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1、Hints for Prevention:Parents Role on Health Promoting Schools防患未然小錦囊家長角色,Professor Albert LeeDirector of Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion Professor(Head of Family Medicine)Department of Community and Family Medicine The Chinese University of Hong KongHonorary Consultant of Family Med
2、icine李大拔教授香港中文大學醫學院健康教育及促進健康中心主任香港中文大學醫學院社區及家庭醫學系教授(家庭醫學主管)家庭醫學榮譽顧問,課程改革有哪七個學習宗旨？,其中包括 健康生活方式 責任感資料來源：課程發展處教育統籌局,Why is it Important to Promote Health at Schools?為何在校推廣健康是如此的重要?,Health Status Learning Outcomes 健康狀況 學習成效Both health and education are linked to the economic performance and social cohes
3、ion of modern industrialized society在現代化的城市裏，健康及教育均與經濟成就和社會團結有莫大關係,Substantial evidence indicates that health is a major factor affecting the learning capacity of a person 不少証據顯示，健康是影響人們學習能力的主要因素(WHO,1997;Ziglio,1997;Lavin et al.,1992;World Bank,1993;WHO,1995),In line with Curriculum Reform配合課程改革,En
4、able students to develop healthy living model 確立學生的健康生活模式Promote self esteem 提升自信Cultivate correct values and concepts of life 培養正確的價值觀,In line with Health Care reform配合醫護改革,Strengthen the implementation of preventive medicine 加強預防醫學的實踐與推行Empower the concept and skills of self help and self care.增加自
5、我照護的概念及技巧,There has not been any new case of SARS reported in Hong Kong since June 2003 but we have to prepare on the assumption that this will return.自從2003年6月，本港雖再沒有SARS新症，然而我們須嚴陣以待，假設它會回來。,Timely issue:will SARS come back?最新話題SARS會回來嗎？,Related websites 相關網站,Checklist of measures to combat SARS,構成
6、傳染病的 三種 要素傳染原(Infections Agent)傳染途徑(Mode of spread)易受病者(Susceptible host)切斷 這三種要素之間任何二者的關係，便能控制傳染病的傳播,Infectious prevention and control in school學校傳染病預防及控制的方法,Norwalk-like Viruses,In developed countries,acute diarrheal illness remains an important cause of morbidity among both children and adults,在已
7、發展的國家，由急性肚瀉帶來的身體不適是引致兒童和成人發病的主要因素,Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎,Two distinct groups of viruses the rotaviruses and the enteric caliciviruses,such as Norwalk virus as well as a variety of bacterial pathogens have emerged as important etiologic agents of gastroenteritis包括兩類明顯的病毒 1)輪狀病毒和 2)Enteric calic
8、iviruses,例如：諾沃克病毒 和不同種類的細菌病原體皆顯露出是腸胃炎的主要致病原,Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎,Rotavirus infection occurs worldwideBy the age of 3 years,virtually every individual has been infected by rotaviruses at least once輪狀病毒感染可以是全球性發生由三歲開始,事實上每個人皆有致少感染過一次輪狀病毒的可能性,Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎,In areas with a tempera
9、te climate,rotavirus infection is seasonal,occurring in the cooler winter months於溫帶地區，輪狀病毒感染是季節性發生，和多出現於較寒冷的冬季,Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎,The majority of rotavirus infections are subclinical or cause mild gastrointestinal illness that do not require hospitalizationThe onset of illness is usually a
10、brupt大多數的輪狀病毒感染都沒有臨床症狀，或會引致溫和的腸胃炎不適，而不需要住院治療通常是突發性病發,Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎,More than 80 percent of affected children develop vomiting followed by diarrheaAbout one-third of hospitalized children have a temperature of greater than 39C(102.2F)多過八成的受感染兒童會出現嘔吐過後接著是肚瀉的症狀大概有三分之一的住院兒童會出現發燒大過39C(102.
11、2F)的情況,Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎,Gastrointestinal symptoms usually last between 2 and 6 daysImmunity is not complete腸胃炎症狀一般維持 2至6日暫時未有疫苗注射,Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎,Norwalk infection occurs year-round and is commonMore than 70 percent of adults in both developed and less developed countries ha
12、ve antibodies to this virus諾沃克病毒感染是普遍和每年皆發生於已發展和將近發展的國家中，多過七成的成人對此病毒已有抗體,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Antibody acquisition occurs at a younger age among children in less developed countries than among those in developed areas於將近發展國家的年幼兒童比起已發展國家的年幼兒童較容易產生抗體,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Norwalk virus is
13、 spread by the fecal-oral routeIn developed countries,the virus is responsible for one-third of all epidemics of nonbacterial gastroenteritis諾沃克病毒的傳播媒介是經口或糞便在已發展國家中，此病毒佔有全部非細菌性腸胃炎爆發的三分之一,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,The virus is a common cause of waterborne epidemics of gastroenteritis and has been s
14、hown to be the etiologic agent in nursing home,cruise ship,and institutional(summer camp and school)outbreaks此病毒正是導致經由飲水而感染腸胃炎的主要原因而且，當腸胃炎發生在家居護理、遊輪及公共團體時(如夏令營和學校)，皆顯示出此病毒便是致病原,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Norwalk illness has an incubation period of between 18 and 72 h.Disease is characterized by the
15、 abrupt onset of nausea and abdominal cramps followed by vomiting and/or diarrhea諾沃克病毒疾病的潛伏期為 18至72小時其發病的特色主要是突發性的作嘔、腹痛、接著是嘔吐和/或肚瀉,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Vomiting is reported more frequently for children than for adultsLow-grade fever above 37.5C(99.5F)develops in about half of affected individ
16、uals報告指出，兒童出現嘔吐的情況比成人多低溫發燒 大概37.5C(99.5F)出現於過半數的受感染者,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Headache,myalgias,and abdominal pain are commonThe illness is usually mild and self-limited,lasting 24 to 48 h.一般症狀包括：頭痛、肌痛和腹痛此疾病通常是溫和和自限的，維持24至48小時,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Most people do not develop long-term resis
17、tance多數人沒有產生長期抗性,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Reference 相關資訊,衛生署熱線2961 8966教統局預防傳染病在學校擴散衛生署：預防病毒性腸胃炎衛生署：學校預防傳染病指引,衛生署：病毒性腸胃炎討論會簡報衛生署：諾沃克類病毒感染衛生署：預防傳染病資訊集食環署：諾沃克類病毒知多少？,Reference 相關資訊,Health Promotion(by WHO)世界衛生組織將健康促進定義為The process of enabling people to increase control over,and to improve their hea
18、lth增強人們掌控及改善自己健康的能力To ensure sustained positive changes 確保能持續地作出正面的改善To address the interwined social,educational,psychological,and health needs of school children 配合學童在社會、教育、心理和健康上的多種需要,Health Promoting Schools健康促進學校,Hong Kong Healthy Schools Award Scheme香港健康學校獎勵計劃,World Health Organisation世界衛生組織,t
19、he Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion of the Faculty of Medicine of The CUHK香港中文大學醫學院健康教育及促進健康中心,Education and Manpower Bureau教育統籌局,Quality school health programmes,Formal curriculum正規課程,The environment學校環境,Health services健康服務,Partnerships伙伴關係,School policies學校政策,面對不同疾病對我們和下一代的威脅，作為家長的
20、您可擔當什麼角色？,You as parents are taking what kind of roles while you and your children are facing the threat of different diseases?,School Health Policies學校健康政策,As an advisor,monitor&reviewer作為顧問、監察及檢討過程的諮詢者Example:Health eating policy健康飲食政策Infectious control policy 傳染病控制政策,Understand the goal&content o
21、f health education明白健康教育的目的及內容,Health Education Curriculum健康教育課程,Provide home environment to sustain children personal health skills:Reinforcement提供理想的家庭環境，強化孩子在學校所學的健康生活技能,Modeling e.g.Personal Hygiene,Civil Responsibility以身作則，例如注重個人衛生、重視公民責任,Health Education Curriculum健康教育課程,Health Services 健康服務,P
22、rovide accurate health information of children to school提供準確的學生健康資料予學校e.g.SARS:Temperature例如 SARS個人體溫,Health Services健康服務,Report any kinds of infectious disease that your child suffer,e.g.Hand foot mouth.向學校報告孩子任何患上的傳染病，例手足口病Keep your child at home accordingly for rest讓孩子在家休息,Health Services 健康服務,Co
23、llaborate with health services providing organization,e.g.DH Student Health Services配合現存的健康服務，例如衛生署的學童保健計劃,Environment學校環境,Take part in school cleaning and beautifying activities參與校園清潔及美化工作,Not just keeping school environment cleanbut不但保持學校環境衛生也能,Improve relationships between parent,children&school
24、增進親子關係及與學校之關係Increase the sense of belonging in students to school 提昇學生對學校的歸屬感Let your child putting civic and moral education into practice through the school cleaning&beautiful activities 透過參與校園清潔及美化工作，提供孩子一個公民教育實踐的機會,Partnership伙伴關係,As human resource to school parent volunteer,e.g.SARS為學校義工隊，成為學校
25、的人力資源，例如SARS期間的工作Provide professional input,e.g.medical,nursing提供專業意見，例如醫療或護理的意見,Health Promotion Programmes needing support from parents 健康推廣計劃需要家長的支持,TEAM CLEAN objectives 全城清潔策劃小組目標a Pledge Day to act in each September每年九月舉行承諾日,Summary of Features of this Project計劃總結,create a culture of healthy habit and healthy living environment建立健康的文化和一個健康的生活環境,Healthy School 健康學校,Healthy Community 健康社區,Healthy future generation健康的新一代,Thank you!,
