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1、 2002,Cisco Systems,Inc.All rights reserved.,2002,Cisco Systems,Inc.All rights reserved.,2,Starting a Router,Objectives,Upon completing this lesson,you will be able to:Start a router and recognize the normal boot sequenceUse the command-line interface to interact with the Cisco IOS software,given an
2、 operational routerUse the online help facilities associated with the command-line interfaces,given an operational router,System startup routines initiate router softwareRouter falls back to startup alternatives if needed,Initial Startup of the Cisco Router,Unconfigured Versus Configured Router,Boot
3、up Output from the Router,Router#setup-System Configuration Dialog-Continue with configuration dialog?yes/no:yesAt any point you may enter a question mark?for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets.Basic management setup configures only en
4、ough connectivityfor management of the system,extended setup will ask youto configure each interface on the systemWould you like to enter basic management setup?yes/no:no,Setup:The Initial Configuration Dialog,Setup Interface Summary,First,would you like to see the current interface summary?yes:Inte
5、rfaceIP-AddressOK?Method Status ProtocolBRI0unassignedYES unset administratively down downBRI0:1unassignedYES unset administratively down downBRI0:2unassignedYES unset administratively down downEthernet0unassignedYES unset administratively down downSerial0unassignedYES unset administratively down do
6、wn,Interfaces Found During Startup,Setup Initial Global Parameters,Configuring global parameters:Enter host name Router:wg_ro_c The enable secret is a password used to protect access to privileged EXEC and configuration modes.This password,after entered,becomes encrypted in the configuration.Enter e
7、nable secret:cisco The enable password is used when you do not specify an enable secret password,with some older software versions,and some boot images.Enter enable password:sanfran The virtual terminal password is used to protect access to the router over a network interface.Enter virtual terminal
8、password:sanjose Configure SNMP Network Management?no:,Setup Initial Protocol Configurations,Configure LAT?yes:no Configure AppleTalk?no:Configure DECnet?no:Configure IP?yes:Configure IGRP routing?yes:no Configure RIP routing?no:Configure CLNS?no:Configure IPX?no:Configure Vines?no:Configure XNS?no:
9、Configure Apollo?no:,Setup Interface Parameters,BRI interface needs isdn switch-type to be configured Valid switch types are:0 none.Only if you dont want to configure BRI.1 basic-1tr6.1TR6 switch type for Germany2 basic-5ess.AT mask is/24Do you want to configure Serial0 interface?no:,Setup Script Re
10、view and Use,The following configuration command script was created:hostname Routerenable secret 5$1$/CCk$4r7zDwDNeqkxFO.kJxC3G0enable password sanfranline vty 0 4password sanjoseno snmp-server!no appletalk routingno decnet routingip routingno clns routingno ipx routingno vines routingno xns routing
11、no apollo routingisdn switch-type basic-5ess,interface BRI0shutdownno ip address!interface Ethernet0no shutdownno mop enabled!interface Serial0shutdownno ip addressend0 Go to the IOS command prompt without saving this config.1 Return back to the setup without saving this config.2 Save this configura
12、tion to nvram and exit.Enter your selection 2:,Logging In to the Router,You can abbreviate a command to the fewest characters that make a unique character string.,Router User-Mode Command List,wg_ro_c?Exec commands:access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry atmsig Execute Atm Signalling Comm
13、ands cd Change current device clear Reset functions connect Open a terminal connection dir List files on given device disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interacti
14、ve help system lat Open a lat connection lock Lock the terminal login Log in as a particular user logout Exit from the EXEC-More-,wg_ro_c#?Exec commands:access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry access-profile Apply user-profile to interface access-template Create a temporary Access-List en
15、try bfe For manual emergency modes setting cd Change current directory clear Reset functions clock Manage the system clock configure Enter configuration mode connect Open a terminal connection copy Copy from one file to another debug Debugging functions(see also undebug)delete Delete a file dir List
16、 files on a filesystem disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands erase Erase a filesystem exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system-More-,You can complete a command string by entering the
17、 unique character string,then pressing the Tab key.,Router Privileged-Mode Command List,Context-Sensitive Help,Console Error Messages,Identifies problems with router commands that are incorrectly entered so you can alter or correct them,Allows recall of long or complex commands or entries for reentr
18、y,review,or correction,Command History Buffer,Provides a list of commands and the arguments associated with a specific command,Router Command-Line Help Facilities,Router Context-Sensitive Help,Router#,clok,Translating CLOK,%Unknown command or computer name,or unable to find computer address,Router#,
19、cl?,clear clock,Router#,clock,%Incomplete command.,Router#,clock?,set Set the time and date,Router#,clock set,%Incomplete command.,Router#,clock set?,hh:mm:ss Current Time,Symbolic Translation Command Prompting Last Command Recall,Router Context-Sensitive Help(cont.),Router#clok,Translating CLOK,%Un
20、known command or computer name,or unable to find computer address,Router#,clear clock,Router#,%Incomplete command.,Router#,set Set the time and date,Router#,%Incomplete command.,Router#,hh:mm:ss Current Time,Router#,clock set 19:56:00,%Incomplete command.,Router#,clock set 19:56:00?,Day of the month
21、,MONTH Month of the year,Router#,clock set 19:56:00 04 8,%Invalid input detected at the marker,Router#,clock set 19:56:00 04 August,%Incomplete command.,Router#,clock set 19:56:00 04 August?,Year,Command PromptingSyntax CheckingCommand Prompting,(Automatic scrolling of long lines.),Ctrl-A,Move to th
22、e beginning of the command line.,Ctrl-E,Move to the end of the command line.,Esc-B,Move back one word.,Esc-F,Move forward one word.,Ctrl-B,Move back one character.,Ctrl-F,Move forward one character.,Ctrl-D,Delete a single character.,Router$value for customers,employees,and partners.,Enhanced Editing
23、 Commands(cont.),Ctrl-P or Up Arrow,Recalls last(previous)commands,Ctrl-N or Down Arrow,Recalls more recent commands,show history,Shows command buffer contents,Router Command History,terminal history size lines,Sets session command buffer size,Ctrl-U,Move all commands,show version Command,wg_ro_a#sh
24、ow versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS(tm)2500 Software(C2500-JS-L),Version 12.0(3),RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)Copyright(c)1986-1999 by cisco Systems,Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base:0 x03050C84,data-base:0 x00001000ROM:System Bootstrap,Version 11.0(10c),SOFT
25、WAREBOOTFLASH:3000 Bootstrap Software(IGS-BOOT-R),Version 11.0(10c),RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin(output omitted)-More-Configuration register is 0 x2102,Overview of Router Modes,Saving Configurations,wg_ro_c
26、#wg_ro_c#copy running-config startup-configDestination filename startup-config?Building configurationwg_ro_c#,Copies the current configuration to NVRAM,Sets the local identity or message for the accessed router or interface,Configuring Router Identification,Configuring a Router Password,Other Consol
27、e-Line Commands,Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0,Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#logging synchronous,Prevents console session timeout,Redisplays interrupted console input,Router(config)#interface type numberRouter(config-if)#,type includes serial,eth
28、ernet,token ring,fddi,hssi,loopback,dialer,null,async,atm,bri,tunnel,and so onnumber is used to identify individual interfaces,Quits from current interface configuration mode,Router(config)#interface type slot/portRouter(config-if)#,For modular routers,selects an interface,Configuring an Interface,E
29、nter Global Configuration Mode,Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000Router(config-if)#,Router(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#,Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#,Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64Router(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#exitRouter#,Specify Interface,Set Clock Rate(on DCE int
30、erfaces only),Set Bandwidth(recommended),Configuring a Serial Interface,Router(config)#interface ethernet 2 Router(config-if)#media-type 10baset,Selects the media-type connector for the Ethernet interfaceSeries:4000/4500/7000,Ethernet media-type Command,Router show interfaces Command,Router#show int
31、erfacesEthernet0 is up,line protocol is up Hardware is Lance,address is 00e0.1e5d.ae2f(bia 00e0.1e5d.ae2f)MTU 1500 bytes,BW 10000 Kbit,DLY 1000 usec,rely 255/255,load 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA,loopback not set,keepalive set(10 sec)ARP type:ARPA,ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 00:00:07,output 00:00:08
32、,output hang never Last clearing of show interface counters never Queueing strategy:fifo Output queue 0/40,0 drops;input queue 0/75,0 drops 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec,0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec,0 packets/sec 81833 packets input,27556491 bytes,0 no buffer Received 42308 broadca
33、sts,0 runts,0 giants,0 throttles 1 input errors,0 CRC,0 frame,0 overrun,1 ignored,0 abort 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 55794 packets output,3929696 bytes,0 underruns 0 output errors,0 collisions,1 interface resets 0 babbles,0 late collision,4 deferred 0 lost carrier,0 no carrier 0
34、 output buffer failures,0 output buffers swapped out,Interpreting the Interface Status,Verifying a Serial Interface Configuration,Router#show interface serial 0Serial0 is up,line protocol is up Hardware is HD64570 MTU 1500 bytes,BW 64 Kbit,DLY 20000 usec,rely 255/255,load 1/255 Encapsulation HDLC,lo
35、opback not set,keepalive set(10 sec)Last input 00:00:09,output 00:00:04,output hang never Last clearing of show interface counters never Input queue:0/75/0(size/max/drops);Total output drops:0 Queueing strategy:weighted fair Output queue:0/1000/64/0(size/max total/threshold/drops)Conversations 0/1/2
36、56(active/max active/max total)Reserved Conversations 0/0(allocated/max allocated)5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec,0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec,0 packets/sec(output omitted),BW 64 Kbit,Serial Interface show controller Command,Router#show controller serial 0HD unit 0,idb=0 x121C04,driv
37、er structure at 0 x127078buffer size 1524 HD unit 0,V.35 DTE cable.,Shows the cable type of serial cables,V.35 DTE Cable,Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown%LINK-3-UPDOWN:Interface Seria0,changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:Line Protocol on Int
38、erface Serial0,changed state to up,Enables an interface that is administratively shut down,Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#shutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED:Interface Serial0,changed state to administratively down%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:Line protocol on Interface Seria
39、l0,changed state to down,Administratively turns off an interface,Disabling or Enabling an Interface,Summary,The startup of a Cisco router requires that you verify the physical installation,power up the router,and view the Cisco IOS software output on the console.The router startup sequence is simila
40、r to the startup sequence of the Catalyst switch.The router first performs POST,then it finds and loads the IOS image.Finally,it finds and loads the device configuration file.Use the enable command to access the privileged EXEC mode from the user EXEC mode.,Summary(Cont.),The Cisco router uses Cisco
41、 IOS software with extensive command-line input help facilities,including context-sensitive help.The Cisco IOS CLI includes an enhanced editing mode that provides a set of editing key functions.The Cisco router CLI provides a history or record of commands you have entered.This feature,called the command history,is particularly useful to help you recall long or complex commands or entries.After logging in to a Cisco router,you can verify the router initial startup status using the router status commands:show version,show running-configuration,and show startup-configuration.,
