,分析句子老师喜欢努力学习的学生。Teachers like the students who study hard.,主句,定语从句,关系代词,你在公园看到的人是我们的英语教师。The person whom you saw in the park is our English teacher.,飞机是一种能飞的机器。A plane is a
2、machine which can fly.我们昨天看的电影很精彩。The film which we saw yesterday is exciting.,那是我们班发音最好的女孩。That is the girl whose pronunciation is the best in our class.whose 指人-定语We study in the classroom whose window faces south.whose-人/物-Attributive,体会:指出定语从句，先行词,关系代词，This is the book that he gave me.The man wh
3、o/that is standing over there wants to see you.Wang Fang is the girl who was absent from yesterdays meeting.I still remember the day which we spent together.This is a book which deals with the First World War.6.Our children like the story that is now being told on the radio 7The girl who/whom I met
4、yesterday is a well-known dancer8.The bicycles whose prices range from 100 to 400 Yuan sell well.总结：连接定语从句的关系代词有1._,指人or 物_2._,指人or 物_3._,指人or 物_4._ 指人or 物_5._指人or 物_,That,Which,who,whose,whom,人和物,物,人,人和物,人,先行词和关系词的关系,1.A plane is a machine that can fly.2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3
5、.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.,the machine=that,the boy=who,whose parents=the parents of whom=of whom the parents,关系代词的作用：连接句子代替先行词（因此先行词不能再次出现在定语从句中）在定语从句中充当作用。分析关系代词 1.充当成分；2.能否用其它关系代词代替3.能否可以省略1.This is the book that he gave me.2.The man who is standing over th
6、ere wants to see you.3.Wang Fang is the girl who was absent from yesterdays meeting.4.I still remember the day which we spent together.5.This is a book which deals with the First World War.6.The girl who I met yesterday is a well-known dancer7.The bicycles whose prices range from 100 to 400 Yuan sel
7、l well.,宾语，which，可以,主语，that，不可以,主语，that，不可以,宾语，that，可以,主语，that,不可以,主语，whom,不可以,=the prices of which=of which the prices,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,关系代词的用法练习,1.The eggs were not fresh.I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry.He came to supper last night.3.He prefers the cheese.It
8、 comes from his parents farm.4.The noodles were delicious.You cooked them.5.I dont like the people.They smoke a lot.,The eggs(that/which)I bought them were not fresh.,The friend who/that he came to supper last night was not hungry.,He prefers the cheese that/which it comes from his parents farm.,The
9、 noodles(which/that)you cooked them were delicious.,I dont like the people that/who they smoke a lot.,The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.,The boy who/that is smiling is Tom.(主语),These are the trees.They were planted last year.,These are the trees that/which were planted last year.,Put the two sentenc
10、es into one,using the relative clause,Mary works for a company _.The book is about a girl _.What happened to the pictures _.The police have caught the men _.,which/that makes furniture,who runs away from home,that/which were on the wall,who stole my car,Activity 2Complete the sentences.Choose the be
11、st ending from the box and change it into a relative clause.,）whose 做定语,小明，他的父亲是工程师，是我们班级里最好的学生。,（）,Xiao Ming is the best student in our class.,His father is an engineer.,Xiao Ming whose father is an engineer is the best student in our class.,指人或物,This is the book.Its cover is blue.,This is the book
12、 whose cover is blue.,Whose father=the father of whom=of whom the parent,Whose cover=the cover of which=Of which the cover,关系代词:,1.先行词是人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，,2.先行词是人，关系词作宾语时，,用who,that,用who/whom/that,4.关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，表示引导词与名词为所属关系。Whose可以指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。,This is the book whose cover is blue.This
13、 is the book of which the cover is blue.,3.先行词是物，关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语,关系词用which/that,Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?,He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.,先行词前常有形容词such,the same时，关系词用as，构成such-as(像-之类)，the same-as(和-同样的句型例如：Li Ming is not such a student as will che
14、at in the exam.I live in the same city as she lives in.,介词+关系代词She is the girl.I always shake hands with her.改成一句_The man _/_/_ I nodded to is Mr.Li.This is the library _/_ you borrow books from?,She is the girl who/whom/that I shake hands with,who,whom,that,that,which,这时我们可以把介词提前：The man to whom I
15、nodded is Mr.Li.介词提前时只能用whom（指人）which(指物),The man who/whom/that I nodded to is Mr.Li.=The man to whom I nodded is Mr.Li.This is the library which/that you borrow books from.=This is the library from which you borrow books.,如何确定关系代词前的介词,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系（根据句子意思），请体会：e.g.Is that the newspaper for whi
16、ch you often write articles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about/of which Im not sure.Be sure of/about sth eg.There was no one to whom I could turn for help.(turn to sb for help 向某人求助）3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949 was the year in which the P.R.C.was founded.,如何
17、确定关系代词前的介词,4.要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.There are 50 students in our class,two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.he was paid for cleaning the windows,most of which hadnt been cleaned for years.,考点三：介词+关系代词,*“of+which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。e.g.1.In the dark street,there wasnt a single
18、 person _ she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom 2.He paid the boy$10 for washing the windows,most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.A.these B.those C.that D.which,D,D,介词前置注意：关系代词which,whom 在定语从句中做宾语时，定语从句中有介词时，定语从句中的介词可以前置于关系词的前面，构成:介词+which/whom 的结构。1）此时，which,whom 虽然
19、是充当宾语的成分，但是不能被省略。2）有些动词词组中的介词不能前置于which,whom 前面。如：look for,look after,take care of,look forward to.,Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?,Do you find the pen(which)I wrote with just now?,Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?,Is this the library from which you borrowbooks?,Pract
20、ice:用合适的介词填空,.This is the table _ _ we often play pingpong.2.This is the room _ _ we lived last year.3.The person _ _ I talked just now is a teacher.4.The pencil _ _ he was writing just now broke.5.Which is the door _ _ you knocked?6.This is the camera_ _ I took the picture.,on which,in which,with/t
21、o whom,with which,at which,with which,定语从句中的关系副词：,when,where,why,关系副词when,where,why的用法以及与关系代词的区分。关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时,才有可能用上关系副词。Do you still remember the days when we stayed there together?This is the place where we had a good time.Do you know the reason why he didnt come here?,关系副词w
22、hen,where和关系代词that,which的区分：关系代词在句子中充当的是主语,宾语(或表语)的成分,而关系副词充当的是状语.所以我们要关注:一是定语从句是否完整,不完整要用关系代词,二是及物动词后缺少宾语的,也要用关系代词.请比较以下句子：This is the park that we visited last year.This is the park where we held a birthday party.,对比练习：I like the village _ we visited last summer.I like the village _ we met last su
23、mmer.,Which/that;where,2.Do you still remember the day_ we spent together?Do you still remember the day_ we first went to Beijing?,Which/that;when,3.There must be a good reason _ he is often late.This is the reason _ he gave me.,Why;which/that,重点句型：The reason why.is that,他上次迟到的原因是因为他起床晚了,The reason
24、why he was late last time was that he got up late.,他被老板拒绝是因为他不会操作电脑,The reason why he was turned downed was that he couldnt operate the computer.,Exercises:Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs.1.Is this the room _ you cleaned last time?2.Is this the room _ we lived befor
25、e?3.This is the garden _ they stayed for a night.4.This is the garden _ they visited last time.5.Tom has forgotten the day _ he left his home.7.She still remembers the year _ she found her first job.8.She still remembers the year _ she spent in Jining.,that,where,where,that,when,when,that,定语从句考点：主谓一
26、致要点6I,who your good friend,will surely lend you a hand when you are in trouble.is B.are C.am D.wasHe is one of the students who have got straight As.He is the only one of the students who has got straight As.,含有插入语的定语从句要点9Jim is the new comer I believe has great potential.A.whom B.who C.whose D.whic
27、h,定语从句和同位语从句的区别要点10The news(that)he told me is really encouraging.The news that our team has won the game is really encouraging.,定语从句,同位语从句,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：,My sister,who is twenty,works in a bank.,The man who came here yesterday has come again.,限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十
28、分密切，写时不用逗号分开。,非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。,Notice:非限制性定语从句的特点最大的区别：非限制性定语从句有逗号 非限制性定语从句不用that，why 非限制性定语从句与主句关系不密切；拿掉仍然清晰 任何关系代词或关系副词都不能省.(即使是充当宾语),什么时间只能用非限制性定语从句?sun,earth,moon独一无二的We lived on the earth,which moves around the sun.father,mother,wife,husbandToms fathe
29、r,who is a doctor,is 50years old.专用名词；人名；地名Hong Kong,The Tian An Men Square指前面整个情况He passed the exam,which made his parents happy.,在非限制性定语从句中,which 可以指代前面整个句子,Eg.1.I missed the class,which made my class teacher very angry.2.He stole the money,which made his boss angry.,Practice:1.The letter is from
30、my sister,_is working in a factory.2.The boss dismissed the man,_had stolen his money.3.He is a kind man,_I always get help from.4.The house was replaced last week,_ roof was blown off.5.These are all the books,_are of great help to me.6.He was late this morning,_ made his teacher very angry.,who,wh
31、o,whom,whose,which,which,*As 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：,Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。而as 则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如.那样”，且已形成固定结构。如：as is known to all,as is said,as is reported,as is often the case,as is expected,as can be described Etc.eg.Einstein,as is known to all,is a famous scientist.As is reported,China has become an important country in the world.He didnt come to attend the meeting,as is expected.Bamboo is hollow,which makes it very light.My son now goes to the school,which I used go to when I was a child.,
