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1、Edgar Allan Poe爱伦坡(18091849),杜亚芳,A poet,short story writer,and literary critic,Poes mother,Edgar Allan Poe（18091849）埃德加.爱伦.坡,Part I.Life ExperiencePart II.Major WorksPart III.Literary Position Part IV.AppreciationPart V.Comments on Poe This daguerreotype（photo）of Poe was taken in 1848 when he was 39
2、,a year before his death,Part I.Life Experience,A miserable childhood:born in Boston,both parents died within two years after his birth,taken into the home of John Allan in Virginia（弗吉尼亚州）,had an unhappy relationship with his foster fatherAn unhappy youth:at 17 went to the University of Virginia but
3、 did not finish,an appointment to West Point but was dismissed（fired）less than a year later,A struggling life:in 1833,became an editor of Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond,lost the position because of excessive drinking and an inability to meet deadlines,managed to regain the job in 1835,at 27
4、,married his 13 year-old cousin,Virginia Clemm,drifted for several years as editors in different magazines but remained poor all his lifeA bitter and mysterious death:in 1847,wife died of tuberculosis（肺结核）,in 1849,died in mysterious circumstances,Part II.Poes Major Works,A:Poetry B:Short stories C:L
5、iterary theory D:one full-length novel:The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym(1838)亚瑟.戈登.皮姆的故事,A:poetry,1 The Raven(1844)乌鸦2 Annabel Lee 安娜贝尔丽3 The Sleeper 睡美人4 A Dream Within a Dream 梦中梦5 Israfel伊斯拉菲尔6 The Bells 钟7 Sonnet To Science 十四行诗-致科学8 To Helen 献给海伦9 The City in the Sea 海中的城市,made Poe famous as
6、a poet,symbol of his dark doubtsand frustrated longing,“Nevermore”永不再,B:Short stories,1 MS.Found in a Bottle(1833)瓶中手稿2 Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque(1839)荒诞奇异的故事3 The Murders in the Rue Morgue(1841)毛格街血案4 The Fall of the House of Usher 厄舍古屋的倒塌5 The Cask of Amontillado 一桶白葡萄酒6 Ligeia 丽姬亚7
7、 The Purloined Letter 窃信案8 The Man of the Crowd 人群中的人9 The Tell-Tale Heart 泄密的心10 William Wilson威廉.威尔逊11 Black Cat黑猫12 The Imp of the Perverse变态的小鬼13 The Gold Bug金甲虫14 The Mystery of Marie Roger 玛丽.罗热疑案15 The Masque of the Red Death 红色死亡的化妆舞会,厄舍古厦的陷落,C:Literary theory,The Poetic Principle The Philos
8、ophy of Composition Review of Twice-Told Tales 评霍桑的,Part III.Poes literary position,Forerunner of western decadent literatureForerunner of aesthetic literatureExplorer of abnormal psychologyFather of psychoanalytic criticismPath-breaker of American detective novelFather of modern short story,Part IV
9、.Appreciation,Poetry,Short stories,Literary theory,Poes theory for poetry,poems,short but achieve maximum effect,produce a feeling of beauty in the reader,pure“,not to moralize,He stresses rhythm,insists on an even(规则的)metrical flow,真实能够满足人的理智,感情能够满足人的心灵,而美则能激动人的灵魂,Short Story Features,Gothic elemen
10、ts Grim setting*Landscapes are often reflections of characters mind.*Unusual buildings,extremes of nature,eccentric works of art*Very few of his stories take place in America;most take place in Europe or Never-never-land.deep analysis of human psychologyprecursor（forerunner）of detective stories and
11、science storiesstyle:ordinary,traditional(Traditional,but not easy to read)language:mannerismSample:The Fall of the House of Usher,Poes literary contributionAestheticismPrinciple of beautyPrinciple of unity and concentration；shortCareful choice of diction for desired effect(the musical effect of wor
12、ds themselves)Negligence（oversight）of so-called truth and social,political and moral suggestions“Pure poetry”or“pure art”Unity of effect and atmosphere;content in service of artistic effect,Themes in Poes works,Deathpredominant theme in Poes writing“Poe is not interested in anything alive.Everything
13、 in Poes writings is dead.”Horror；Hidden evil:Unspeakable,mysterious crimes,including incest and parricideManiacal Laughter（crazy）The discovered manuscriptgives responsibility to someone elseDeformity（畸形）the groteque-people who dont look right are capable of activity beyond the normNegative thoughts
14、 of science,Sciences crime of destroying these beautiful myths is made all the worse by the poems harsh language.The vulture has not just nudged the mythical figures out of the picture,but has“dragged Diana from her car”and“torn the Naiad from her flood.”,【希腊神话】林木女神,【希腊、罗马神话】那伊阿得(掌管河、泉的水泽女神),月亮女神,Pa
15、rt V.Comments on Poe,Emerson dismissed him in three words“the jingle man”(打油诗人)，Mark Twain declared his prose to be unreadable.And Whitman was the only famous literary figure present at the Poe Memorial Ceremony in 1875.Not accepted before French symbolists like Charles Pierre Baudelaire(1821-1867)a
16、nd Mallarm.,*His influence is world-wide in literature Arthur Conan Doyle French symbolists British Aestheticism“Art for Arts Sake”T.S Eliot,William Faulkner*Poe remains one of this countrys finest and most influential writers.He stands alone,representing a category very difficult to pigeonhole（categorize）.,Edgar Allan Poe is the most controversial and the most misunderstood literary figure in the history of American literature.“我不在乎我的作品是现在被人读还是由子孙后代来读。我可以花一个世纪来等待读者。”,
