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1、Noun Clause,一 引导词二 it作形式主语和形式宾语三 语序四 时态五 主谓一致六 名词性从句中的虚拟语气七 否定前移八 同位语从句和定语从句的区别,考点荟萃,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。,名词性从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,引导名词性从句的关联词,在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。,The problem is what he has done to the little boy.,问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。,1.主语从句,在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。,主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether 和连接代词wha
2、t,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。,that在从句中无词义，whether 有词义，他们不充当句子成分，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。,What he wants to tell us is not clear.,他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。,Who will win the match is still unknown.,Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
3、,That he stole a bike was true.,单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。,Where and when he was born has not been found.,When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.,有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：,1）It+be+名词+（no wonder,an hono
4、r,a good thing,a pity,a fact,good news etc.)that从句Its a pity that we cant go.Its no surprise that our team has won the game.(我们队赢得了比赛，这不足为奇。）,2）It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprsing,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.+that从句It is certain that she will do well in her exam.It is probable that he
5、told her everything.3）It+be+动词的过去分词(said,reported,supposed,expected,announced,suggested,proposed,desired,etc.)+that从句 It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.,4）It+不及物动词+that 从句It seemed(happened,doesnt matter,has turned out)th
6、at,It didnt matter that he wasnt present.,注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：,It is necessary/important,a pity/natural/strange/vital/essential etc.)that Its strange that you should have done such a silly thing.Its a pity that you(should)be such a kind of person.,练习：,It is
7、 obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A.as B.which C.whether D.that选D,that引导主语从句，在从句中不作句子成分，it是形式主语,2._ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games were held in Beijing.A.It B.What C.As D.WhichB,句意：我们都知道，2008年奥运会在北京举行。本题是由一个主语从句is known to us all和一个表语从句that
8、the 2008 Olympics组成，主语从句中缺少主语，用what指代这一事件，注意本题可转化为It is known to us all that the 2008.（作形式主语）；以及As is known to us all,the 2008.（引导非限制性定语从句）,3._ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.A.Anyone B.The one C.Whoever D.WhoC,句意：任何一个想住旅馆的人必须支付自己的费用。whoever 此处引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who;anyone和 the one
9、 后少who,who表特指，故排除。4、_ was most important to her,she told me,was her family.A.It B.This C.What D.AsC，句意：她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。句子可以调整为：What was most important to her was her family.注意：命题者故意在句中插入了she told me。,5._ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A.No matter what B.No mat
10、ter which C.Whatever D.Whichever6._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A.What B.Who C.Whatever D.Whoever,2.宾语从句,用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。,引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有 see,say,know,imagine,discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider,be sur
11、e,be afraid等.在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think,make,consider等,可以用 it作形式宾语。,Do you know(that)he has joined the army?Im sure(that)he will pass the exam.We think it highly probable that he is dead.We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.He has made it clear that he will not give in.,1.)由连接
12、词that引导的宾语从句,由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。,He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.,He said(that)the exhibition was excellent and that he wanted to visited it once more.,注意:在demand,order,suggest,advise,decide,insist,desire,request,recommand,be d
13、etermined,require,等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“should+动词原形”。,I insist that she(should)do her work alone.,The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.,但是,如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲,insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。,The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination.,He insiste
14、d that he didnt tell a lie.,3)用whether或if引导的宾语从句,whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not且or not紧跟在引导词后面时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether引导。其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether.I dont know whether/if he will come or not.I dont know whether or not he will come.,Everything depends on whether we have enough money.,I
15、dont care about whether you have money or not./whether or not you have money.,介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except,but,in等之后才用。,4)宾语从句中的时态呼应,宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；,I know that he studies English every day.,I know(that)he will study English nex
16、t year.,We all know that he has studied English since 1998.,I know that he studied English last term.,如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的谓语动词只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；,We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.,The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America,当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则
17、从句仍用现在时态。,The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.,5)当主句是I/We think(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。,We dont believe that he will win the game.,I dont think he will do so.,doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/if 引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引导名词性从句。be s
18、ure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if 引导的名词性从句。,连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who,anything that等。它们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter who/what/which。,Whoever breaks the law should be punished.,练习：1.She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do _ it takes to save her life
19、.A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whoeverCould I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales?A.who B.what C.whoever D.whatever3.At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _ it got any better.A.when B.how C.why D.if,4.Many young people in the West are expected
20、to leave_ could be lifes most important decision-marriage-almost entirely up to luck.A.as B.that C.which D.what5.When asked _ they needed most,the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.A.what B.why C.whom D.which6.Then how to book can be of help to _ wants to do the job.A.who B.whomever
21、C.no matter who D.whoever,7.Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home.A.what B.that C.which D.one8.Having checked the doors were closed,and _ all the lights were off,the boy opened the door to his bedroom.A.why B.that C.when D.wher
22、e9.The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is.A.what B.which C.how D.where,10.Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for.A.what B.why C.how D.whether11.With his work completed,the businessman stepped back to his seat,feeling
23、 pleased _ he was a man of action.A.which B.that C.what D.whether12.We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.A.if B.where C.whether D.that,3.表语从句,在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。,引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if,as though,because 引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句,The fact is th
24、at we have lost the game.,Thats just what I want.,That is why he didnt come to the meeting.,It looks as if it is going to rain.,This is because he missed the train by one minute.,需要注意的是，当主语是reason 时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。,The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this mo
25、rning.,The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park.A.where B.how C.when D.why 2.Why not try your luck downtown,Bob?Thats _ the best jobs are.A.where B.what C.when D.why3.You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is _ I disagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how,4.同位语从句,
26、同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。,同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念 的名词后,如 news,idea,information,fact,hope,thought,belief 等，用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，,引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that,whether和连接副词when,where,why,how；连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不引导同位语从句。,I have no idea when she will be back.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：,that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略 that引导同位语从句
27、时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。,I had no idea that you were here.,Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？,(that引导同位语从句,不能省略）,(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）,-Is any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport?-No problem.A.when B.that C.whether D.what2.We should conside
28、r the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science.A.that B.when C.which D.where,3.The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A.what B.which C.that D.though4.Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the
29、afternoon.A.who B.that C.as D.which5.My question _ I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.A.that B.what C.how D.if,1.考查语序1.The photographs will show you _.A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like,2.考查引导
30、词that与what的区别,高考题例示：,1._we cant get seems better than _we have.(NMET1996)A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what,2.No one can be sure _ in a million years.A.what man will look like B.what will man look like C.man will look like what D.what look will man like,3.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法,高考题例示：,1._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It,4.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题,高考题例示：,1.It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language.A.masters B.should master C.mastered D.will master,The end,
